• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

A 1-year-old, female English cocker spaniel (ECS) dog was presented with 3-month history of vomiting and retaking of the vomitus, and chronic weight loss. The client had noticed mild abdominal distension 10 days before. The dog was diagnosed as chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis based on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, ascites assessment, bile acid evaluation, and liver biopsy through exploratory laparotomy and necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed mild anemia, slightly elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), increased creatinine kinase (CK), hyperammonemia, and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was transudate according to analysis of components. Bile acid assessment (fasting; $174.4{\mu}mol/L$ and postprandial; $198.4{\mu}mol/L$) showed strongly suspected hepatic insufficiency. On radiological findings, ascites was evident. Atrophied liver (especially left side lobes) and distended mesenteric vasculatures were observed by exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of marginal lesion of left lateral lobe of liver by biopsy revealed the necrosis of hepatic cells, dilation of sinusoids, infiltration of neutrophils in sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatic cytoplasm. The patient had been managed with careful low protein diet and specific supportive therapy (ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisolone, vitamine E, and interferon). Vomiting and ascites disappeared with medical management. The dog was monitored periodically by CBC, serum chemistry and radiographic examination. The dog survived more 18 months with medical therapy. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.929-941
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine the association between weighted needle pinprick sensory threshold(PPT) and sensory nerve conduction studies. The subjects were 53 healthy controls, 31 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DM) and 36 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DN). PPT was measured on the index and little fingers, bilaterally, as well as under the lateral malleolus, bilaterally. In electrophysiologic assessment the left and right median, ulnar and sural nerves were studied. Mean PPT in DN, DM and controls was high in turn on each sites tested. Age controlled PPT was significantly different among three groups on right little finger(p<0.05) and left malleolus(p<0.05), but on other sites, not statistically significantly different between DN and DM. The results were as follows: Sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude on each nerve tested were statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Correlation of PPT with sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were statistically significant on each site and ranged from -0.4203(left malleolus) to -0.5649(right index finger) and from -0.3897(left index finger) to -0.6200(right index finger), respectively. When electrophysiological study is not feasible, measurement of PPT may be helpful for the assessment of peripheral sensory neurological function.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.275-285
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• 1998

Antibody responses(IgG) to Paragonimus westermani. Clonorchis sinensis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Sparganum Anisakis simplex, Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis were studied. The ELISA technique was performed to determine the prevalence of above helminthic diseases. 975 cases obtained from Yanbian of China during October, 1995 to July, 1997 were examined with a positive antibody titer of 5.74% in clonorchiasis, 4.92% in paragonimiasis, 1.54% in cysticercosis. 8.51% in sparganosis, 1.85% in anisakiosis, 12.51% in toxocariasis, and 7.08% in trichinosis respectively. And 23.87% in showed positive antibody titer at least one of the seven helminths. The differences of the age and sex in the positive sera were analysed by the Chi-squared test and the level of significance accepted was p<0.05. The significant differences in positive antibody production were P.W.(p<0.01). C.S.(p<0.01), A.S.(p<0.05). T.C.(p<0.001), and T.S.(p<0.01) respectively in age groups. sparganosis(p<0.05) in sex groups. Other parasites showed that there were no significant differences among age groups and sex groups(males and females). Higher positive antibody rate of C.S. and P.W. occured in the 50-59 years old and those of T.C. and T.S. happened in the 20-29 years old. Patients of internal disease showed more positive antibody titer, that is to say, there was significant difference between positive rate of internal diseases and that of control (p<0.01. p<0.05) in 6 helminths except cysticercosis. The result showed that some cross reactions existed among nematodes, and the developed techniques(EITB) should be done for a correct diagnosis. Also the prevalence of some important helminths may be evaluated from the result and it would be a basic data for controlling parasitic diseases in Yanbian.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2005

Age estimation is fundamental and important in personal identification with forensic medicine and dentistry. Recently, a lot of studies using various part of the body have been done for age estimation. Age estimation with teeth is the most significant method comparing ones with other part of the body. Gustafson method and Johanson method using postmortem teeth have been authorized in accuracy and systemization and used domestically and internationally. The verification of the accuracy in above methods had been tried many times but it is still rare in Korea. Fifty-nine teeth(incisors, canine, premolars and molars) which were extracted due to periodontal diseases or orthodontic problem were collected. Present study is to 1) compare the accuracy of estimated age in applying Gustafson method and Johanson method to the teeth in Korea, 2) compare and analyze the correlation with results using Gustafson method and Johanson method by age, gender, maxilla - mandible and anterior - premolar - molar. Teeth were embedded in resin and sliced and then examined each one using Gustafson method and Johanson method. The results are as follows: 1. Actual age was a significant difference in estimated age by Johanson method. Actual age was a significant correlation in estimated age by Gustafson method and modified Johanson method. Modified Johanson method was more significant than Gustafson method. 2. In estimated age by Gustafson method, Johanson method and modified Johanson method, there was no significance with actual age by location and gender. 3. In estimated age by Gustafson method, Johanson method and modified Johanson method, there was significance with actual age by age group. Finally, Gustafson method and Johanson method can be used in Korea. To make more accurate verification, however, it needs more specimen and postmortem teeth. Johanson equation proposed by himself has to be developed by further studies.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.215-230
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• 2005

The study was intended to investigate how dentists in private dental clinic thought on the present claim and review of dental insurance to reflect it in future establishing dental insurance policies. 1,465 dentists who were running own dental clinic in Pusan Metropolitan City and the south part of Kyungsang province were surveyed in February, 2004. A total of 406 copies of finished questionnaire were finally retrieved and analyzed. The findings are as follows. 1. About insurance claim affairs : Most of the subject of insurance claim was by dentist himself or dental hygienist(nurse). Agency claiming was carried under 20% of total insurance claim. 2. The degree of attendance on insurance lecture : The degree of attendance on insurance lecture was relatively low. 3. Filing a protest against insurance claim : Filing a protest against insurance claim was reavealed about half-and-half for "have been" or "have not been". 4. Private clinic dentist,s opinion about the regulations affecting review of dental insurance : Private clinic dentists opinion about current guide for insurance review of dental fee was“the guidance is difficult and unfair cutback of claim fee may be carried”. 5. The affairs about health insurance review agency : About 70% of private clinic dentists have dissatisfaction on health insurance review agency. 6. Standpoint of private clinic dentists about issuance of receipt for dental fee : About 70% of private clinic dentist have an difficulty in issuance of receipt for dental fee. 7. The affairs about change insurance noncoverage treatment to insurance coverage treatment : Most of private clinic dentists hoped that insurance coverage about full mouth scaling, pit and fissure sealant, fluoride application. But they do not hoped that insurance coverage about geriatric denture, prothodontic treatment except precious metal, photopolymerization resin treatment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of condylar and ramal vertical asymmetric indices on paonramic radiographs between temporomandibular disorder patients and normal group and according to classification of temporomandibular disorders. One hundred and twenty temporomandibular disorder patients and thirty normal individuals were selected. After tracing the panoramic radiographs, measurements for asymmetric indices were identified. The means and standard deviations of the measurement of each group were calculated and compared between two groups. Through the comparison of the measurement between two groups, following results were obtained 1. As a result of comparing condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices of the temporomandibular disorder patients with that of normal group, there was significant difference in condylar vertical asymmetry index between two groups and no significant difference in ramal vertical asymmetry index between two groups. 2. Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices of temporomandibular joint disorder and muscle disorder patients showed greater value than normal group, but there was no significant difference between temporomandibular joint disorder patients and muscle disorder patients. 3. Among temporomandibular joint disorder patients, muscle disorder patients, and normal group, there was only significant difference in condylar vertical asymmetry index between temporomandibular joint disorder patients and normal group. 4. Among disc displacement, disc dislocation with reduction, and disc dislocation without reduction, there were no significant difference in condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices. 5. There were no correlation between aging and condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices. The results of the present study showed that condylar vertical asymmetry index of temporomandibular disorder patients showed greater values than normal group, and this difference could be considered as the features of temporomandibular disorders. Thus measuring the condylar vertical asymmetry index on panoramic radiographs is considered as the important factor for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on masseter muscle atrophy and the extent of masseter muscle affected from the injection site in relation to injection dose, with and without occlusal splint therapy through computed tomographic measurement. 32 volunteers were divided into four groups - group 25U (injection dose of 25 unit), group 25Us (injection dose of 25 unit with occlusal splint), group 35U (injection dose of 35 unit), group 35Us (injection dose of 35 unit with occlusal splint). Each group consisted of 8 people. 3 positions (position 1, 2, 3 - 10mm, 20mm and 40mm from the inferior border of the mandible, respectively) were selected for the evaluation of the masseter muscle change. The following results were obtained. 1. The thickness and the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle had reduced in all groups except for the right side thickness at position 3 of group 25U and group 25Us, and the right side thickness as well as the left side cross-sectional area at position 3 of group 35Us. In group 35Us, the thickness and the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle had reduced significantly in all positions (P < 0.05). 2. There was no significant difference in the masseter muscle change between the injection dose of 25unit and that of 35unit. 3. The groups with occlusal splint showed greater reduction of the masseter muscle thickness than the other groups (P < 0.05). From the above results, botulinum toxin type A injection together with occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy would be clinically effective.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2006

Generally, Tension-Type Headache(TTH) patients exhibit muscle pain, but can also have TMJ pain, which includes mouth opening limitation or joint sounds. The purpose of our study is to observe the clinical pain characteristics between TTH patients with muscle pain and TMJ pain. One hundred sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with TTH according to the questionnaires based on the International Headache Society's proposal on the diagnostic criteria of TTH. The patients were classified into three group; arthralgia group (18 patients), myalgia group (50 patients) and arthromyalgia group (99 patients). TTH patients with pericranial muscle pain were classified in the myalgia group. TTH patients with temporal region pain were classified in the arthralgia group. TTH patients with both types of pain were classified in the arthromyalgia group. The parameters in the diagnostic criteria such as quality, intensity, laterality of pain, and aggravation due to physical activities were compared among the three groups. 1. There were no significant differences in the quality of pain among the three groups. 2. There were no significant differences in the intensity of pain among the three groups. 3. There were no significant differences in the laterality of pain among the three groups. 4. A higher percentage of patients in the arthromyalgia group experienced headaches that were aggravated due to physical activity (p=0.03) compared to the other groups. The results of this study show that TTH patients with both arthralgia (TMJ pain) and myalgia (pericranial muscle pain) are more aggravated by physical activity than TTH patients with either one.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2005

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of a flowable composite resin on the tensile bond strength of resin to enamel and dentin treated with Er:YAG laser and diamond bur. 96 Buccal enamel and mid-coronal dentin were laser-irradiated using an Er:YAG laser and treated with diamond bur. Each groups(48) were divided two small groups depends on acid-etching procedure. Light-cure flowable resin(Metafil Flo) and self-cure resin(Clearfil FII New Bond) were used in this study. After surface etching with 37% phosphoric acid and the application of an adhesive system, specimens were prepared with a hybrid composite resin. After 24hours storage in distilled water at 37$^{\circ}C$, all samples were submitted to the tensile bond strength evaluation, using a universal testing machine(Z020, Zwick, Germany). The obtained results were as follows: 1. TBS of acid-etching group were higher than those of non-etching group in both enamel and dentin treated with Er:YAG laser and diamond bur. Laser 'conditioning' was clearly less effective than acid-etching. Moreover, acid etching lased enamel and dentin significantly improved the microTBS of M-Flo. 2. In enamel, TBS of laser-irradiated group were lower than those of bur-prepared group. However, in flowable resin subgroup, there were not differed those between two groups in dentin. 3. In laser-treated group, TBS of flowable composite resin were higher than those of self-curing resin in dentin, however, there was no difference in enamel. From this study, we can conclude that the self- and light-cure composite resin bonded significantly less effective to lased than to bur-cut enamel and dentin, and that acid-etch procedure remains mandatory even after laser ablation. We suggest that Er:YAG laser was useful for preparing dentin cavity with flowable resin filling.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate photothermal effect of laser, which eliminates and reduces bacteria causing periodontal disease, on treatment of periodontal disease. This study included subjects with moderate periodontitis who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, College of dentistry, Yonsei University. The subjects were divided into experimental group, where Argon laser treatment was used, and control group, where conventional subgingival curettage was used. Gingival fluids from each subject were collected prior and after 1 week of the treatment, and changes in number of bacterial colonies cultured from aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria responsible for the periodontal disease, and changes in clinical indices related to the periodontal disease, such as plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, were analysed. As a result, the number of bacterial colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria reduced after 1 week of the treatment in both groups, especially the bacterial colonies of anaerobic bacteria which showed statistically significant reduction(p<0.1). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index were reduced after 1 week of the treatment in both groups. In the experimental group, gingival index(p<0.1) and sulcus bleeding index(p<0.01) showed significant reduction, and, in the control group, sulcus bleeding index(p<0.01) showed significant reduction. However, there were no significant differences in each indices between the two groups. The above results suggest that Argon laser could be used as a substitute of conventional subgingival curettage, or in combination with subgingival curettage which would increase the effect of the treatment. Although the possibility of clinical application of Argon laser was observed in this study, more randomized-controlled research, including acquirement of sufficient samples as well as long-termed follow up, would be necessary before clinically effective application of Argon laser.