• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.199-227
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• 2015

In the twenty-first century, one of the most controversial issues concerns neoliberal policies and its results. In particular, since the mid-1980s, the United States and international financial institutions have imposed their programs on Latin American countries. The result is a deepening social inequality in Latin America that puts an emphasis on financial stability instead of social security. Consequently, social inequality is worsened and an imbalance in income distribution took place. Because of the flexibility of labor, the middle class is destroyed. For the poor person deprived of the opportunity to rise, violence is a common occurrence in daily life. Thus, in this context, Eduardo Galeano raises the necessity of a critique concerning the values that neoliberalism regards as important. Furthermore, Galeano is also wary of the "militarization of neoliberalism." This is because the neoliberal multinationals motivate a war without borders under the guise of peace. Neo-liberal policies also contribute to environmental pollution. However, environmental vandalism, which happens in partnership with large and international organizations, is not readily apparent to the public because those perpetrators wore a "green mask." Hence, Galeano assiduously endeavors to undercover the false consciousness hiding behind the green mask. Thus, in brief summary, Galeano represents in his works a depiction about Latin America where violence often happens in daily life.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the problems of an elementary school care classroom in terms of facilities and physical environment and to suggest an improvement plan for building safer and more pleasant facilities and environment in further proceeding the policies of a whole-day care classroom. To this end, we analyzed the main contents of the domestic policies for elementary school care classes and the related spatial standards amongst the management plans of provincial education offices nationwide. In addition, we analyzed the relevant care facility standards of advanced countries such as the U.S., Australia, and Singapore and diagnosed the physical environmental level of Korean care classes in comparison to the international standards. Afterwards, we conducted a case study of elementary school care classes in order to examine the key issues with the environment of care classes, the causes of these issues and the user recognition and demand. The key results of this research are as follows. First, it is necessary to elaborate and refine the guidelines on elementary school care classrooms. Second, in order to provide high-quality elementary care services, it is important to have a combined classroom that can be operated at the level equivalent to or similar to a dedicated care classroom. Third, it is necessary to regularly check the facilities and environment of the elementary school care classroom.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2022

The World Economic Forum has included Water-Energy-Food among the three major risk groups in the world, and Water-Energy-Food is related to the development strategies of countries and the lives of their citizens. This study calculates the combined Water-Energy-Food use efficiency in China for 2011-2020 based on the SBM-Malmquist index. The results show that the overall combined Water-Energy-Food efficiency in China is low, but shows an upward trend. There is a clear variability in the combined Water-Energy-Food utilization efficiency in China, with an overall geographic distribution pattern of East > Middle > West. Only Beijing and Shanghai have reached the real above effective nationwide, and all other provinces have inefficiency between input and output. The Malmquist index of integrated Water-Energy-Food utilization efficiency is 1.136, with an up ward trend, and technical efficiency and technological progress lead the improvement of integrated Water-Energy-Food utilization efficiency in China at the sametime. The Water-Energy-Food issue should be raised to a strategic level as soon as possible, and policy support should be provided for its development. Each region should establish a cross-regional coordinating body to formulate targeted measures according to the province's food production and water distribution, so as to promote economic transformation from sloppy development to green development as soon as possible.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2023

Economic development has resulted in the concentration of population and industry in the metropolitan area. Additionally, the Republic of Korea is experiencing this phenomenon, with more than half of the population living in the Seoul capital area. To alleviate this concentration of population, the Korean government implemented the new town development policy. Unfortunately, this has led to an increase in the commuting population, causing an imbalance in transportation services due to financial and policy differences in each region. This paper analyzes the level of user satisfaction with mega commuting in three aspects: mobility, accessibility, and connectivity. To objectively assess the level of user satisfaction, which is qualitative data, the Rasch Model is used to analyze the collinearity of user data. The results indicate that the level of user satisfaction differs by region, and service satisfaction with mobility is lower than that with accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, prior to the introduction of new town policies, it is necessary to develop metropolitan transportation infrastructure.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

In accordance with the enactment of 'the Paris Agreement' in 2015 and 'the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Response to the Climate Crisis' in 2021, each local government has set appropriate reduction target of greenhouse gas to achieve the nationally determined contribution (NDC, the reduction target of 40% compared to 2018) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030. In this study, the current distribution of GHG emissions was analyzed in a time series centered on the Chungbuk region for the period from 1990 to 2018, with the aim of reducing GHG emissions in Chungbuk by 2030 based on the 2030 NDC and scenario. In addition, the prospected reduction by 2030 was estimated considering the projected emissions according to Busines As Usual in order to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions. Our results showed that GHG emissions in Chungbuk and Korea have been increasing since 1990 owing to population and economic growth. GHG emissions in 2018 in Chungbuk were very low (3.9 %) relative to the national value. Moreover, emissions from fuel combustion, such as cement and lime production, manufacturing and construction industries, and transportation industries, were the main sources. Furthermore, the 2030 target of GHG emission reduction in Chungbuk was set at 40.2% relative to the 2018 value, in accordance with the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon-zero national scenario. Therefore, when projected emissions were considered, the prospected reduction to achieve the target reduction of GHG emissions was estimated to be 46.8% relative to 2018. The above results highlight the importance of meeting the prospected reduction of GHG emissions through reduction means in each sector to achieve the national and local GHG reduction target. In addition, to achieve the 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon zero, the country and each local government, including Chungbuk, need to estimate projected emissions by year, determine reduction targets and prospect reductions every year, and prepare specific means to reduce GHG emissions.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-204
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• 2022

This study organized data from 2000 to 2014 for 20 grid-connected countries in Europe and analyzed the determinants of carbon emissions through the panel GLS method considering the problem of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. At the same time, the effect of introducing ETS was considered by dividing the sample period as of 2005 when the European emission trading system was introduced. Carbon emissions from individual countries were used as dependent variables, and proportion of generation by each source, power self-sufficiency ratio of neighboring countries, power production from resource-holding countries, concentration of power sources, total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector, tax of electricity, net electricity export per capita, and size of national territory per capita. According to the estimation results, the proportion of nuclear power and renewable energy generation, concentration of power sources, and size of the national territory area per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions both before and after 2005. On the other hand, the proportion of coal power generation, the power supply and demand rate of neighboring countries, the power production of resource-holding countries, and the total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector were found to have a positive (+) effect on carbon emissions. In addition, the proportion of gas generation had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions, and tax of electricity were found to have a positive (+) effect. However, all of these were only significant before 2005. It was found that net electricity export per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions only after 2005. The results of this study suggest macroscopic strategies to reduce carbon emissions to green growth, suggesting mid- to long-term power mix optimization measures considering the electricity trade market and their role.

• 기계와재료
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.96-113
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• 2011

녹색기술 및 친환경 공정의 필요성이 급증함에 따라 재료이용률 향상을 지향하는 차세대 압출공정의 대두가 필요하게 됨에 따라 유압 CNC(Servo) 제어를 이용한 가변단면 압출기술을 개발하게 되었다. 이러한 가변단면 압출(Varied section extrusion, VSE)기술은 공정 중에 압출구를 빠져 나가는 소재의 단면 형상을 변화시켜 재료이용률을 향상을 도모하였으며, 후가공 공정의 생략도 가능하여 국내 압출업체의 생산원가 절감 및 글로벌 기술경쟁력 확보에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 아직은 소수의 선진국에서 시도한바 있으나 양산품 적용에는 생산원가 및 생산속도, 상품성 등에 문제가 있어 자동차 부품 적용에 한계를 보이고 있는 기술이다. 따라서 본 연구팀이 가변단면 압출용 금형을 포함한 최적의 압출공정 및 양산성 문제의 해결점을 거의 확보하고 있는 단계로 세계를 선도하는 리딩기술(Leading technology)을 보유하게 됨으로써 국가의 기술경쟁력 향상에 중요한 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 내용을 요약하여 정리해 보면 첫째로는 CNC 제어 가변단면 압출공정에 대하여 자세하게 소개하고 특징 및 장 단점을 설명하였으며, 자동차 부품군에로의 적용에 많은 이점들을 갖고 있음을 설명하였다. 두 번째로는 가변단면 압출을 위한 이동 금형(Moving die)부품을 갖는 구조의 압출금형에 관하여 기존의 압출금형과 비교하여 설명하였으며, 가변단면 압출용 금형의 구조 및 메커니즘의 최적화를 이루고자 하였다. 세 번째로는 가변단면 압출공정을 실현하기 위한 CNC 제어 압출시스템에 대하여 간략히 설명하였다. 네 번째로는 자동차 부품 적용을 위한 정밀 압출공정으로서 가변단면 압출공정에 대하여 유한요소해석을 통하여 가변단면 압출공정 변수 및 금형 변수 등에 대한 엄격한 검토를 선행적으로 수행하여 양산성 확보를 위한 정보들을 분석 정리하였다. 끝으로는 세 가지 단면형태를 갖는 가변단면 압출제 시제품에 대하여 CNC 제어 가변 단면 압출공정의 상용화 가능성을 확인 적용성 검토를 완료하였다. CNC 제어 가변단면 압출기술은 압출공정에 있어서 많은 경험과 기술적 검토가 선행되어져야 하는 고부가가치 성형공정으로써 재료 이용률을 획기적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 압출공법으로 향후 자동차 부품 뿐만아니라 다양한 알루미늄 제품군에 적용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-22
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide the fruitful directions for the future studies on smart work by analyzing the past and present trends that are related to smart work. For this, a wide range of materials and MA and PhD treatises produced from 1992 to the present have been collected and have been analyzed on the basis of various standards, including objective of study, approach method, methodology, method of data collection, statistical technique of analysis, summary of problems and alternativesto overcome limitations. Lessons and implications of this study for the possibility of smart work are presented. I hope this study will contributeto future studies concerned about smart work.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1D
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The presidential council on national competitiveness and the national police agency have initiated a national project to refresh the road traffic control and operation systems to increase operational efficiency at signalized intersections. It would reduce the number of stops and delay of vehicles at intersections and thus mitigate congestion and emission. Although significant reduction of carbon is expected as a consequential result, such effects has yet been studied since traffic operation was behind of interest in the field of green transportation where planning was mainly involved. This paper delivers the macroscopic effects of carbon reduction of the selected items of the national project: the ones managed by the police agency. The results showed that the studied items yield significant reduction of carbon: pedestrian push button operation, flashing signal operation, progression, lagging left turns, permitted left turn, and actuated left-turn operation would reduce 12.31%, 3.27%, 2.44%, 0.97%, 0.81%, and 0.72% of the total amount of carbon emitted a year in a whole transportation sector, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

Due to the recent emergence of global warming concerns, the UN has made the issue of climate change its top priority. Accordingly, Korea has announced a new national master plan titled, 'Participation in global efforts in climate change through -Low Carbon, Green Growth-'. As part of the plan, the constructions of bicycle path networks are being pushed forward. Although the building of bicycle paths and infrastructure is being implemented, little consideration has been given for bicycle path signage. This essay is the study of methodology in the installation of signs on bicycle paths. The research includes a theoretical study of the standard and installation position of signs with consideration of the geometry of bicycles as well issues such as the distance required for the bicyclist to recognize and understand the road sign and to take actions like stopping, In addition, experimental verification of the test results has been carried out. Also, the test on height of signs by changing the installation heights according to a bicyclist's forward vision angle has been conducted.