• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Eggs are an important source of protein for the human diet. Consumers want fresher, more delicious and more sanitary eggs. In Korea, the Shell Egg Grading system (EGS) was employed in 2001. The portion of graded shell eggs has increased every year, but graded shell eggs account for only 6% of all eggs. The EGS should satisfy producers, distributors and consumers. However, the EGS does not have an official function because of many problems. Consumers cannot select various graded shell eggs in the market, and producers do not receive enough profit even though they produce top-quality graded shell eggs. There are few studies on the EGS, Therefore, this study was performed to improve the EGS. We surveyed the EGS, GP Centers and farmers. Large companies (farmers) are more satisfied than small companies with the EGS. There was a high tendency for the companies (farmers) that are not involved with the EGS to think that graded and ungraded shell eggs are similar, in contrast to the companies (farmers) connected to the EGS. We should have to change the grading system of grade shell eggs, establish of the cold chain system, change of the law for the school meals, minimize payment for the grading shell eggs for developing EGS. Based on this study, the egg industry can benefit through the improvement of the EGS.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

In Korea, most of the locations of the cemeteries and burial vault are in forest lands. The utilization of forest land for this particular purpose is very inefficent and considered to be a serious problem. National government (Forest Service), local governments (Incheon city), and religious corporation (eunhoe Temple) are creating new burial methods to solve the inefficiency in forest utilization. In this study, awareness of Koreans and Japaneses on tree burial problems were compared. Based from the results of the survey, more than 80% of the respondents are aware of the problems. However, the burial culture in Korea still has many problems. Operation and management of tree burial is not being done by experts and sufficient information regarding to this type of burial still needs to developed. To solve these problems, eco-friendly burial, which is considered as new funeral culture, is now being created. In the case of Ichinoseki City in Iwate prefecture in Japan, improving the residential environment greatly affected the tree burial practices. This town was chosen for this study due to its characteristics of being a tourism area which greatly affecting the economy of this town. Another study site of this study was located in Sangju city. The changing social environement and the perception of the people regarding on the services being provided to the people were examined thru questionnaire survey. Specifically, this study analyzed the practices and beliefs of the people regarding the tree burial culture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

Pericarp thickness of vegetable corns such as sweet and waxy corn is one of the crucial traits, contributing to their edible quality. This study was carried out to compare the pericarp thickness of super sweet and waxy corn hybrids measured with kernel samples prepared using different methods at different grain filling periods. The samples comprised excised pericarp from dried, frozen (at $-4^{\circ}C$), and fresh kernels. Analysis of variance performed separately on super sweet and waxy corn hybrids indicated a significant three-way interaction among cultivars, kernel sample preparation methods, and days after pollination (DAP). Dried samples of super sweet corn hybrids presented reasonably stable pericarp thickness measurements during grain filling, while all the sample preparation methods fluctuated less as grains of waxy corn hybrids matured. Waxy corn is best consumed at around 24 days after pollination. Pericarp thickness of waxy kernel samples regardless of preparation methods investigated was the same at 24 DAP with a few exceptions. Overall, the common method of drying kernel samples before pericarp excision can provide reliable data for estimating the tenderness of vegetable corn hybrids.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

This study presented a measure for turning by-products, released from land farming sites, into resources. The measure involved adding food by-products such as rice bran and nonfat soybean to the sludge, released from the eel farming sites, inoculating the lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus subtilis by step, fermenting them, and measuring the changed ingredients of the fermented fodder. The water content of the fermented fodder by the step of preparation was the first-step fermented product (14.6%) using the lactic acid bacteria, and the second and third-stage fermented product (33.0% and 34.0% respectively) using Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis. The pH level was found to be 5.38 in the first-step fermented product due to the secretion of lactic acid caused by the lactic acid bacteria, and the pH level of the second and third-stage fermented products was 5.66 and 7.26, respectively, showing that the pH level increased. The phytic acid content was 0.126g/100g in the first-step fermented product, 0.004g/100g in the second-stage fermented product, and 0.093g/100g in the third-stage fermented product. The measurement of nitrogen content revealed that the amino nitrogen content was high with 1226.37mg% in the second-stage fermented product, and a little lower with 710.18mg% in the third-stage fermented product. The ammonium nitrogen content increased from 0.988mg/kg in the first-stage fermented product to 1.502mg/kg in the third-stage fermented product. Total nitrogen content increased to 2.78% in the first-stage fermented product, 4.08% in the second-stage fermented product, and 4.85% in the third-stage fermented product. As fermentation continued with the three microbes, the phytic acid decreased, and the protein decomposition rate increased. Also, due to the 3 step fermentation, the low-molecule nitrogen ingredient content increased, suggesting that the fodder was developed to offer high digestion and absorption.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study addresses the current demand of the Korean mushroom export industry to establish an export strategy and governing policies.The enoki mushroom exports increased by 89% in 2009 and 23% in 2010, resulting in the largest export volume (17,163 tons) and export value ($26,292,000) being recorded in 2010. In contrast, exports in 2020 yielded only $18,525,000, which was 29% lower than that in 2010. In case of king oyster mushrooms, exports increased by 10% in 2012, 13% in 2013, and 2% in 2014, maintaining a moderate-growth trend. Moreover, Korea's mushroom exports are focused on a few specific countries. Enoki mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to North America and Vietnam from 2012 to 2022, whereas king oyster mushrooms accounted for more than 50% of the total exports to Europe and North America (USA and Canada) from 2009 to 2022. Another characteristic trend in Korean mushroom exports is the diversification of export markets. The number of countries importing enoki mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms from Korea is increasing.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2019

To develop sustainable new natural anti-aging ingredients from Korean native plants, we investigated the cultivation potential of Nymphoides indica using the eco-friendly aquaponics system, and tested the anti-aging effects from N. indica extracts. N. indica could be grown in aquaponics system using floating leaved deep water culture method, and propagated through rhizome propagation. It was confirmed that the nitrate ($80{\mu}g/mL$), potassium ($63.5{\mu}g/mL$) and water temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) greatly affected the cultivation of the N. indica. In addition, synergistic effects were found when two major components (3,7-di-O-methylquercetin-4'-O-${\beta}$-glucoside & sweroside) were present at more than about $5{\mu}g/mL$. The extract had a significant effect on the recovery of skin cells damaged by environmental pollutant such as $benzo[{\alpha}]pyrene$, ammonium nitrate, formaldehyde. It also suppressed $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and COX-2, and inhibited the production of MMP-1. Taken together, the results suggested that the standardized extracts of N. indica cultivated in the aquaponics has considerable potential as a new cosmetics ingredient with an anti-aging effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.588-595
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of hot water (EIW) and 80% ethanol (EIE) extracts of Enteromorpha intestinalis and the quality characteristics of Topokkidduk prepared with different amounts (0, 1, 3, and 5%) of Enteromorpha intestinalis powder (EIP). The total polyphenol contents of the EIW and EIE extracts were 2.04 and 6.73 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of EIW and EIE were markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 19.74% and 81.69%, respectively, at 10 mg/ml. The moisture content was higher at 0% EIP (p<0.05). The L value and the a value of Topokkidduk significantly decreased when the amounts of EIP increased (p<0.05), but the b value of Topokkidduk significantly increased when the amounts of EIP increased (p<0.05). Hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, springiness, and brittleness increased with increasing EIP concentration. The cohesiveness was higher at 3% EIP, but no significant difference was noted between 0% and 1% EIP. The total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased upon addition of EIP (p<0.05). A sensory evaluation revealed a higher color, texture, and taste of Topokkidduk in groups containing 0% EIP, but the flavor was highest for Topokkidduk with 0% EIP added. Overall acceptability was higher at 0% EIP, but no significant difference was noted between 0 and 1%. These results suggest that Enteromorpha intestinalis has great potential as a source for natural health products.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.857-862
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• 2021

Recently, rapid climate change has had a significant impact on the bee ecosystem. The decrease in the number of bees and the change in the flowering period have a huge impact on the harvesting of beekeepers. Accordingly, attention is focused on smart beekeeping, which introduces IoT technology to beekeeping. According to the characteristics of beekeeping, it is impossible to continuously observe the beehive in the hive with the naked eye, and the condition of the hive is mostly dependent on knowledge from experience. Although a system that can measure partly through sensors such as temperature/humidity change inside the hive and measurement of the amount of CO2 is applied, there is no research on measuring the movement path and amount of movement of bees inside the beehive. Part of the migration of honeybees inside the hive can provide basic information to predict the most important cleavage time in beekeeping. In this study, we propose a device that detects the movement path of bees and measures and records data entering and exiting the hive in real time. The device proposed in this study was developed according to the honeycomb standard of the existing beehive so that beekeeping farms could use it. The development method used a photodetector that can detect the movement of bees to configure 16 movement paths and to detect the movement of bees in real time. If the measured honeybee movement status is utilized, the problem of directly observing the colony with the naked eye in order not to miss the swarming time can be solved.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.481-496
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• 2022

In order to establish an effective pest control strategy, we investigated the occurrence of lepidopteran insects in the major trees growing in urban forests from 2019 to 2021. In total, we recorded 76 species of 14 families in Prunus spp., 40 species of eight families in Acer spp., 43 species of 10 families in Zelkova serrata, 28 species of seven families in Rhododendron spp., and 10 species of four families in Hibiscus syriacus. Among these, Hyphantria cunea and Lymantria dispar were recorded from all five tree taxa monitored. The most frequently occurring species in the different tree groups were as follows: H. cunea and Phalera flavescens in Prunus yedoensis, Epinotia ulmicola in Z. serrata, and Rehimena surusalis in H. syriacus. H. cunea also occurred in Rhododendron spp. and Acer spp., although the numbers were lower than those recorded in Prunus spp. and Z. serrata. Our results highlight the importance of focusing on the frequency of occurrence of lepidopteran insects in Prunus spp. and Z. serrata, whereas the presence of these insects in both Acer spp. and Rhododendron spp. Appears to be less problematic. From the perspective of reducing the risks to human health, our findings indicate that the application of pheromones for monitoring lepidopteran species and the use of mating disruptors would be desirable approaches that would contribute to minimizing the spraying of pesticides in urban forests.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2017

Bred and grown around the world, tomato (Solanum spp.) has highly valuable fruits containings various anti-oxidants such as lycopene, flavonoids, glutamine, and ${\beta}-carotene$. Several studies have explored, way in which to enhance the growth, management and quality of tomato, we focus on the management of growth for yield rather than quality. The expression of superior agronomic traits depends on where cultivars are grown. We evaluated 10 cultivars grown in three environment for their lycopene. HTL3137 ($70.48mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), which was grown in Yoeju in spring/summer, contained the highest lycopene content, while HTL10256 ($20.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), which was grown in Suwon in spring/summer, contain the least lycopene.Correlations between color components and lycopene content varied according to growing location and season. In spring/summer-grown tomatoes from Suwon, no significant correlation was observed between any color component (redness [R], greenness [G], blueness [B], luminosity, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, hue and chroma) and lycopene content. A correlation was observed between B and lycopene content in tomatoes grown in Yeoju during the same season. In tomatoes grown in Yeoju in fall/winter, significant correlations were found between lycopene content and G, luminosity, $L^*$, and hue. Variance in interactions between genotype, environment, and genotype ${\times}$ environment (G ${\times}$ E) using Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimate (MINQUE) analysis indicated that lycopene content depends on genotype (51.33%), environment (49.13%), and G ${\times}$ E (21.43%). However, when the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) was used, the G ${\times}$ E value was highest.