• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1637-1642
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to compare the aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of raw and heated garlic ($130^{\circ}C$, 2 hr) from different cultivation areas (Danyang, Seosan, Uiseong Namhae, Namdo, Daeseo and China). The volatile compounds were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and identified with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds of raw garlic were sulfur compounds such as diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide etc. After heating, the major volatile compounds were allyl mercaptan, methyl pyrazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithiane, 2-propenyl propyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl alcohol, and allyl sulfide etc. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic and heated garlic was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic cultivated in Danyang, Namhae and China were 20.07, 34.62, and 9.71% respectively. After heating, these values were increased to 79.90, 93.59, and 77.26% respectively. Results showed that heat treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of the garlic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1162-1167
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the chemical compositions of germinated (GSS)- and ungerminated (UGSS)-safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds. GSS had higher amount of sugar and crude fiber than UGSS, but less amounts of protein and lipid. Levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol and essential amino acids of GSS were higher than those of UGSS, although there are no difference in fatty acid composition between GSS and UGSS. Among the nine phenolic compounds detected, five phenolic compounds, except for two lignans and two flavonoids, were found in both GSS and UGSS. Four serotonin derivatives accounted for about 80 per cent of total phenolic compounds, and levels of five phenolic compounds decreased slightly with germination. These results suggest that germination may enhance the functionality of safflower seed by increasing nutritional compositions and by decreasing phenolic compounds with bitter taste and cathartic effects.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

This paper provides information for decision making of the managers and the staffs of oriental medicine hospitals through the analyzing financial statement. The oriental medicine hospitals decreased total assets, total gross revenues, and increased debt. Comparison of years 2008 and 2010, oriental medicine hospital's total assets decreased, liabilities increased, total revenue decreased, and showed a continuing deficit. On the other hand, the rate of net worth of the oriental medicine hospitals were high and lower dependence on the borrowings. So the management performance of the oriental medicine hospitals as a whole were good. However some the oriental medicine hospitals were experiencing serious financial difficulties. In order to the hospitals overcome its financial difficulties, they had to rely on short-term borrowings. In consideration of the reserve fund for essential business, the transfers and the net profit ratio to total assets of the operating profit ratio to total assets were the level of commercial interest rates. But the operating profit ratio to the total assets were significantly different according to the hospitals. And 10 hospitals of the operating profit ratio to gross operating revenues were (-), they had problems with profitability. Meanwhile the total amount of capital and the equity capital of reduced hospitals increased, there were significant differences even between hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2011

The study is to analyze voting behaviors revealed through the June 2 local elections, and to learn their implications by exploring and comparing the main factors that influence how to recognize and select a candidate. To achieve this, in-depth interviews have been conducted focusing on those who voted in the last election. The analysis shows that most respondents regard their political tendencies as moderate and make decisions on whom to vote for 2 to 3 days prior to election. It also indicates that what party candidates belong to is the highest motivation in deciding for whom to vote and they generally vote as they believe. According to the study, not only do the poll's results hardly affect their choice of candidates, but also the polls turn out significantly different from the actual results. The great gap between the polls and the actual outcome signifies that how to conduct a poll is wrong and people intend to conceal their opinions. While the media has had a decisive effect on the image of candidates, it is through promotional materials for political campaigns that the candidates' policy is recognized. The study also says that the Four-River is the most influential political issue in election. The study identifies voters' behavior specifically and in depth, and suggests some lessons to make use of for the future elections.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2015

The effect of biodegradable mulching film on the growth and development of garlic were investigated in order to develop eco-friendly weed control techniques. The treatments included biodegradable film (Bio-De) and black (Black-PE), green (Green-PE), transparent (Trans-PE) polyethylene mulching films. Non-mulched, bare soil (Non-mulching) was used as a control. Light transmittance value among tested mulching films was the highest in Trans-PE (86.1%) followed by Bio-DE and Green-PE, and the lowest value was observed for the Black-PE (1.1%). All mulching films without exclusion elevated soil temperature, especially Trans-PE and Bio-DE compared to bare soil. Plant height and mean bulb weight were increased due to mulching films with the highest values observed for Trans-PE and Bio-DE treatments. After seven months of field application there were no significant degradation signs on PE plastic films, whereas it was easy to see horizontal cracks on the Bio-DE film surface after five month of usage.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2011

Scrotal involvement has been reported from 2% to 38% of males with Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura (HSP). It may present before the rash occurs or even long time after it has disappeared. Scrotal involvement of HSP usually results in pain, tenderness, swelling or discoloration of scrotum. Scrotal pain sometimes mimics testicular torsion to various degrees, which can be followed by unnecessary operation. In our 2 cases, one was a 5-year and 11-month-old boy who came to our emergency department due to scrotal pain before the diagnosis of HSP, and the other was a 5-year and 1-month-old boy who came to the outpatient clinic due to scrotal pain after the resolution of HSP about 1 month before the visit. We performed Doppler ultrasonography (USG) to evaluate the acute scrotal pain in the two boys. On Doppler USG, epididymis showed increased blood flow, and testis showed normal blood flow. These findings enabled the diagnosis of acute epididymitis and excluded testicular torsion. Epididymitis was improved by conservative management including shortterm steroid therapy within 5 days. It is important to perform adequate evaluation with tools such as Doppler USG in the early course of acute scrotum of HSP, to avoid unnecessary scrotal exploration.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.327-339
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• 2019

The differential susceptibility of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis against extracts of Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Camellia sinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Lantana camara and their mixtures was evaluated. The plant extracts tested were much less toxic to P. persimilis than to T. urticae. The plant extracts tested had little effect on the survival of P. persimilis adult females. Moreover, reproduction of P. persimilis adult females and eclosion of eggs deposited by treated predators were not seriously affected. The treatments of the plant extracts tested showed no serious toxic effect on P. persimilis eggs and exhibited 84~100% hatchability. The treatments with mixtures 3 and 1 were effective against the adult females of T. urticae and yielded 76.0% and 72.7% adulticidal activity at 7 days after treatment, respectively. The treatment of mixture 2 revealed 63.3% adulticidal activity. Generally, the acaricidal activity of the individual treatment of each plant extract was lower than the mixtures. The adult females of T. urticae treated with mixtures 3 and 1 produced only 29.5~31.3% as many eggs as the control females did. All the plant extracts tested exhibited no noticeable toxic effect to the eggs of T. urticae. These results suggest that mixtures 3 and 1 might be used for the control of T. urticae, and expected to be promising candidates for use in integrated mite management program with P. persimilis.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2007

There has been increasing concerns regarding marine mineral resources as the land energy resources has been depleting from worldwide energy crisis. Also, all the coastal countries around the world are getting into the high competition as EEZ implemented to widen each country's marine autonomy. Especially, the adoption of EEZ in UN's marine regulation agreement at the January of 1996 has aggravated conflicts among coastal countries and eventually resulted in critical agenda to determine the boundaries of EEZ among such countries. It is imperative for us to have negotiation with neighboring countries to determine the boundaries of EEZ. For the preparation of such negotiation, it is essential to have data such as mineral distribution, deep-sea geology, related agreement and marine laws, etc. Therefore, this study mainly concentrates on analyzing existing data of resources exploration and establishing standards for each type of data and manipulating data based on such standards, thereby building a database for more efficient management of EEZ data from marine resources survey. MRIS has also been developed to diversely analyze and visualize graphic and attribute data considering data usage and inter-relationship in the database. This system can provide various spatial analysis and spatial searching techniques to enable easier comparison of cost-benefit analysis and data provision of any area in EEZ thereby facilitating major policy making. In addition, the system can support sustainable management of marine resources of EEZ regions and data supply for systematic management of national marine resources. Furthermore, this will be very useful for negotiating with neighboring countries to determine EEZ boundaries to lead more favorable results.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2012

In the present study, egg development and early life history of Korean spined loach, $Iksookimia$ $koreensis$, were observed. Adult fish were sampled using spoon nets in Okgye-ri, Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea in July 2010. Eggs were obtained after injecting females with Ovarprim. Eggs were then artificially fertilized in the laboratory using the dry method. Mature eggs were slightly adhesive and transparent with a light yellowish color, and measured $1.40{\pm}0.04mm$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in diameter. Hatching of the embryo occurred approximately 50 h after fertilization in the water at $23^{\circ}C$, and newly hatched larvae were averaged $4.7{\pm}0.21mm$ in total length. 5 days after hatching, the averaged total length of larvae was $7.1{\pm}0.25mm$ and their yolk sacs had been completely absorbed. 17 days after hatching, fish started to enter the juvenile stage and reached $12.2{\pm}1.10mm$ in total length. 80 days after hatching, the band patterns and external form of juvenile fish were similar to those of adults, and they averaged $31.0{\pm}3.98mm$ in total length.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.809-814
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of the electrolyzed acidic water for soybean sprouts growth, the responses of characteristics of soybean sprouts were evaluated. Soybean sprouts grown by the electrolyzed acidic water showed shorter length in total body, root, and hypocotyl, etc. but they were evaluated to be increased in hypocotyl diameter and weight per sprout. Total length of soybean sprouts grown for 5 days by electrolyzed acidic water were much shorter than those by tap water. Soybean sprouts grown by tap water showed rapid growth in length even after 5 days but no more growth in length for those grown by electrolyzed acidic water. The growth of hypocotyl showed the same tendency as total length. No difference in root length among the soybean sprouts grown for 4 ~ 11 days by electrolyzed acidic water while those grown by tap water showed continuous rapid growth in length. The diameter of hypocotyl was thicker in those grown by electrolyzed acidic water than those grown by tap water and increased up 5 days. The weight of cotyledon grown by electrolyzed acidic water showed the proportional increase to the growing days but those grown by tap water showed no increase in hypocotyl weight up to 7 days, but a little bit increase after 11 days with the growth of new buds. The fresh weight per sprout was higher in those grown by electrolyzed acidic water until 7 days than tap water but it was the same weight in 11 days cultivation. The electrolyzed acidic water effected on shortening of hypocotyl and root length, thickening of hypocotyl diameter, and enlarging of cotyledon during soybean sprout cultivation.