• Title/Summary/Keyword: 노동시장 변화

Search Result 310, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

A Study on the Career Mobility of Reporters at Local Newspapers (지역신문 기자들의 경력 이동 연구)

  • Lim, Yeon Hee
    • Korean journal of communication and information
    • /
    • v.78
    • /
    • pp.177-205
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study set out to investigate the reality of local press and changes to the occupational identity of reporters through the job mobility of reporters at local newspapers. The study examined what reasons the reporters had when they retired from one of three paper newspapers in Daejeon, where they moved to, and how their career mobility was. Some of them remained in the field of journalism including paper newspapers of the same kind and Internet newspapers, and others moved to various areas including politics, administration, academy, economy, and culture and art. The biggest number of them said they left their old paper newspapers because of poor wages and welfare benefits and absence of future visions. Their decision of leaving their old paper newspapers was also influenced by restructuring, restrictions to coverage and reporting, and great workload. Before the IMF foreign currency crisis in 1997, the press labor market was a typical internal labor market with the practitioners joining a newspaper in open recruitment and climbing up the promotion ladder from a common reporter through Deputy Head and Head of a department to Director of a bureau. The emergence of new media and the financial difficulties of newspaper corporations were currently making the internal labor market worse. Reporters made active use of social capital such as regionalism, alumni ties, and news beats rather than changing jobs by increasing their professionalism through self-development, thus causing side effects including the weakened supervision and criticism functions of local newspapers and damaging their occupational identity as reporters.

  • PDF

The Effect of the Extended Benefit Duration on the Aggregate Labor Market (실업급여 지급기간 변화의 효과 분석)

  • Moon, Weh-Sol
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
    • /
    • v.32 no.1
    • /
    • pp.131-169
    • /
    • 2010
  • I develop a matching model in which risk-averse workers face borrowing constraints and make a labor force participation decision as well as a job search decision. A sharp distinction between unemployment and out of the labor force is made: those who look for work for a certain period but find no job are classified as the unemployed and those who do not look for work are classified as those out of the labor force. In the model, the job search decision consists of two steps. First, each individual who is not working obtains information about employment opportunities. Second, each individual who decides to search has to take costly actions to find a job. Since individuals differ with respect to asset holdings, they have different reservation job-finding probabilities at which an individual is indifferent between searching and not searching. Individuals, who have large asset holdings and thereby are less likely to participate in the labor market, have high reservation job-finding probability, and they are less likely to search if they have less quality of information. In other words, if individuals with large asset holdings search for job, they must have very high quality of information and face very high actual job-finding probability. On the other hand, individuals with small asset holdings have low reservation job-finding probability and they are likely to search for less quality of information. They face very low actual job-finding probability and seem to remain unemployed for a long time. Therefore, differences in the quality of information explain heterogeneous job search decisions among individuals as well as higher job finding probability for those who reenter the labor market than for those who remain in the labor force. The effect of the extended maximum duration of unemployment insurance benefits on the aggregate labor market and the labor market flows is investigated. The benchmark benefit duration is set to three months. As maximum benefit duration is extended up to six months, the employment-population ratio decreases while the unemployment rate increases because individuals who are eligible for benefits have strong incentives to remain unemployed and decide to search even if they obtain less quality of information, which leads to low job-finding probability and then high unemployment rate. Then, the vacancy-unemployment ratio decreases and, in turn, the job-finding probability for both the unemployed and those out of the labor force decrease. Finally, the outflow from nonparticipation decreases with benefit duration because the equilibrium job-finding probability decreases. As the job-finding probability decreases, those who are out of the labor force are less likely to search for the same quality of information. I also consider the matching model with two states of employment and unemployment. Compared to the results of the two-state model, the simulated effects of changes in benefit duration on the aggregate labor market and the labor market flows are quite large and significant.

  • PDF

A Dynamic Panel Analysis of the Determinants of Adoption of Industrial Robots (동적 패널모형을 이용한 산업용 로봇 도입의 결정요인 분석)

  • Jeong, Jin-Hwa;Im, Dong-Geun
    • Journal of Technology Innovation
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.173-198
    • /
    • 2018
  • In this paper, we analyze the determinants of the adoption of industrial robots using the data from 42 countries, and thereby examine the factors underlying the rapid expansion of industrial robots in Korea. To this end, the industrial robot data for the years 2001-2016 were drawn from the World Robotics dataset of the International Federation of Robotics (IFR). The explanatory variables included labor market environment variables and innovation capacity variables extracted from the dataset of the relevant international organizations. For data analysis, the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel analysis was performed to control for the endogeneity problem of some explanatory variables. The empirical results confirmed the exceptionally rapid expansion of industrial robots in Korea as compared to other countries, even when considering the national income level, employment cost, and innovation capacity. This phenomenon could be attributed to both the demand-side and supply-side factors. For one thing, changes in the labor market environment, such as an increase in employment costs, have led to an increase of the corporate demand for industrial robots. For another, the supply-side factors, such as an increase in the capital intensity and innovation capacity of companies, have also contributed to the widespread adoption of industrial robots.

A Method and Application of Constructing an Aggregating Indicator : Regional Descent Work Index in Korea (종합지표 작성 방법 및 적용: 우리나라 지역별 좋은 일자리 지수)

  • Kang, Gi-Choon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.153-159
    • /
    • 2019
  • Job creation is the most important issue in the labor market these days, and the quality of jobs is also very important in order to resolve the mismatches that are taking place in the labor market. Kim Young-min (2014) developed the "2012 Quality of Employment Index" with twenty indicators in seven categories, including employment opportunities, to objectively assess the local labor market. This method presents the concept of the aggregate indicator, 'Quality of Work Index', and has the advantage of being easy to produce. However, it is difficult to statistically verify the adequacy of the constitutive indicators and, based on this, make them a single aggregate index through statistical techniques. Therefore, we developed an alternative '2012 Descent Work Index' and a confidence interval using Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Unobserved Component Model(UCM) presented by Gi-Choon Kang & Myung-jig Kim (2014) and also calculated an alternative '2017 Descent Work Index' using the first half of 2017 local area labour force survey and compared its changes by region. The results of the empirical analysis show that the rank correlation coefficient between two methods of aggregating indicators, simple weight used in Young-min Kim's research, PCA method and UCM used in this study, were found to be statistically significant under 5% significance level. This implies that all methods are found to be useful. However, the PCA and UCM which determine scientific and objective weights based on data are preferred to Young-min Kim's approach. Since it provides us not only the level of aggregate indicator but also its confidence intervals, it is possible to compare ranking with the consideration of statistical significance. Therefore, it is expected that the method of constructing an aggregating indicator using UCM will be widely used in many areas in the future.

The Effects of Technological Progress on Growth, Employment and Distribution (성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배에 대한 기술진보의 파급효과)

  • Im, Yang-Taek
    • Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
    • /
    • 2005.02a
    • /
    • pp.220-267
    • /
    • 2005
  • 본 연구의 분석목표는 순요소증가형 CES 생산함수를 실증적으로 추정함으로써 한국 제조업부문의 기술변화의 유형을 규명하고 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배에 대한 기술진보의 파급효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이 분석결과를 토대로 하여, 본 연구는 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 동시적으로 추구할 수 있는 정책방향을 기술경제 패러다임의 시각에서 제시하였다. 본 연구의 실증적 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다 : 한국 제조업부문의 기술변화의 유형은 Hicks형 비(非)중립적인 자본사용적(B(t)>0) 즉 노동절약적 기술진보인 것으로 추정되었다. 이 결과, 잠재적 고용수준은 감소될 수밖에 없었다. 또한, Hicks형 중립적 기술진보를 나타내는 총요소생산성 증가율(${\gamma}$)은 감소하였던 반면에, 비(非)중립적 기술진보를 나타내는 요소간 대체탄력도(${\sigma}$)와 자본집약도(${\delta}$)는 증가하였다. 이에 따라 노동(L)이 자본(K)으로 광범위하게 대체되었을 뿐만 아니라, 자본투입(K)이 노동투입(L)보다 상대적으로 더 빠르게 증가 (K/K > L/L 즉 k/k > 0)되었다. 이 결과, 소득분배구조가 악화 (S/S< 0)된 것으로 추정되었다. 그러므로, 오늘날 경제성장의 한계 봉착, 대량실업의 폭발, 계층간 갈등의 심화를 초래한 요인은, 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 동시적으로 추구하는 산업 ${\cdot}$ 기술경제정책을 일관성있게, 또한 과감히 추진하지 않았던 결과, 노동사용적 중소기업의 몰락, 노동의 생산효율성 증진을 위한 인적자본 투자의 미흡, 자본의 생산효율성 증진을 위한 자본절약적 기술진보의 저조, 총요소 생산성 증가의 부진, 만성적인 인플레이션에 의한 실질 임금수준의 하락 및 실물 자산가치의 상승 등이라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배의 조화는 바로 노동효율 증가형 기순혁신이며, 이를 위한 인적자본에의 투자라고 말할 수 있다. 본 연구가 기술경제 패러다임(techno-economic paradigm)의 시각에서 제시하는 한국경제의 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 위한 정책방향은 다음과 같은 동태적발전과정으로 요약할 수 있다 : 기초과학연구능력 확충 ${\rightarrow}$ 소화 ${\cdot}$ 흡수 ${\cdot}$ 개량 ${\rightarrow}$ 토착화 능력의 배양 ${\rightarrow}$ 자체기술개발, 선진기술 도입, 산업간 및 산업내 기술확산, 국제기술협력 ${\rightarrow}$ 기술혁신의 촉진 ${\rightarrow}$ 총요소생산성과 기업경쟁력(자원 및 역량, 프로세스 경쟁력, 품질경쟁력, 시장경쟁력, 고객성과, 시장성과, 재무성과)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 가격경쟁력(임금, 금리, 물류비용, 환율 등)과 비(非)가격경쟁력(디자인, 에프터서비스, 품질, 운송 등)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국가경쟁력의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국제수지 흑자 ${\rightarrow}$ 성장 ${\rightarrow}$ 물가 및 고용 안정 ${\rightarrow}$ 분배 ${\rightarrow}$ 최대다수의 최대행복이다.

  • PDF

Projecting Future Change in the Female Labor Force based on Historical Experiences of Other Developed Countries: Implications for the Effects of Changing Population Structure on the Size of the Workforce (선진국의 역사적 사례에 기초한 여성경제활동인구 변화 전망 : 인구구조 변화가 노동인력규모에 미치는 영향에 대한 함의)

  • Lee, Chulhee;Kim, Claire Kyu-yeon
    • Journal of Labour Economics
    • /
    • v.42 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1-29
    • /
    • 2019
  • This study estimates how changes in the female (aged 25 to 54) labor force participation rate (LFPR) following the historical experiences of the US and Japan would alter the future trend of the female economically active population by 2065, compared to the case in which the LFPR as of 2018 will remain unchanged. According to the results, the female labor force aged 25 to 54 will increase by 14% (about 797,000) and 15% (about 831,000), respectively, by 2042 if the female LFPR should change following the past trends of the US and Japan. In particular, the increase in the labor force is expected to be pronounced among females aged 30 to 44 who currently suffer high rates of job severance. The results of this study strengthen the prediction that the on-going population changes will not reduce much the overall economically active population in the near future. The result of a simulation based on the historical experiences of Japan suggests that, as least in the near future, policy efforts to encourage female labor supply will be more effective in alleviating the potential labor-market impacts of population changes, compared to policies aiming at increasing old-age employment.

  • PDF

The Effects of Career Orientation on the Entrepreneurial·Reemployment Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects of the Social Capitals (경력지향성이 창·재취업의도에 미치는 영향연구: 사회적자본의 매개효과를 중심으로)

  • Kang, Gyung Lan;Par, Cheol Woo
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2017.08a
    • /
    • pp.15-35
    • /
    • 2017
  • The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors which effect the intention to reemploy after the retirement and the mediation effect of the social capitalism for retired and prospective retired baby boomers. Starting from 2010, baby boomers have been retiring at a large scale. However retirement at a large scale without securing provision for fiancial wise in later life can lead to many issues regarding social and fiancial wise such as instability of labour market and increase of spending in society welfare cost and such on. Change of individual's self prospective and institutional support to help prepare find new career for next 3decade after the retirement needs to be concretized. Also, while in the work force, potential retiring baby boomer workers should be systematically supported with education, training and reemployment program based on individual's career orientation and allowing them to stay for a longer period in the labour market can be the implication to the solution for the economic stability and increasing social cost such as public pensions.

  • PDF

한국노동시장(韓國勞動市場)의 동태적(動態的) 구조분석(構造分析)

  • Jang, Hyeon-Jun
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.27-42
    • /
    • 1987
  • 본논문(本論文)에서는 우리나라의 노동시장(勞動市場)의 구조(構造)를 동학적(動學的)으로 살펴보고 이에 따른 정책과제(政策課題)를 도출(導出)하기 위해 취업(就業)과 실업상태(失業狀態)를 번갈아 움직이는 노동자(勞動者) 행태(行態)의 결정요인(決定要因)을 실증분석(實證分析)하였다. 분석방법(分析方法)으로는 직업탐색이론(職業探索理論)을 이용(利用)하여 이론적(理論的)인 가설(假說)을 도출(導出)하였고, 계량적(計量的) 검증(檢證)을 위해 회귀모형(回歸模型)을 정형화(定型化)하였다. 통계자료(統計資料)는 1985년(年) 한해 동안의 "경제활동인구조사(經濟活動人口調査)"의 매월(每月) "테이프"에서 같은 근로자(勤勞者)를 11개월(個月) 동안 추적하여 분석(分析)을 위한 표본(標本)으로 이용(利用)하였다. 임금(賃金)은 취업(就業)에서 실업(失業)으로 변화(變化)할 확률(確率)에 대해 부(負)의 효과(效果)를 보이고 실업(失業)에서 벗어나 재취업(再就業)할 확률(確率)에도 부(負)의 효과(效果)를 나타내어 이론(理論)에서 도출(導出)된 가설(假設)이 검증(檢證)되었다. 연령(年齡)이 상태간(狀態間) 이동(移動)에 미친 효과(效果)는 부(負)의 값을 보였다. 그러나 이 효과(效果)는 일정한 연령(年齡)이 지나면 정(正)의 효과(效果)로 바뀌는 비선형성(非線型性)을 보였다. 이러한 결과(結果)에 입각(立脚)하여 우리는 높은 임금(賃金)을 받는 근로자(勤勞者)일수록 이직(移職)의 가능성(可能性)이 낮고 또한 실업상태(失業狀態)에서 재취직(再就職)의 가능성(可能性)이 낮다는 사실(事實) 등을 알 수 있다. 이에 따른 정책적(政策的) 시사점(示唆點)의 하나는 직업훈련(職業訓鍊)을 단순히 양적(量的)으로 확대(擴大)하기보다는 연령체계(年齡體系)에 맞추어 그 내용을 질적(質的)으로 조정(調整)하는 것이 바람직하다는 것이다.

  • PDF

Family, State, and Community Sources of Income Stability (가족.국가.공동체의 소득 안정화 효과 분석)

  • Hong, Kyung-Zoon
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
    • /
    • v.54
    • /
    • pp.321-345
    • /
    • 2003
  • Aggregate income stability depends heavily on labor market institutions that stabilize or de-stabilize earnings. But, with the expansion of sate welfare programmes, public income transfers are also important sources of income stability for individual and families. Moreover, income stability is determinant factor of individual and family well being, there are another strategies of income stability in society. Family-based and community-based strategies are particularly important. Accordingly, the distribution of income stability in a given society depends on such institutional arrangements as market, family, state, and community. The purpose of this study is to analyse the income stabilizing role of family, state, and community. I found that stabilizing effect of the family and community was very strong in Korea. When institutional features of labor market and the state leave individuals exposed to market risk, they may be respond by relying more on family-based or community-based strategies of income stabilization. But, I can't deny the possibility of an inadequacy of these strategies in according to the rapid changes of family structures and informal networks. Therefore, state-based strategies of income stabilization should be more strengthened in Korea.

  • PDF

The Effect of Performance-based Pay System on Wage Determination - Focused on the Personnel Data of a Korean Large Firm during IMF financial crisis - (우리나라 기업의 성과급제 도입효과 - IMF 외환위기 전후 대기업 인사데이터를 중심으로 -)

  • Eom, Dong-Wook
    • Journal of Labour Economics
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.29-66
    • /
    • 2006
  • This study investigates the structural change of wage determination within internal labor market that have occurred around the financial crisis in 1997 by using the personnel data(1996~2000) of a Korean large firm. We take the effect of performance-based pay system to apply on wage determination of workers using Mincerian earnings function estimation. After introducing the annual salary system in the firm, we did not find the fact that the wage effect of seniority decreases, but we found the wage effect of relative evaluation ratings increases. Then, this study identifies the importance of the reward strategy of firm in Korean internal labor market. Finally, we have concluded that although the firm acknowledged the positive effects of performance-based HRM practices, we have not obtained enough evidence on the transformation into such practices because the seniority-based HRM has been traditionally prevalent in the Korean internal labor market.

  • PDF