• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.749-757
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• 2017

To cope with the development of alternative fuels and international environmental regulations, this study provides a numerical analysis of the effects of composition and temperature changes of n-decane and ethanol on auto-ignition characteristics. CHEMKIN-PRO is used as the analysis program and the LLNL model is used as the reaction model. The numerical results show that the ignition delay time increases as the mole fraction of ethanol increases for temperatures below 1000 K, where low temperature reactions occur. Because of the high octane number of ethanol, the high percentage of ethanol delays the increase in the concentration of OH radicals that cause ignition. The oxygen concentration in the mixture is changed to apply the exhaust gas recirculation and a numerical analysis is then performed. As the oxygen concentration decreases, the total ignition delay time increases because the nitrogen gas acts as a thermal load in the combustion chamber.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.514-518
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• 2009

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$($CoQ_{10}$), a vitamin E-like substance, represents a components of the complex antioxidant system of the human organism. $CoQ_{10}$ levels in human plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. It was dissociated from lipoproteins by methanol and extracted into n-hexane with liquid-liquid extraction procedure, after centrifugation, the supernatant was dried under nitrogen gas stream. The residue was dissolved in the absolute ethanol. Determination of $CoQ_{10}$ was performed on a $C_{18}$ reversed-phase analytical column with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm and the mobile phase containing 15% (v/v) ethanol in methanol at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min. The low limit of quantitation was 0.02 mg/L (S/N=10), the linearity between the concentration and peak height is from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. Twenty-four randomly selected plasma samples from apparently healthy, 27 to 44 year old individuals (males and females) were analyzed for total $CoQ_{10}$. The average level in these subjects was $0.62{\pm}0.13mg/L$ with the range of 0.41-0.98 mg/L. This method has a specific and a sufficient limit of quantitation (LOQ) for analysis of $CoQ_{10}$ in human plasma in both a clinical study and research at laboratories.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2000

연소특성은 인화성용제들(석유류 및 알코올류 등)의 취급, 저장, 수송에서 포함되어 있는 잠재 위험성을 평가할 때 고려된다. 여러 연소특성 가운데 폭발한계 (explosive limits)는 가연성물질(가스 및 증기)을 다루는 공정 설계 시 고려해야 할 중요한 변수로써, 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 옹기가 혼합하여 일정농도범위 내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다. (중략)

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

In these studies, semibatch emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) as adhesive component and methyl metacrylate (MMA) as coagulant component was carried out in order to investigate the role of surfactant in aqueous phase for polymer cement. It was found that the particle size and concentration of final polymer are affected by surfactant type used. The effect of nonionic surfactants was shown in the decrease of polymer emulsion concentration and small emulsion particle in order of LE-50, NP-50 > CE-50, Tween 20 > TX-405 > Brij 35. In LE and NP (n=7-50) as nonionic surfactant, it could be obtained the stable polymer emulsion of 40% in aqueous phase with average particle size of 250-320 nm using over n=30. On the other hand, the effect of surfactant type in initial reactor charge was shown that when SDS as ionic surfactant was used, the polymer emulsion concentration was constant irrespective of the amount used, whereas CTAB as cationic surfactant and HN-100 as reactive surfactant were shown a tendency to the decrease of that. The effect surfactant type on final polymer particle size was shown in decrease by the order of SDS > CTAB > HN-100.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.443-446
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• 2005

Hydrogen fermentation from food waste was attempted at different hydraulic retention time(HRT, 18-42 h). A continuous reactor fed with ground, alkali-treated and diluted food waste(average VS 4.4%) exhibited stable hydrogen production during 126 days. Hydrogen production depended on HRT, resulting in the maximum values of 25.8 mL $H_2/g\;VS_{added}$, 0.36 mol $H_2/mol\;hexose_{added}$ and 0.91 L $H_2/L/d$ at HRT 30 h. n-Butyrate and isopropanol production increased with hydrogen production increased, while acetate production decreased. The fermentation efficiency ranged from 53.3 to 65.7%, which implied that hydrogen fermentation would substitute conventional acidogenesis of food waste.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2000

One of effective utilization technique of rice husk is known to carbonize it for using as the culture materials. A series of study on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor shows that the carbonized rice husk produced have a strong alkalinity. Therefore, carbonized rice husk produced by a cyclone combustor is required to neutralize with proper normality. This work is the third part of a series on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor. In this work, the development of neutralization process was carried out in the range of experimental conditions recommended in the previous study. Those include the preheat temperature of combustion chamber of T1b=1273∼1373K, equivalence ratio =1.68∼2.17, auxiliary gas flow rates Qg=5.15∼6.43$\ell$/min. The injection technique of dilute acid was employed for neutralization. At the lower position of the outside of combustor, a dilute nitric acid selected as neutralization liquid was injected to the carbonized rice husk exhausted from the combustion chamber. The normalities of dilute nitric acid were varied to 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05N, respectively. The injection flow rates of the solution were changes from 1.7∼4$\ell$/min. The required carbonized and neutralized rice husk could be obtained at the dilute nitric acid with normality of 0.3N and flow rate of dilute nitric acid of 2∼3.5$\ell$/min. However, the carbonized and neutralized rice husks of about 10∼20% were destroyed by spray with high injection pressure.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.230-240
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• 2008

In order to synthesize polymer particle containing inorganic material, styrene and nbutylmetacrylate were copolymerized with alumina by dispersion polymerization. The ratio in weight of styrene to n-butyl methacrylate was 3:1. Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidon) and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) were added as stabilizer and as initiator, respectively. The change of particle size was investigated with concentration of initiator, the type of medium, the mixed solubility parameter (${\delta}_{mix}$) of medium, and coupling agent. The enhancement in concentration of initiator resulted in slight increase of particle size. The increase of polarizability in medium also yielded the increase of particle size. In case of changing the ratio of isopropanol to distilled water, we could find relationship of $[{\delta}_{mix}]^{-4.01}\;{\propto}$ particle size and $[{\delta}_{mix}]^{-0.83}\;{\propto}$ particle size distribution(PSD). The type and the concentration of coupling agent showed no effect on the particle size and PSD.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.549-554
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• 2008

In order to synthesize polymer particle containing inorganic material, styrene and n-butylmethacrylate were copolymerized with alumina by dispersion polymerization. The weight ratio of styrene to n-butylmethacrylate was 3 : 1. A poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidon) was added as stabilizer. 2,2'-AzobisCisobutyronitrile) and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane were used as initiator and coupling agent, respectively. The weight ratio of 70 : 30 of isopropanol to distilled water was used as dispersion medium. According to the TEM measurement, we could confirm that alumina was dispersed into the polymer particle. The increase 'of concentration of alumina resulted in enhancement of particle size, but decreased its distribution. By the XRD method, it was found that the increase of alumina concentration showed the increase of intensity in peak and the increased 2$\theta$ value. From the TGA measurement, the increase of alumina concentration caused high heat resistance of the polymer. With respect to the type of initiator, the longer half life of initiator, the smaller particle size. We also found that the increase of particle stabilizer concentration made the decreased of particle size due to the accelerated generation of polymer particle in the early stage of reaction.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.278-295
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• 2021

China's shutdown due to COVID-19 in 2020 reduced air pollutant emissions, which is located on the windward side of South Korea. The positive temperature anomaly and negative zonal wind anomaly from northern Mongolia to South Korea through eastern China presented warm and stationary air masses during January and February 2020. Decreased concentrations of PM10, NO₂, and O₃ were measured at Seokmo-ri and Pado-ri, located in the central-western region of South Korea, due to decreased emissions in China from January to March 2020. After China's shutdown from January to March 2020, in Pado-ri, the ratio of monthly average concentrations in that period with those of PM10 and O₃ in the last four years decreased by approximately 0.7-4.7% and 9.2-22.8%, respectively. In January 2020, during the Lunar New Year holidays in China, concentrations of PM10, NO₂, and O₃ at Seokmo-ri and Pado-ri decreased just as much as it did during the same period in the last four years. However, average concentrations in January 2020 decreased before and after the Lunar New Year holidays in China when compared with those in January of the last four years. In Seokmori, ratios of actual and predicted values (${\bar{O}_s$/M) for PM10, NO₂, and O₃ concentrations were calculated as 70.8 to 89.7%, 70.5 to 87.1%, and 72.5 to 97.1%, respectively, during January and March 2020. Moreover, those of Pado-ri were 79.6 to 93.5%, 67.7 to 84.9%, and 83.7 to 94.6%, respectively. In January 2020, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) data showed a higher distribution than that of the last four years due to photochemical reactions in regions from northern Mongolia to eastern China and the Korean Peninsula. However, the decrease in AOD values compared with those of the last four years was attributed to the decrease in emissions of precursors that generate secondary aerosols in China during March 2020.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.390-394
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• 2011

Vapor liquid equilibria were measured for the binary systems of ditetrahydrofurfurylpropane (DTHFP) and some solvents such as cyclohexane, n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, and water. Binary vapor liquid equilibria were measured for the diluted concentration range of DTHFP. NRTL model was used to analyze the measured data. With the experimental data, binary interaction parameters of the NRTL model were regressed.