• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2010

In a HLW repository, the buffer is exposed to an elevated temperature due to a radioactive decay and geochemical conditions for a long time and such a hydrothermal condition may cause a significant loss of its barrier function. This study carried out hydrothermal tests with a domestic smectite clay to investigate the changes in the expandibility, layer charge, and cation exchange capacity of the smectite. When the temperature and potassium concentration in solution was increased for the hydrothermal treatments, the expandibility decreased, the layer charge negatively increased, and the CEC also decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.575-575
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• 2016

홍수로 인한 주거건물의 경제적 피해는 침수심, 침수기간, 유속 등의 재난인자와 제내지에 노출된 사회 경제적 인자들 간의 복합적인 작용으로 발생하지만, 다차원홍수피해산정법을 비롯한 대부분의 모형에서는 침수심 만을 고려하고 있다. 최근 국외에서는 홍수피해와 영향인자 간의 관계를 규명하여 홍수피해액 평가 시 침수심 외 중요한 기타 인자를 고려하는 연구가 시도된 바 있으나, 국내에서는 이것과 관련한 연구가 그동안 거의 진행된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 주거건물을 대상으로 홍수피해 영향인자를 규명하고자 과거 피해지역을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 설문조사에 앞서 사전 문헌연구를 바탕으로 수리/수문학적 인자, 건물특성인자, 예방인자, 조기경보/조치인자, 사회 경제적인자, 피해인자로 설문항목을 크게 구분하여 설문지를 설계하였다. 설문조사는 2014년 8월에 광범위하게 피해가 발생한 부산광역시를 대상으로 1대1면접조사 방식으로 진행하였으며, 수집된 자료로부터 상관분석, 데이터마이닝 등의 통계적 분석을 통해 침수심 외 몇몇 중요한 피해액 영향인자를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 평가된 홍수피해 영향인자는 향후 홍수피해평가 모델을 개발하거나 홍수피해저감을 위한 세부적인 계획에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.456-456
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• 2017

지구온난화에 의한 태풍강도 증가로 한반도지역은 잠재적 위험성에 항상 노출되어있다. 따라서 본 연구는 한강의 대표적 다목적댐인 소양강댐을 대상으로 한반도 태풍영향을 정량화하고 그에 따른 수문변화특성을 피어슨 상관분석(Pearson Correlation)과 순위 분석(Rank Analysis)을 이용하여 조사하였다. 지오포텐셜 고도자료와 GPCP 강우자료를 분석한 결과 소양강댐의 여름철 유출량 중 태풍에 의한 유출이 크지 않았지만 엘리뇨에서 라니냐로 전환되는 시기의 태풍에 의한 유출량은 반 이상을 차지할 정도로 크게 나타났다. Rank분석결과 태풍발생비율(n/N)에 대한 첨두유량의 변화는 크지만 첨두유량의 발생빈도와 지속시간의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않은 것으로 나타났고 첨두발생시간은 더 지연되는 특성을 보였다. 그러나 High Flow 분석결과에서는 첨두유량과 첨두유량의 발생시기 변화의 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았으나 첨두유량 이상의 유출발생빈도와 지속기간은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 해수면 온도 변화에 따른 대규모 대기 순환패턴과 소양강댐 유역의 수문변화특성의 관계를 파악하기 위한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.669-673
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• 2018

Background and Objectives Tinnitus, a common complaint of workers who are exposed to noise, can cause substantial negative effects on the quality of life of these workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of tinnitus in patients with noise-induced hearing loss and the relationship between tinnitus and the duration of noise exposure. Subjects and Method Thirty-three patients with subjective tinnitus and noise-induced hearing loss were included in this study. Tinnitus questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and audiological examinations were investigated according to the duration of noise exposure. Results There was a significant correlation between the tinnitus loudness and the duration of noise exposure. Patients who had longer periods of noise exposure had a louder tinnitus and higher THI score. However, there is no significant correlation between the characteristics of tinnitus and aging process. Conclusion The duration of noise exposure influences the loudness and distress of tinnitus. An awareness of tinnitus should be considered as part of hearing conservation program.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

There are cases that revoke the certification because of disclosure of private key, deprivation of qualification and the expiration of a term of validity on PKI. So, a user has to confirm the public key whether valid or invalid in the certification. There are many methods such as CRL, Delta-CRL, OCSP for the cert-validation of certification. But these methods have many problems, which cause overload traffic on network and the CRL server because of realtime processing for cert-validation of certification. In this paper we proposed cert-validation of certification improvement method based on FM Subcarrier Broadcasting, which solved problems that are data integrity by different time between transmission and receiving for CRL, and overload traffic on network and the CRL server the realtime management.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

아동은 자아성장의 결정적인 시기로 기초적인 인지적 기술과 사회적 기술을 함께 습득하게 된다. 아동은 전반적인 삶의 과정에서 공동체의 규칙과 가치를 내면화 시키고 사회적 관계의 일원으로서 기초적 토대를 만들어 가는 시기이다. 저소득 취약계층인 지역아동센터 아동은 균형 있게 성장발달 할 수 있도록 다양한 활동과 종합적인 아동복지 서비스가 제공되어야 한다. 하지만, 가족의 해체 또는 기능 상실로 도움이 필요한 아동 및 저소득가정 아동은 그렇지 않은 아동에 비해 상대적으로 사회적 행복과 안전에 대해 취약한 상황에 노출되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 아동의 대인관계와 사회성 발달과업이 중요한 지역아동센터 아동에게 다양한 매체의 장점을 활용하여 사회성집단프로그램이 사회성, 정서적안녕감, 자아탄력성에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서의 목적을 달성하기 위해 연구대상은 경기도 00시 소재의 지역아동센터 이용 아동의 초등학교 3,4,5 학년을 선정 하였다. 연구의 목적과 프로그램의 취지를 설명하고 참가신청서를 받아서 실시하였다. 연구표본 집단구성은 실험집단 30명, 통제집단 30명으로 집단을 구성하여 실시하였다. 연구기간은 2019년 8월부터 2020년 2월까지 실시하였다. 프로그램 운영은 다양한 매체를 활용하여 자유로움과 안전한 분위기를 조성하고 활동을 적극적으로 격려하며 주2회, 6주간, 12회기, 회기당 60분으로 실시하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 SPSS 25.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하고자 한다.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of pork meat quality characteristics exposed to ozone gas for 5, 10, and 15 min and then vacuum packaged during storage for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 day at $4^{\circ}C$. The ozone gas exposed groups of pork loin cuts (OZM) had slightly higher pH value compared to the control at day 0 and 5 (p<0.01). The 15 min exposure of ozone gas groups showed significantly (p<0.01) higher TBARS value than that of control at the day 15 and 20. However, there was no significant difference in all groups at day 0,5, and 10. The CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of OZM showed no significant difference between control and ozone gas treated groups during storage. The loin cut color of ozone gas exposure for 15 min had significantly lower CIE $a^*$ values than the other groups at day 0,5, and 15 (p<0.01). The aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of pork loin cuts exposed ozone gas significantly (p<0.01) was reduced at day 0 by about $0.45-1.04\;log_{10}CFU/g$ and $0.26-0.30\;log_{10}CFU/g$, respectively. As ozone gas exposure time extended, the aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of OZM were increased at day 0, 5, and 10 (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences observed among groups at day 20 in the counts of aerobic and coliform bacteria. In conclusion, the meat cuts exposed to ozone gas for 5 and 10 min before packing may be a reasonable packing method regarding the effects of ozone level on meat oxidation, color change and microbial reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify factors related to the musculoskeletal symptoms of 340 family caregivers who have a patient with brain damage based on self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires included general characteristics, characteristics of care activities and caregivers' musculoskeletal symptoms. Data were collected from many long-term care hospitals and rehabilitation centers during March 17 to March 21, 2014. The results indicated that complaint rates of work-related musculoskeletal systems of the body sites differed. Factor analysis revealed that neck complaints were related to education (under mid), while shoulder complaints were related to sex (female), age (50-59), education (mid) and duration of care (< 2 years). Arm/elbow complaints were related to age (40-49), education (high) and duration of care (12-24). Complaints regarding the hand/wrist/finger were related to age (50-59) and duration of care (12-24), while those associated with the legs/feet were related to age (50-59) and duration of care (< 6[ED highlight - years? Please specify.]). Back problems were related to education (under mid, mid stage, high) and gait. The complaint rate regarding musculoskeletal symptoms during daily life was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis of significant factors related to subjective musculoskeletal symptoms identified ambulation and gait as having the greatest influence and complaint factor among family caregivers. The complaint rate of family caregivers differed among body parts. Being a caregiver for less than one year was found to have a significant impact on pain. Overall, long term family caregivers could be faced with risk factors for musculoskeletal problems, but there are many different factors that affect musculoskeletal symptoms with regards to their activities. Accordingly, comprehensive and systematic prevention plans for family caregivers who have patients with brain damage should be developed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. Methods: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. Results: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. Conclusion: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.11-24
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• 1994

The studies reported here were undertaken to investigate the effects of mercury chloride on immune system of Balb/c mouse employing a flexible tier of in vitro and in vivo assays. Mercury chloride inhibited the proliferative responses of spleen cells to lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and phytohemagglutinin as a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was observed not only when $HgCl_2$ was added 2nd or 3rd day of 3 days culture period but also when spleen cells was pretreated with $HgCl_2$ for 2 hours. Mercury chloride, however, potentiated the production of IgM and IgG from spleen cells. During the $HgCl_2$ administration by drinking for 3 weeks, the weight gain of mice was significantly blunted than that o control group mice, while no overt signs related to mercury toxicity were noted in any mice of experimental group. There was no change in thymus and spleen weights, and in histological findings of kidney, bone marrow of femur, thymus, spleen, and popliteal lymph node after 3 weeks of mercury exposure. However, $HgCl_2$ induced a significant increase of total serum IgM, IgG including $IgG_1,\;IgG_{2a}\;and\;IgG_{2b}$, and IgE in Balb/c mice. Treatment in vivo with anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody significantly abrogated the $HgCl_2$-induced increase in total serum IgG1 and IgE. Whereas $HgCl_2$ potentiated total serum IgM and IgG, there was no difference in total serum hemagglutinin to SRBC (Sheep Red Blood Cell) between experimental and control group mice when these mice were immunized with SRBC. All these findings observed in Balb/c mice suggest that mercury perturbates well-orchestrated regulation of immune responses before developing histopathological changes in lymphoid tissues.