• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2003

A numerical analysis of the pulse-jet cleaning characteristics in a porous ceramic candle filter system was performed. To obtain the detailed velocity and pressure distribution during the cleaning process in a porous filter system, the axi-symmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations including energy conservation equation were solved by using the FLUENT code which adopts FVM (Finite Volume Method). The effects of pulse cleaning nozzle diameter, nozzle tip position, permeability of a porous ceramic candle filter, diffuser throat diameter, and cleaning pressure on the cleaning flow characteristics were investigated extensively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1123-1130
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• 2004

Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of nozzle hole geometry on the combustion characteristics of the large diesel engine. 6S90MC-C. Spray and combustion phenomena were examined numerically using FIRE code. Wane breakup and Zeldovich models were adopted to describe the atomization characteristics and NOx formation processes. Predictions on the cylinder peak pressure and NOx emission were first verified with the experimental data to confirm the reliability of numerical calculations. The comparison results showed good agreements within the range of 0.64% and 4.6% respectively. Finally, the effects of fuel spray angle and diameter on the engine performance were investigated numerically to find the optimum nozzle hole geometry considering fuel consumption, NOx emission and heat flux of the combustion chamber wall. It was concluded that the combustion gas recirculation in cylinder by changing fuel injection direction is an effective method to reduce NOx emission by about 10% with increasing fuel oil consumption, 1.4% in a large diesel engine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.538-546
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• 1989

Effect of liquid viscosity was studied experimentally on the drop size distributions of the liquid sprays from swirl atomizers. Glycerine-Water mixtures were used as test fluids for the experiments. Drop sizes of the liquid sprays were measured with the light scattering method. The concept of the standard deviation was introduced to represent the degree of uniformity of the drop size distributions. Experimental results show that the spray drops become coarser and less uniform with the liquid of higher viscosity. The effect of viscosity on the Sauter mean diameter and the standard deviation appeared to be more significant with the lower injection pressure. It was also confirmed that the Sauter mean diameter increases with the increase of the liquid viscosity and with the decrease of the injection pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Paraffin fuels usually have low combustion efficiency due to discharged unburnt droplets from the nozzle. Therefore, optimization of the post-chamber is becoming an important factor for performance. In this study, combustion experiments were conducted by changing either the length or diameter of the post-chamber to reveal the combustion behavior of paraffin fuel for hybrid rocket. As a result, the combustion efficiency improved due to the increase of the residence time as the post-chamber length increased. On the other hand, it is found that the influence of the diameter change was not significant compared with the case of variable post-chamber length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.202-206
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• 2009

We studied the spray characteristics of the high-speed rotating fuel injection system. The diameter of in-line injection orifices are varied from 1mm to 5mm and the number of in-line injection orifices are varied from 3 to 12. Droplet size, velocity and spray distribution were measured by the PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) system and spray was visualized. From the test results, the liquid column generated from the injection orifice is mainly controlled by the rotational speeds. Also diameter of injection orifices and number of injection orifices have influence on the diameters of droplet. Consequently, we find out that the basic mechanism of controlling the droplet size is the liquid film thickness in the injection orifice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

초음파 비가진 시인 상용분무와 초음파가진 시인 개질분무, 간접진동분무, 간접진동 및 개질의 겸용분무의 네가지 경우 모두에서 분무액적의 평균직경 및 SMD가 전 영역에 걸쳐서 노즐 글에서 분무방향으로 멀어질수록 조금씩 증가했으며, 또한 초음파 비 가진시인 상용분무 경우가 초음파 가진 세경우에 비해 크게 나타났다. 초음파 가진 세가지 경우에서는 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용의 경우에서 분무액적의 미세화가 가장 우세하게 나타났다. 이는 초음파가 분무 축방향 전영역에 걸쳐서 분무액적의 미세화에 친화적임을 입증한다. 나. 분무 방향 축에서 반경 방향으로 갈수록 분무 액적의 평균 직경과 SMD는 감소하고 있으며, 반경방향 전 영역에 걸쳐서 상용 분무시의 액적이 가장 크게, 초음파겸용 경우에서 가장 작게 나타나고 있다. 이는 초음파가 분무 내부 전 영역에 걸쳐 액적의 미세화에 친화적임을 증명한다. 다. 분무액적의 크기에 따른 분무 분포도 비교에서 네가지 경우 모두에서 축 방향 거리가 멀수록 분무액적의 크기가 다소 증가함을 보였고, 축에서 반경 방향으로는 분무액적의 크기가 다소 감소함을 보이고 있다. 상용 분무와 초음파 분무의 비교에서 초음파 겸용 가진시는 상용 분무 때 보다 분무 영역 전반에 걸쳐서 미세화가 뚜렷이 우세함을 보였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2009

Effects of operating variables on solid separation rate in two-interconnected fluidized beds system for selective solid circulation have been investigated. Coarse(212~300 or $425{\sim}600{\mu}m$) and fine($63{\sim}106{\mu}m$) particles were separated using the solid separator and the solid separation rate was ranged from 66 to 987 g/min. The solid separation rate increased as the gas velocity through the solid injection nozzle, solid height, diameter of solid injection nozzle, particle size of coarse particles, aperture of the solid separator, and weight fraction of fines in the solid mixture increased. However, the effect of the fluidization velocity was negligible.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.937-942
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• 2000

The characteristics of spray combustion and dropsize of spray through twin-fluid atomizer was experimentally investigated. The distribution of flame temperature have an effect on the generation of NOx. To investigate there effects, flame temperature with different spray shape was observed. The spray shape was varied by various bluff-bodys. Mean temperature were measured by thermocouple respectively, and NOx concentration was measure by NOx analyser. Distribution of droplet sizes were measured by PMAS. The result showed that the flame with wide distribution has lower temperature and lower NOx emission compared with narrow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2004

벽면에 충돌하는 액체 분무의 충돌 거동과 액적 비산에 관하여 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 액체 분무는 홀노즐에 의해 직경 40mm의 충돌판에 분사하게 된다. 액체 분무는 반경방향으로 퍼져나가 5개의 영역으로 분류되어 나타내게 된다. 난류 혹은 층류 분무의 경우, 충돌판에 충돌한 후 두꺼운 액막을 형성하게 되며, 이러한 상태에서 충돌하는 분무의 비산량은 매우 적으며 충돌 거리에 영향을 받지 않는다. 한편, 파동이 있는 분무의 충돌은 수력도약(Hydraulic jump)과 함께 반경방향으로 엷은 액막을 형성하게 되며 비산율도 증가하게 된다. 액체분무의 초속도가 증가하면 비산율도 증가하게 된다. 분열이 일어난 후에 충돌하는 파동 분무의 비산율은 분열이 일어나기 전에 비해 약 2~3배 정도 크게 나타난다. 비산율은 웨버수(Weber number)를 이용하여 요약할 수가 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Experiments were performed on 140 ml hexane pool fire extinguishment using a twin-fluid nozzle. For this pool fire, the area of the fire source (round shape of 80 mm in diameter) was $0.005027m^2$ and the measured heat release rate was 2.81 kW. The flow rates of water and gas (air and nitrogen) supplied to the twin-fluid nozzle were 156-483 g/min (~0.156-0.483 l/min) and 30-70 l/min, respectively. In the present experimental ranges, the high gas flow rate conditions led to the successful extinguishing of the pool fire. Under the low gas flow rate conditions in the extinguishment regime, the extinguishment time was long and the estimated water consumption was high. Under high gas flow rate conditions, however, the water flow rate conditions did not appear to have a great impact on the extinguishment time and estimated water consumption. On the other hand, in the present experimental ranges, the types of supply gas did not appear to affect the extinguishable flow rate condition, extinguishment time, and estimated water consumption. Finally, using the present experimental results with previous ones using a single-fluid nozzle, the water consumption of twin-fluid and single-fluid nozzles for extinguishing a 140 ml hexane pool fire were preliminarily compared and discussed.