• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2004

This study was carried out to propose improvement planting method by the research and analysis of planting concept, planting density, planting style and pattern in apartment complex, Seoul. Survey sites were selected by reflecting the change of green area ratio : Hawgok Jugong apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1974), Samik-green apartment complex, Gangdong-gu(1980), Dongsindaea apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1992). Green area in apartment complex was classified with front green area, side green area, and back-side green area. Planting concept that composed of landscape planting concept but anyother concept was not, was similar to all sites not differ from creation time. And planted species was not differ from planting style. Planting density was of both conopyㆍunder story layer was 0.0∼0.2 tree/$m^2$, and that of shrub layer was 0.0∼0.5 tree/$m^2$ Shrub layer planting density was insufficient and the density was not changed according to the creation time. Canopyㆍunderstory and shrub was planted to another green space, not concern with multi-layer structure. Planting pattern was utilized to single planting, linear planting, and random triangle planting, but it was not to the change that in each green space planting concept. Green area in apartment complex should be variety according to planting density, planting structure and planting pattern. And we should get the function of covering and beauty in case of front green space, that of ecological environment and increasing green volume in case of back-side green area, that of increasing green volume in case of side green area, apartment complex.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the spatial accessibilities to urban greens considering the catchment areas of urban parks to improve those areas with lower spatial accessibility in the neighborhood units. Nam-gu in Daegu was selected as the study area. In the results of the analysis of 16 existing parks, Daemyung6-dong and Daemyung5-dong had high ratios of green service area to administrative district, with values of 94.4% and 92.3%, respectively. Low ratios of green service area(vulnerable area of green service) were recorded in Icheondong(1.6%) and Daemyung10-dong(24.1%). However, the ratio of Icheondong may increase by 88.6%, when the 12 unexecuted urban parks are established. The ratio of Daemyung10-dong can also increase up to 40.1% by establishing green spaces in public institutions such as government offices and schools. This study suggests possibilities to improve the spatial accessibilities to urban parks and indicates the policies required for enhancing the even distribution of green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

This study attempts to specifically analyze green volume and scenery characteristics by classifying the streets in Seoul and suggest improvements accordingly. The subject streets for research were limited to those that have high occupancy ratio and are wide enough to have a big potential in improving green volume. In terms of green volume and scenery according to the types of streets, Platanus occidentalis and Ginkgo biloba were most common regardless of the street type, and the green ratio was 51.6% in residential areas, 50.4% in commercial areas, and 43.7% in business areas. Apart from the residential area, there was almost no green areas, and the ratio of green coverage was 71.0% in business areas, 64.0% in green areas, 37.3% in residential areas, and 36.2% in commercial areas, while the green volume coefficient was $1.9m^3/m^2$ on average. Based on the study results, it was set as a goal to provide the residential areas with a green community space and flowering trees throughout the year for scenery, and commercial areas with flowering trees and maples to emphasize the stores' image while not interfering with service and walking. For business areas, the goals were to improve green ratio and create streets that suit the urban image, and to set up spaces to provide habitat for wild animals with multi-layer planting and link to surrounding forests.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.101-118
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• 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization rate of neighborhood parks and green spaces increased significantly, and the outbreak served as an opportunity to highlight the values and functions of neighborhood parks and green spaces for urban residents. This study aims to empirically analyze how citizens' movement and the use of neighborhood parks and green spaces changed before and after COVID-19 and examine the social and spatial characteristics that affected these changes. As a research method, first, people's mobility around neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using signal data from telecommunication carriers. Through the analysis of changes in residence time and movement volume, the movement characteristics of citizens after COVID-19 and changes in walking-based park visits were examined. Second, the factors affecting the mobility change in neighborhood parks and green spaces were analyzed. The social and spatial characteristics that affect citizens' visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after COVID-19 were examined through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, through cluster analysis, the types of living areas for the post-COVID era were classified from the perspective of the supply and management of neighborhood parks and green spaces services, and directions for improving neighborhood parks and green spaces by type were presented. Major research findings are as follows: First, since the outbreak of COVID-19, activities within 500m of the residence have increased. The amount of stay and walking movement increased in both 2020 and 2021, which means that the need to review the quantitative standards and attractions of neighborhood parks and green spaces has increased considering the changed scope of the walking and living area. Second, the overall number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces by walking has increased since the outbreak of COVID-19. The number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces centered on the house and the workplace increased significantly. The park green policy in the post-COVID era should be promoted by discovering underprivileged areas, focusing on areas where residential, commercial, and business facilities are concentrated, and improving neighborhood parks and green services in quantitative and qualitative terms. Third, it was found that the higher the level of park green service, the higher the amount of walking movement. It is necessary to use indicators that contribute to improving citizens' actual park green services, such as walking accessibility, rather than looking at the criteria for securing green areas. Fourth, as a result of cluster analysis, five types of neighborhood parks and green spaces were derived in response to the post-COVID era. This suggests that it is necessary to consider the socioeconomic status and characteristics of living areas and the level of park green services required in future park green policies. This study has academic and policy significance in that it has laid the basis for establishing neighborhood parks and green spaces policy in response to the post-COVID era by using various analysis methodologies such as carrier signal data analysis, GIS analysis, and statistical analysis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

환경친화적 개발 가능성에 있어서 쓰레기 매립지 골프장 건설은 골프장 이미지 개선, 부지 매입가격 절감, 메탄 에너지 재활용, 국토 이용률 상승, 녹지공간의 확보, 기술 경쟁력 확보 등의 매우 많은 이점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 이점을 개발하기 위해 본 연구에서는, 국내의 쓰레기 매립지 골프장 개발 가능요인과 쓰레기 매립지 현황을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 이용가능성이 있는 매립지는 5%내외이며, 골프장과 같이 녹지를 제공하는 시설의 설치가 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 이미 개발된 미국의 쓰레기 매립지 골프장 시공 사례를 알아보고, 쓰레기 매립지 골프장 개발의 적극적인 도입을 위해 매립지 토지이용절차와 이용시 판단기준, 토지활용시 고려사항 등을 연구하였다. 이러한 기초자료를 바탕으로 미래의 쓰레기 매립지 활용에 있어 골프장 부지로 사용하고, 건설할 수 있는 타당성과 구체적인 대안을 제시하였다.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

본 연구는 도시토지이용의 적합성분석을 실시하는 데 있어 GSIS와 인공신경망의 유기적인 결합을 시도해 보았다. 인공신경망은 학습이라는 과정을 통해 신경망 노드(node)간의 연결강도를 합리적으로 결정할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 이러한 점에서 공간분석에서 요구되는 인자간의 경중률과 신경망의 연결강도는 대체가 가능하리라 판단된다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 두 종류의 신경망을 구성하였다. 1차 신경망은 토지이용별 적합성 분석에 적용했으며, 2차 신경망은 최적의 토지이용패턴을 분석하기 위해 구성하였다. 이들 신경망은 C++로 작성된 프로그램에 의해 구현된 최급강하법에 의한 역전파 알고리즘에 의해 학습을 실시하였으며, 활성화 함수는 시그모이드 함수를 사용하였다. 분석결과는 현행 용도지역제에서 주거, 상업, 공업, 녹지에 대한 토지이용 적합도면과 4가지 유형의 토지이용에 대한 대상지역의 최적토지이용패턴을 제시한 도면으로서 Arc/Info의 Grid 형식으로 작성하였다. 또한 토지이용별 적합도면상에 나타난 적합지역과 최적토지이용패턴은 위치적인 면과 공간 구성에 있어 실제의 도시토지이용계획의 이론적인 개념에 매우 합치되는 분포형태를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the building, site, and region characteristic factors on the annual average price rising rate of apartment housing in Seoul. The data were consisted of 272 apartment units in Seoul. A survey included checking the drawing documents and interview with apartment maintenance staffs and real estate agencies from October 2006 to February 2007. Data were analyzed with descriptives, frequency, crosstabs, and linear regression by SPSS/PC for Window. The linear regression model was employed to evaluate the price rising rate in apartment housing. Following results were obtained. The price rising rate for pyeong ($3.3m^2$) of apartment housing was determinated by the district zone, the construction company's brand name, the building age, the building stories, the floor space index, the building-to-land ratio, the green space rate, and the distance from the downtown. Especially, the district zone was the most important factor that affected the price rising of apartment housing in Seoul. Therefore, the policy has to focus to solve the imbalance between autonomous districts with the collaborated tax.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of the eco-friendly factors on the apartment housing price rise and to suggest the desirable way of marketing strategy for apartment housing. For the analysis, the data of apartment sites in Seoul had been collected from September 2006 to February 2007. The data consisted of 95 apartment sites in Seoul. Data were analyzed with descriptives, crosstabs, and discriminant analysis by SPSS/PC for Window. Following result was obtained. The eco-friendly apartment housing price rate in Seoul was determined by eco-friendly landscape, green space rate, house unit size, installment sale price per pyeong, floor space index, distance from subway station when it was not considered the impact of building age, construction company's brand, and autonomous districts. Findings of this research can provide valuable information for marketing strategy of housing construction company.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

This study was accomplished by analyzing the change of land cover pattern in high-rise buildings in Korea. For this study, we selected 15 locations of high-rise buildings. The ratio of average building coverage and paved area was 79.7%, and both green and water area were low, relatively. The biotope area factor of the site showed low percentage by 15.90% due to the underground space development. As a result of correlation analysis between the time of construction and land-cover type, building coverage has been decreased according to the stream of time. However, biotope area factor has been increased And, the paved area has m correlation. It was identified that reducing paved area is effective to enhance the ecological functions of a high-rise building outdoor.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.566-574
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• 2022

Heavy metals are one of the dangerous pollutants that threaten urban biodiversity due to their accumulation over a long period without being decomposed in vivo. Accordingly, there is a need for biological monitoring to compare accumulation concentrations in living organisms according to the degree of heavy metal exposure to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the air in urban areas. This study aims to examine the possibility of using nesting materials as heavy metal monitoring samples and determine the effects of heavy metals on Paridae. We installed 54 artificial nest boxes in the research areas that included campus green spaces (14), urban forests (11), and urban parks (29) on a university campus in Cheonan City, Chungcheongnam Province. The birds' use rate of artificial nest boxes was 11/14 (78.57%) in campus green spaces, 8/11 (72.72%) in urban forests, and 6/29 (20.68%) in urban parks. Moss materials were collected from collected nests, and the heavy metal accumulation characteristics of each type of urban green space and the effects of heavy metals on the success of fledging of Paridae were compared through heavy metal analysis. The analysis showed that the average concentrations of zinc and lead were 228.08±209.62 ㎍/dry g and 17.67 ± 6.72 ㎍/dry g, respectively. There was no significant difference in zinc concentration for each type of urban green space (Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value=0.28), but lead concentration showed a significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05^*). Of the 21 Paridae, nests analyzed for heavy metals, fledging of birds was observed in 11 nests (52.38%). Fledging of birds observed in each urban green space type was 7 campus green spaces (77.78%), 6 in urban forests (85.71%), and 1 in urban park (20%), mainly in urban forests and green spaces on campus. Heavy metal concentrations were compared to check the effect of heavy metal accumulation on the successful fledging of Paridae, but there was no statistically significant difference (Zn: W=44, p-value=0.74, Pb: t=0.64676, df =7.2422, p-value=0.54). This study is a basic study using the nesting materials of Paridae as heavy metal monitoring samples, and it is determined that it can be used as basic data for non-invasive biological monitoring.