• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2009

This study used laten class growth analysis to identify discrete developmental patterns of delinquent behaviors in adolescence. This present article also examined associations among these trajectories to determine how the development of delinquent behaviors relates to protective and risk factors, which include parental monitoring, attachment with parent, association with deviant peers, self-control, and negative stigma from others. Four-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the latent class growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,446 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Four trajectories of delinquent behaviors emerged: delinquency persistence, delinquency increaser, delinquency decreaser, normative group(almost no delinquent behaviors). Association with deviant peers had the most proximal strong influence on the probability of being in the delinquency increaser and delinquency persistence group compared, noed to the normative group. Parental monitoring, self-efficacy and negative stigma also differentiated the four delinquent behavior trajectories from one another after controllig for socio-demographic variables. The study suggested that there is a significant heterogeneity in the timing and change rate of delinquency progression. Adolescent delinquency prevention and intervention programs will need to consider this heterogeneity and enhance attention to protective and risk factors depending on the subpopulation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.347-369
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• 2013

Quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS is significant as it concerns the treatment process, survival rate, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment as well. Prevalent prejudice in our society significantly lowers the quality of patient's life. There is a need for an intervention and the effort to eliminate the stigma in order to lessen the negative effects as well. However, there are very few researches that examine the quality of life when it comes to people living with HIV/AIDS; even less when it comes to research that examines the stigma that affects the quality of life negatively. Therefore, this research seeks to verify the moderating effects of social support that seek to eliminate the stigma upon the quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS. Research had been conducted with 102 people living with HIV/AIDS and the balancing effect of the social effort was verified through hierarchical regression analysis and a simple slope test. As the result of the research, control variables such as educational level and whether the patient has a job or not have significant effect and the stigma that the patient is aware of has significant negative effect. Social support had positive effect in quality of life and that it has a moderating effect on stigma which in turn affects the quality of life. Based on these results, social work related implications that were suggested are as follows; need for information and education as to better the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS and eliminate the social stigma and that group support program based on the local community which is needed for social support. Further research was advised based on the limitations of this research.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.315-342
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to examine growth trajectories of delinquent behaviors during adolescence. In addition, the effects of protective and risk factors that might account for individual difference in the level of delinquent behaviors and in the rate of change were examined. Four waves of data in the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) were used to analyze the linear growth modeling. The sample consisted of 3346 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year intervals. The results showed significant individual differences in both final level of delinquent behaviors and in the rate of change across 3 measurement occasions. Adolescent gender, family's socioeconomic background predicted the final level and the rate of change of delinquent behaviors. The protective effects of positive parenting and self-control were significantly associated with problem behaviors and the risk effects of the association with deviant peers and negative stigma were significant on the final level of delinquency. Self-control and deviant peer affiliation had differential influences over time significantly. Practice and policy implications as well as further research topic were discussed in the light of searching for important factors in preventing adolescent problem behaviors.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 1991

Benthic marine algal community of a sea bank at Joomoonjin, in the eastern coast of Korea, was investigated monthly in view of floristic composition and seasonal periodicity during from August, 1989 to July 1990. Total number of benthic alga identified were 70 taxa, which composed of 7 species of Chlorophyta, 21 species of Phaeophyta and 42 species of Rhodophyta. The dominant species were Sargassum horneri, Underia pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Pachymeniopsis sp.. Vegetation, from the point of phygiognomy, was a mosaic type by these dominant species. The flora was compared with similarity index using S${\phi}$rensen coefficient and grouped by a cluster analysis. As a result, the algal community of this area could be divided into two clusters at similarity level 45% : Flora of water temperature-ascending period(January-July) and flora of water temperature-descending period(August-December). And also, the former flora was subdivided into two clusters at point of the $14^{\circ}C$ sea water temperature : winter flora(January-April) and spring-summer flora(May-July). The flora of this area was characterized as a mixed flora of cold and temperature zone by Cheney's index.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 1981

In order to investigate effects of fertilization on the yield of chestnut trees and to compare the compound fertilizer (CF) and Boron contained compound fertilizers (BCF) for chestnut trees developed by Chosun Fertilizer Inc. with single fertilizers (SF) at different fertilizing levels, a field experiment was conducted during the 1979 and 1980 growing periods. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The growth of chestnut trees was markedly improved as increasing the amount of fertilizers regardless of the SF, CF or BCF. 2. The number of strobiles increased as increased amount of fertilizers, and the ratio of dropped strobiles decreased by more than 90 percent by the BCF application while that decreased by 12 to 47 percents by the SF or CF applications. It implies that the boron application be necessary for increasing strobiles and reducing the ratio of dropped strobiles. 3. The yield increments by the SF or CF applications at the standard level were 80 percent and that by the BCF application at the same level was 202 percent and the highest yield increment was recorded as high as 302 percent by the BCF application at the doubled level in 1979. The yield response in 1980 was similar to that in 1979; however, the yields were lower than in 1979 due to the abnormal weather conditions such as low temperature and low solar radiation during summer except BCF applicated treatments where the yields were outstandingly increased. 4. The BCF developed proved as a recommendable compound fertilizer for chestnut trees.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.305-330
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine whether Myanmar's experience in which dealing with the most exemplary change among rogue states or pariah state in the 21st century is feasible for North Korea's case. Recently, North Korea's willingness to dialogue, reform and open is similar to the precedent in which the Myanmar military junta dismantled its ruling system and turned over transition period through general elections in 2010 and 2015 each. The so-called 'Myanmar Model' refers to a country branded as a rogue state which has been under the international sanctions and pressure, and opening its political system and the market by choosing transformation. However, rapid changes in speed across the entire society after opening up are impossible because the political elite is only the leading role and implementation in the transition. In case of Myanmar, military culture has penetrated into society due to such a long-lasting military dictatorship, and even democratic bloc has become accustomed to authoritarian decision-making process. Furthermore, the "reserved area" of the old regime still exists in a deformed political structure that can not retrieve the interests of the military. Therefore there could not be achieved political development in term of qualification. North Korea also appears unlikely to achieve political and economic assessment in a short period of time, as civil society has not appeared due to its long dictatorship and very low economic development levels. Like Myanmar, North Korea is also likely to control the pace and direction of upcoming reforms and open, as the dictator or most powerful person chose to reform and open up. Therefore, if North Korea moves toward the 'Myanmar Model', there will be high expectations of new changes in the short term, but it could be delayed or stalled in the mid and long term.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.535-546
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• 2018

This study conducted a meta-analysis to examine syntagmatically on the variables related with recovery among persons with mental illness in Korea. In order to do a meta-analysis, theses and dissertations published between 1999 and 2018 in Korea were reviewed systematically and a total of 24 including studies were selected. Using Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) 3.0 software, this study calculated average effect size and moderator variables related with recovery among persons with mental illness. Results were as follows. First, this study identified a total of 16 variables related with recovery among persons with mental illness. Second, the results indicated that variables which showed large effect sizes included social support(r=.575), empowerment(r=.555), self-efficacy(r=.544), social skill(r=.500), relationship with social worker(r=.482), stigma(r=-.446), family support(r=.418). Third, variables with medium effect sizes included interpersonal relationship capacity (r=.391), agency service satisfaction(r=.366), insight(r=.373) and symptom(r=-.239). Fourth, variables with small effect sizes included work experience(r=.188). Fifth, moderator analyses were conducted utilizing characteristics of residence state (community or mental hospital). Moderator effects were identified in the social support and family support. Based on the findings, theoretical and clinical implications for the recovery among persons with mental illness in Korea were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.24-47
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• 2013

This study focused on the constructional concepts, landscape design techniques and changes made of the Sandan(山壇) area in the rear garden of Changdeokgung Palace based on the spatial organization of the zone. The results of this study are as below. Constructional layers that have been maintained throughout the centuries from King Injo(仁祖), King Sukjong(肅宗), King Sunjo(純祖), the Japanese colonial period to the present, were found in the Sandan area. The Sandan area, which was developed with the establishment of Chuiseungjeong(取勝亭) during the ruling of King Injo(仁祖), was created as a resting place for the King, and its usage continued until King Sukjong(肅宗) built Nakminjeong(樂民亭). However, the whole area was reorganized to host ritual ceremonies, where ancestral rites were performed for the mountain gods, after Sandan and Baekunsa(白雲社) were built during King Gojong's reign, before the drawing of 'Painting of Eastern Palaces(東闕圖).' The architectural component used then appears to have been designed to serve ancestral ritual formalities for the god of land, or to satisfy the religious desires of the royal family not fulfilled by Confucian courtesy. These are characteristics that define the Sandan area. Meanwhile, the analysis of the ground plan of the Changdeokgung Palace revealed that the Sandan had been maintained until the Japanese colonial era, but was removed sometime after liberation. The area underwent extensive reform in the early 1970s, when the whole area was developed into a tourist destination called Bingcheon(氷泉). Then, a new road that runs through Bingcheon was laid, and the present condition reflects the construction result of the time. An interview with a person who had taken part in the repair work in the 1970s confirmed that the construction work at the time had the goal of establishing two drainage systems for drinking water and copied the Okryuchon(玉流川) well.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.505-525
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• 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine how the phrase "old person" are expressed and used in the online sphere. Based on the theoretical concept of stigma, this study investigates the images and attitudes in society toward the elderly, and the characteristics of hate speech aimed at the elderly. Method. This study conducted text mining based on social big data using anonymous conversations. Results. It was confirmed that the elderly images shared online were generally negative. The attitudes expressed toward them also tended to be negative due to the negative images that are propagated of the elderly. The hate speech relating to the elderly, in usages such as 'Teul-ttag' and 'Kon-dae', were mainly identified in comments that negatively evaluate the elderly, and these expressions demonstrate the depth of hate and discrimination towards the elderly who are considered burdensome by young people. Interestingly, the hateful expressions towards the elderly were found more with regard to issues related to politics and economics and not just any content about the elderly. Conclusions. This study discussed the ways and means to enhance inter-generational understanding and solidity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.85-119
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• 2011

This Study was to explore the experience of foster care child's biological parents and proposed the practical discuss and method for support their returning home. We approached grounded theory to subject. Twenty biological parent's of foster child participated this research. The Data were collected by in depth-interview and documents. The authors analyzed the data according to frame that proposed Strauss and Corbin(1998). The results as follows: In open coding 143 concepts, 34 subcategory, 13 category. In axial coding the causal conditions were 「self-devaluation」, 「self-stigma」, 「social prejudice」. and the phenomenon were 「life as surplus being」, 「revolving around the world」, and the contextual conditions were 「collapse of life base」, 「rustical fatalism」. The intervention conditions were 「operation of support system」, 「instinct of maternity」. The action/interception strategy were 「closing of single eye」, 「pussling of scattered piece」. The consequence were 「fixations of abandonment」. 「resoaring to the world」 The authors proposed the core category as 「go over the wall of world burdening liabilities of being」. The authors classified patricians life type as 「challenging type」, 「status quo type」, 「escaping type」, Finally, we proposed the practical method for support restoring family the world」, foster care child's biological parents.