• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

This study compares the safety of nail products by reviewing domestic and foreign literature for preparing a safety management plan for reduction of human body exposure to hazardous substances that occur in nail products. We analyzed the cases of exceeding the limit value of hazardous substances. In domestic artificial nail adhesive and nail tip, toluene content was 40.3 times higher than the standard value, chloroform was 22.8 times, and antimony was 15.4 times. In developed countries, it is obligatory to provide material safety data and workplace ventilation equipment through various policy researches. However, there is no safety standard in Korea. Therefore, if the regulations for safety management should be established with each characteristic of nail product, work environment, workers, and consumers, and the awareness of hazardous substance cosmetics should be improved through development and dissemination of various educational programs, it can contribute to disease prevention and health promotion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.535-542
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• 2015

As the nail industry has grown, concerns on damages to natural nails due to nail services and interests on nail products have been increased. This study is on nail convergent strengtheners which reduce damages on natural nails, and especially focused on the use and awareness of nail strengtheners by nail technicians. First, documentary research on previous studies was conducted to define nail services, nail damages, and nail strengtheners. Preliminary survey and main survey was conducted by KSDC on-line survey tool and the result was analyzed by frequency analysis, cross analysis, and correlation analysis by KSDC advanced statistical program. As a result, nail technicians have the high level of awareness on characteristics, effects, how to use, and application process of nail strengtheners. Nail technicians are the mid level of awareness on the ingredients of nail strengtheners.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2016

To treat a kind of nail damage, this study proceeded with gel polish procedure oriented to 19 women in their twenties and thirties, dividing into three experimental groups, such as the A group with non-treatment (n=6), the B group taking Nutritional Convergent supplement (n=6), and the C group simultaneously taking Nutritional Convergent supplement and Nail Convergent Strengthener (n=7), and inquired into the superficial change of nails, changes of thickness, analysis of damage degree and satisfaction rate. The analysis shows that the C group simultaneously applied with dietary supplement and complex nail supplement presented the best result in all areas. As for the morphological changes of the surface of nails measured by the scanning electron microscope, there were definite changes as compared with the B group. According to the result, it is proved that complex dietary supplement helps to improve the thickness and the surface of damaged nails and it is reasoned that a higher effect can be expected when complex nail supplement is simultaneously used.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.703-716
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• 2022

This study was conducted with students who had experience in purchasing nail products asa result of by taking the nail design course of the department of beauty at a junior college. The purpose of this study was to provide useful information to nail companies, including the importance of product elements and effective media promotion, to support the planning and promoting of nail products for beauty major students. Means analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on detailed characteristics related to nail beauty (degree of nail management, degree of contact with nail beauty media) and considerations for the purchase of nail products. The results were as follows: For beauty major students, it was concluded that the greater the interest in nail beauty, such as degree of nail management and degree of contact with nail beauty media, the greater the interest in product quality, purpose, and safety, which are practical product elements considered when purchasing nail products. It was also confirmed that Instagram and YouTube advertising media have a significant effect on promoting nail product brands for beauty major students. As the subjects of this study comprise beauty major students in their early 20s, there is a limit to expanding and applying the conclusions of this study to general nail product consumers. Therefore, in subsequent studies, analysise of a wider range of nail product consumers should be conducted through an expanded sampling method.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.248-257
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• 2019

On this study, we have observed the change of the gel nail morphology as the time elapse and measured the surface roughness/volume, moisture content/purcutaneous moisture vaporizing amount of the nail surface before gel nail treatment and after gel nail removing of the 100%acetone remover, 5%acetone remover and 0%acetone remover and the avocado non acetone remover for the comparison of the effect on the nail surface and the degree of the removing of the gel nail of the removers as the acetone contents. The removing ability were the order of 100%acetone remover, avocado non acetone remover, 5%acetone remover and the 0%acetone remover. There were no statistical significance difference in the nail surface roughness comparision before and after gel nail removing in 5%acetone, 0%acetone and avocado non acetone, and there was no statistical significance difference in the nail surface volume comparision before and after gel nail removing in 0%acetone. We measured the moisture content of the nail surface and the purcutaneous moisture vaporizing amount before gel nail treatment and after gel nail removing, resulted that, the decrease of the moisture content of the nail surface after removing the gel nail is the minimun and the increase of the purcutaneous moisture vaporizing amount of the nail surface after removing the gel nail is the minimun at the case of 0%acetone. In conclusion, 5%acetone remover and 0%acetone remover is possible to use as the gel nail remover and they had revealed that there was the least harmful effect on the nail. We hope that this study is utilized to the development of the non acetone remover and the basic research of the nail beauty industry.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2019

Phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, are similar in structure to sex hormones and mainly show reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. In this study, we analyzed 11 phthalates, including 3 kinds of phthalates prohibited in cosmetic use and 8 kinds of phthalates regulated in 'Common standards for children's products safety' and EU cosmetic regulation (EC No. 1223/2009). The phthalate analysis was optimized using GC-MS/MS. In analytical method validation, this method was satisfied in specificity, linearity, recovery rate, accuracy and MQL. Therefore, we used this method to analyze 82 products of Nail cosmetics & polish. Although six phthalates such as DBP, BBP, DEHP, DPP, DIBP and DIDP were detected at concentrations of $1.0{\sim}59.8{\mu}g/g$g, they were suitable to Korean cosmetic standards. DIBP and DBP were detected at concentration of $1.1{\sim}2.6{\mu}g/g$ in artificial nail, DBP and DEHP were $1.4{\sim}2.5{\mu}g/g$ in glue for nails, and DIBP, DBP, and DEHP were $2.5{\sim}33.3{\mu}g/g$ in nail stickers. Although substances such as DBP and DEHP in artificial nail, Glue for nails, and nail stickers were detected, they were suitable to 'Common safety standards for children's products. DIBP is not a regulated substance in Korea but showed the third highest detection rate following DBP (84.6%) and DEHP (63.4%). The concentration of phthalates detected in nail products is considered to be safe in current standards but continuous monitoring and research about non-regulated substances are also needed to be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for increased understanding of detailed customer needs by age group, and also to improve customer satisfaction. The survey was conducted from August $30^{th}$ to September $15^{th}$, 2017. The poll was conducted with 302 persons aged from 20's to 50's by using convenience-sampling method and self-administration method for survey. The results were analyzed by frequencies, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlations, and through multiple regression analysis. The study results are briefly summarized as follows. First, the overall age group's interest of hand's health was robustly high. Second, in the 20s and 30s age groups hand care interest and self-hand care (r=.284, p<.01) increased with improved hand health condition. In the 40s and 50s age groups there were positive correlations between hand health condition and Information recognition(${\beta}=.246$, p<.1), Product use(${\beta}=.312$, p<.05), and Professional Hand Care(${\beta}=.354$, p<.000). This study indicates that hand care concern and management behaviors change with age. Therefore, further research and more specific follow-up are required for improvement of the awareness of healthy hands.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.385-392
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• 2012

본 연구는 미용업 분야를 헤어, 네일, 피부, 메이크업으로 나누어 사고재해 실태와 사용 제품에 대한 안전 인식도를 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 근무하는 사업장의 작업 시 발생하는 유해요인으로는 분진, 근골격계, 화학물질 함유 제품의 유기용제 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 지난 1년 동안의 사고 및 재해는 26.3%가 경험한 것으로 파악되었다. 사고나 재해의 종류로는 베임, 인대 늘어남, 하지정맥류 등의 근골격계 이상이 가장 많았다. 미용업에서 사용되고 있는 제품의 화학물질 함유에 대한 인지도는 77.2%, 중금속 함유에 대하여 인지도는 59.1%로 나타났으며, 미용업 관련 제품의 표시사항(성분, 주의사항 등)에 대한 확인 여부는 '중요한 내용만 확인'한다는 응답이 가장 많았다. 화학물질에 대한 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)의 인지여부는 88.8%가 알지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)에 대한 인식도 및 사업장의 비치 여부가 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 안전교육의 필요성은 73.6%로 높게 나타나 안전 교육에 대한 대책 마련이 요구되었다. 본 연구는 미용업 전반에 대한 사고재해 실태 및 안전의식에 관한 포괄적인 연구가 수행되어 미용업 근로자의 안전의식 고취와 정책적 안전관리 방안, 근로자 건강관리의 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.42-46
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• 2004

0.5mm thick steel is used to manufacture nail files. The first process is blanking the blank and then make about 300 holes of 0.8$\~$1.0mm in diameter. This process depends mainly on etching which takes $33\%$ of manufacturing cost and it can make manufacturing cost rise. The residual etching reagent is not environmentally friendly and the steel material is apt to rust as well. The key accomplishments of this research are to change the material from steel to stainless and develop a progressive perforating die in place of etching process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

0.5mm thick steel is used to manufacture nail files. The first process is blanking and the second process is making about 300 holes of 0.8-l.0mm in diameter. This process depends mainly on etching which takes 33% of manufacturing cost and it can make manufacturing cost rise. The residual etching reagent is not environmentally friendly and the steel material is apt to rust as well. To solve these problems, researches on the following subjects are performed: proper material to prevent from rusting and strip layout strategies in stamping to replace etching process with press process which makes use of die. And new quill type punch is developed to replace the regular standard punch, one of the die parts, which frequently get broken while working. And these researches and developments lead to develop a progressive perforating die.