• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of ambiguity aversion on the self-protection and self-insurance efforts using a two-period model to consider the time difference between making an effort and occurring loss, which is in contrast with the existing one-period model. The loss follows a binary distribution while the distribution is ambiguous. The distribution depends on the state variable. First, the effort of ambiguity averse individuals is not always greater than that of ambiguity neutral ones. Second, the effects of absolute ambiguity aversion (AAA), which does not appear in one-period model, were observed. Not-increasing AAA is a sufficient condition to increase the efforts of ambiguity averse individuals compared to those of ambiguity neutral ones. In addition, the change in effort also depends on the probability function of the state. Lastly, the results hold even when the individual is risk neutral or risk loving. As a result, ambiguity aversion needs to be considered independently with risk aversion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.17-30
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships among information search activities, of which perceived risk, cognitive dissonance, and involvement play a role. A survey of 155 students who have a recent experience on information search activities. Total six hypotheses the research already reported on information search effort, thereby giving decision maker a richer understanding of information search behavior.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.134-142
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in lung functions of smokers according to the presence of carcinogenic genetic-metabolizing enzymes by comparing the results of lung functions and the presence of genetic metabolizing enzymes that metabolize tobacco substances. To achieve this, 31 smokers without no illness and no psychiatric history were selected (28 males and 3 females); they were aged 20 to 27 years and were physically and mentally healthy students attending K University. Their lung functions were measured, and gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) related to metabolic activation of tobacco components and gene polymorphism of tumor protein 53 (TP53) related to lung cancer were analyzed. As a result, the mean values of lung function of TT and Arg / Arg without genetic mutations were the highest, and ANOVA analysis of CYP1A1 and lung functions showed that the P-value of FVC was 0.049, which was different between groups. In other words, there is no high mutation in Cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene, which is associated with the metabolic activation of tobacco components. In other words, In the absence of the mutant Cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene, which is associated with the metabolic activation of tobacco components, the value of FVC was high.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.205-237
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• 2005

This paper analyzes a mechanism through which product market competition affects allocation of the managerial efforts. There are two types of firms, incumbents and entrants. Each incumbent firm delegates its control to a manager and cannot observe the manager's total effort. The managers of incumbent firms allocate their effort to two different activities: cost reduction (productive effort) and rent protection (unproductive effort). An increase in competition, measured by the number of incumbent firms, has two effects: an "output effect" which decreases the managerial incentive for productive effort, and an "effort substitution effect" that makes managers exert more productive effort and less unproductive effort. This paper identifies the conditions under which product market competition lowers the cost of providing incentives for productive effort and hence, to the conclusion that increased competition leads to increased efficiency.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.111-120
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• 2018

최근 농촌 고령화와 노동력 부족, 경지면적의 감소, 이상기후에 따른 환경 변화, 시장개방에 따른 무한경쟁 상태에 놓인 국내 농업의 어려운 상황 속에서 스마트팜은 미래 농업의 새로운 트렌드로 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 스마트팜의 기술수용의도에 미치는 영향요인들을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 스마트팜 도입 확산을 위한 제언을 하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 스마트팜 수용의도에 가장 영향을 미치는 요인으로 통합기술수용이론(UTAUT)을 근거로 스마트팜의 기술적 특성과 노력기대를 제시하였다. 실제 농업에 종사하고 있는 농업인들을 대상으로 수집한 설문결과를 자료분석에 사용하였으며, 독립변수로는 스마트팜의 기술적 특성으로 가용성, 신뢰성, 경제성을 선정하여 종속변수인 스마트팜 수용의도에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하였고, 노력기대의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 스마트팜의 기술적 특성 중 가용성과 경제성은 스마트팜 수용의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 신뢰성은 스마트팜 수용의도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 스마트팜의 기술적 특성인 가용성, 신뢰성, 경제성은 스마트팜 노력기대에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 스마트팜에 대한 노력기대는 스마트팜의 기술적 특성과 독립적으로 스마트팜 수용의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과와 관련해서는, 스마트팜에 대한 노력기대는 스마트팜의 기술적 특성인 가용성, 신뢰성, 경제성과 스마트팜 수용의도간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 농업인들의 스마트팜 도입을 촉진시키기 위해서는 스마트팜 기술의 안정적 기능 수행을 체감할 수 있는 전문적인 현장실습교육 프로그램, 기기 및 통신의 표준화, 스마트팜 도입에 따른 투자대비 수익성 변화의 구체적 제시, 양질의 환경 생육 데이터 수집 및 활용 체계 구축이 필요함을 시사한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.90-115
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• 2001

본 연구는 서비스 접점에서 서비스 실패가 일어나는 경우 기업의 복구노력이 고객의 만족에 마치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 먼저 서비스 실패에 대한 기업의 복구노력이 갖는 의미를 살펴보고, 서비스 복구노력이 고객의 만족과정에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지에 대하여 항공산업을 연구대상으로 기대불일치이론, 정당성이론 및 귀인이론을 적용하여 다양한 관점에서 실증 분석하였다. 특히 기대불일치이론 및 정당성이론에 관한 선행 연구들을 상세히 고찰하고, 이러한 이론적 관점에서 서비스 실패 후 기업의 복구노력이 고객의 만족과정에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지를 다중회귀분석 및 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. 또한 조직행동론의 연구결과를 이용하여 서비스 실패에 대한 귀인적 추론결과가 소비자의 만족과정에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다

• Defense and Technology
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• no.4 s.218
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• pp.64-75
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• 1997

JSF의 기술완성 노력은 예산 범위내에서 낮은 기술 리스크로 기술 및 제작발전단계에 진입하고, 종국적으로 JSF의 생산단계에 진입토록 할 수 있는 기술을 찾아내서 완성시키는 데 중점을 둔다. 기술완성 노력에서 일차적으로 중점을 두는 분야는 예산 가용성, 지원성, 생존성, 치명성 등에 크게 기여할 수 있는 것으로 확인된 기술 분야이다. 기술완성 노력은 비행시스템, 추진 기관등 기술분야를 커버하는 7개의 통합 생산팀에 의해 관리된다

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-32
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• 2020

This study analyzed the effects of ICT technical characteristics of agricultural industry on smart farm entrepreneurial intention by using smart farm effort expectation and smart farm acceptance intention as mediators for smart farm pre-founders. Sub-variables of the technical characteristics of agricultural industry ICT were classified into availability, economics, data convergence and scalability. 349 questionnaires collected from pre-founders living in the country were used for empirical analysis. SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.4 were used to analyze the data based on serial multiple mediation model. First, economics and scalability had a positive (+) effect on start-up intention. Second, availability, economics and scalability had a significant effect on effort expectation. Third, effort expectation had a significant positive effect on acceptance intention. Fourth, acceptance intention had a significant positive effect on start-up intention. Fifth, the indirect effects of economics on start-up intention were all significant through effort expectation, through acceptance intention and through both effort expectation and acceptance intention. Sixth, the indirect effect of data convergence on start-up intention was significant through acceptance intention. Seventh, the indirect effect of scalability on start-up intention was significant through effort expectation and through both effort expectation and acceptance intention. As a follow-up study, it is necessary to study for the mediating variables other than mediators introduced in the study or the moderated mediation analysis through the conditional process model in which the moderating variable is introduced.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 2011

It is important to consider an equitable allocation framework for domestic GHG emission reduction. First, the study established criteria and indicators for the National Allocation Plan (NAP) based on the principles of cost-efficiency and social-acceptance, and performed a case study of the sectoral effort sharing method, using the effort sharing index. The equity analysis of effort sharing based on sectoral preferences and inter-sectoral equity using a Lorenz Curve are performed. The equitable method is more likely to be suitable than the economic one which considers just reduction potential. Equitable effort sharing reflects a higher level of equity than economic effort sharing. At the same time, the equitable effort sharing method is essential for reflecting equity and establishing criteria for equity because evaluation with the equitable effort sharing method depends in particular on the weight of equity criteria. The result suggests the importance of consideration of equity and the establishment of equity criteria. In conclusion, it is critical to consider not only cost-efficiency but equity in policy decision making in terms of the sectoral effort sharing for national GHG reduction target.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.230-242
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• 2005

Background : Spirometry should be compared with the normal predictive values obtained from the same population using the same procedures, because different ethnicity and different procedures are known to influence the spirometry results. This study was performed to obtain the normal predictive values of the Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second($FEV_1$), Forced Expiratory Volume in 6 Seconds($FEV_6$), and $FEV_1/FVC$ for a representative Korean population. Methods : Based on the 2000 Population Census of the National Statistical Office of Korea, stratified random sampling was carried out to obtain representative samples of the Korean population. This study was performed as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea in 2001. The lung function was measured using the standardized methods and protocols recommended by the American Thoracic Society. Among those 4,816 subjects who had performed spirometry performed, there was a total of 1,212 nonsmokers (206 males and 1,006 females) with no significant history of respiratory diseases and symptoms, with clear chest X-rays, and with no significant exposure to respiratory hazards subjects. Their residence and age distribution was representative of the whole nation. Mixed effect models were examined based on the Akaike's information criteria in statistical analysis, and those variables common to both genders were analyzed by regression analysis to obtain the final equations. Results : The variables affecting the normal predicted values of the FVC and $FEV_6$ for males and females were $age^2$, height, and weight. The variables affecting the normal predicted values of the $FEV_1$ for males and females were $age^2$, and height. The variables affecting the normal predicted values of the $FEV_1/FVC$ for male and female were age and height. Conclusion : The predicted values of the FVC and $FEV_1$ was higher in this study than in other Korean or foreign studies, even though the difference was < 10%. When compared with those predicted values for Caucasian populations, the study results were actually comparable or higher, which might be due to the stricter criteria of the normal population and the systemic quality controls applied to the whole study procedures together with the rapid physical growth of the younger generations in Korea.