• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1997

Except for a cosmopolitan and major pest of apples, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus mites in Korea such as T. viennensis Zaher, T. kanzawai Kishida, and T. truncams Ehara have been considered as quarantine pests by Canada and United States. Even though these mites are not feeders on apples, they are suspected to attach accidentally on apple h i t s in autumn as females enter the diapause. The characters used to identify Tetranychus mites have been confined to the shape of aedeagus in adult male. To develope a fast and accurate alternative identification protocol applied to hibernating female mites on apples, their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were examined to find out any polymorphisms to discriminate each species from the other ones. Three pairs of primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to amplify cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO-I) coding region in mitochondrial DNA5 of four species of Tetranycus mites. The longest amplified product was estimated its size as about 680 bp. Digestion with restriction enzymes, AluI, Ddel, and Sau3A, showed length polymorphisms, which will he useful as diagnostic markers to identify Tetranychus mites. Schematic restriction maps in amplified region were shown for each species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.634-640
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• 1994

This study was investigate to see the effects of preparation methods on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cucumber preserved with salt. The preparation methods were brining the cucumbers in 10 % NaCl solution (boiled, method A), 205 NaCl solution (boiled, method B) an d20 % NaCl solution (cool to $25^{\circ}C$ after boiling, method C). The cucumber preserved with boiled solution and high salt concentration showed slow fermentation rate. The rate of salt penetration during brining of cucumber preserved with salt increased. The green value of cucumber preserved with salt by method B was lower than by method A and C. The cutting force of cucumber preserved with walt measured by texture analyzer showed a rapid increasing rate during initial brining periods. As a result of the sensory evaluation for cucumber preserved with salt, there were significant differences in most of characteristics between the samples at 5% level. The cucumber preserved with salt in boiled 10% NaCl solution (method A) showed the highest scores in most of the characteristics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2004

Early harvested Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) was treated with hot air at 45$^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, and 6 hours and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks and additional one week at 18$^{\circ}C$ (simulated shelf-life) in order to examine the effect of mild heat treatment on the storage quality of the citrus fruits. Quality attributes of the sample fruits evaluated during storage included the respiration rate, internal gas composition, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, flesh weight loss, firmness, peel color, decay ratio, and sensory properties. The initial respiration rates, just after hot air treatment, were significantly higher in the heat-treated fruits compared to the untreated. However, during storage at 5$^{\circ}C$, the respiration rates showed a similar level in all treatments. Internal gas composition exhibited no significant difference between the heat-treated and untreated samples. Hot air treatment also exerted no significant effects on the pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid contents, flesh weight loss, firmness, and peel color of the fruits during the whole storage period. The decay ratio was manifestly lower in the heat-treated fruits than the untreated. For sensory attributes including visual and organoleptic quality, no significant difference was observed among sample fruits. Results suggested that mild heat treatment with hot air at 45$^{\circ}C$ for 4-6 hours could be used as an effective preconditioning method to keep the postharvest quality of Satsuma mandarin by reducing the decay incidence remarkably during storage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2011

Greenhouse satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc., cv. Gungchun) of an early harvesting cultivar were treated by hot water showering at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 10 s at a commercial scale in a packing house and then stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks and subsequently at 18$^{\circ}C$ for 1 week (simulated shelf-life) to examine the potential use of hot water treatment (HWT) as an environmentally benign method to maintain mandarin quality characteristics during postharvest storage and sale. The respiration rate just after heat treatment or during storage was at a similar level in both the treated and untreated fruit. HWT also had no detrimental effects on quality attributes including pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, weight loss, firmness, and peel color. The development of stem-end rot, mold decay, and black rot was lower in the heat-treated fruit compared to those in the untreated control. A sensory evaluation showed that HWT markedly improved fruit appearance, making the fruit cleaner and glossier. The results suggested that HWT can be applied to satsuma mandarin as an effective pretreatment to maintain postharvest quality during storage and marketing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.245-245
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• 2016

지난 해 금강수계 강수량은 835.0mm로 평년('81~'10)의 64.3%, 삽교천수계는 765.1mm로 평년의 61.1% 정도로 매우 적었다. 특히 작년 6월부터 9월까지의 금강수계 강수량은 343.1mm로 평년 894.8mm의 38.3%, 삽교천수계 강수량은 301.1mm로 평년 860.6mm의 35.0% 수준으로 일반적으로 연간 강수량의 2/3가 여름철에 집중되는 현상과는 매우 다른 양상을 보이며 충남 서북부지역 8개 시 군은 최악의 가뭄을 겪었다. 따라서 작년 가을에는 전국적으로 가뭄이 만연한 가운데에서도 충남 서북부 8개 시 군에는 8월말부터 시작된 물 절약 캠페인에 이어서 10월8일부터 물 사용량 20%를 줄이기 위한 급수조정이 시작돼 지역주민들의 일상생활이 제약을 받기 시작하였다. 수도꼭지를 틀어보아도 시원한 물줄기를 볼 수 있은 지가 오래되었고 목욕이나 세차 등으로 충분히 물 쓰는 것이 눈치가 보일뿐더러 마실 물 걱정까지 해야 하는 상황이었다. 그리고, 금강수계 대부분의 생활용수 및 공업용수 공급을 담당하는 대청댐의 상황도 2015년 9월말 기준 누적 강수량은 536.7mm로 전년 강수량 791.6mm 대비 67.8%, 예년 강수량 1,077.5mm의 대비 49.8% 수준으로 강수량이 매우 적은 상황이었다. 9월말 기준으로 대청댐의 '15년 누적 강수량은 1981년 댐 운영 이후 가장 최소이며, 2순위로 9월말 누적 강수량이 적었던 해는 1994년이며 이 때 누적 강수량은 543.8mm, 3순위로 적었던 해는 1982년으로 이 해는 585.8mm였다. 대청댐의 저수위 현황을 살펴보면 6월말에 예년 수준과 비슷한 수위로 운영하였지만 7월말부터 예년보다 수위가 낮아지기 시작하여 8월 이후에는 예년과 격차가 나기 시작하였고 작년 10월 중순에는 1981년 댐 운영 이후 3번째로 낮은 저수율을 보이고 있는 상황이었다. 따라서, 이러한 상황에 대처하기 위해 6월부터 실수요량 수준으로 용수를 공급하기 시작하였고 8월말부터 농업용수 공급량 중 일부를 감량하였고 10월부터는 생공용수만 하루 1,987,200톤으로 계획하여 공급하면서 '16년 우기 전까지 최대한 저수량을 확보하면서 용수공급을 지속할 수 있도록 운영하였다. 본 연구에서는 '15년 강수량 부족으로 상당한 어려움을 겪은 충남지역을 중심으로 가뭄 현황을 분석하고, 충남 서북부지역의 주요 공급원인 보령댐과 기타 충남지역의 주수원인 대청댐의 운영현황과 가뭄상황을 타개하기 위해 추진한 방안 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of ATP bioluminescence assay for effect assessment of hygiene visiting education on children's foodservice facilities in the local small town. The sanitary inspection results of the hygiene visiting education showed significant improvement in all items except 'To regularly disinfect cooking facilities, storage rooms, etc.' ATP bioluminescence analysis was performed on cooking utensils to evaluate the educational effect, and the results showed a correlation with the effect in most items. In the case of knives and cutting boards, all facilities showed a value of 20 RLU/cm² or less after the educational support, and in particular, it was approximately 10 RLU/cm² or less in national/public, corporation and private facilities. Correlation analysis between the post-education sanitary inspection results and ATP values for three items related to knives and cutting boards showed that they have a negative and high correlations.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Biological activities of sarcocarp and calyx of persimmon (Cheongdo Bansi) were investigated. The electron donating ability of the calyx extract was 91% at a 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ level, which was higher than that of the sarcocarp extract (40%). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of calyx extracts was about 22% at a 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ level. During the entire experimental period, there was no cytotoxicity found from sarcocarp and calyx up to 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. Our results indicated that sarcocarp and calyx significantly inhibited NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumer necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ formation in human keratinocyte. These results suggest that sarcocarp and calyx of persimmon may have significant effect on inflammatory factors and can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.41-47
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• 2002

감 과실(Diospyros kaki folium)은 아열대로부터 온대에 이르는 넓은 지역에서 재배되고 우리나라에서는 고래로부터 중요한 과실의 하나이다. 감은 예로부터 화상, 동상, 해독 및 지혈 등의 치료에 널리 이용되어져 왔으며 특히 곶감꼭지는 시체(枾滯)라 하여 달여서 먹으면 딸꾹질을 멎게 하는데 특효가 있다고 알려져 있다. $\ulcorner$본초비효$\lrcorner$ 에서는 생감을 깍아 말린 곶감은 숙혈을 없애고, 폐열, 혈토, 구역질, 장풍과 치질을 다스리는데 쓰인다고 하였다. 또한 감은 비타민 C의 함량이 많아 감을 먹으면 감기 예방에 좋다고 알려져 왔으며 주로 생식용으로 이용되어져 왔으나 최근 감을 이용한 다양한 가공제품 및 새로운 기능성 식품의 개발을 위한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 감의 국내 총 생산량의 약60% 이상이 영남 지방에서 집중되어 재배 생산되고 잇으며 감과실의 비중은 다른 어느 지방보다 크다고 하겠다. 감은 단감과 떫은감이 있는데 단감은 주로 생과로 이용되고 있으며 떫은감은 떫은 맛을 가지기 때문에 생과로서 이용하는데 어려움이 있다. 상주는 백미, 누애고치, 곶감 등 희게 보이는 특산물이 유명한 삼백(三白)의 고장으로 미곡 생산량 전국 9위, 떫은감 2위, 곶감은 저눅 1위, 배는 2위, 사과 5위, 포도 4위를 점유하는 농업의 비중이 매우 높은 지역으로 농산물 시장 개방 확대와 과잉생산에 따른 가격하락의 피해를 예상된다. 종래 곶감의 위생적 문제점을 보완하고 공장 규모로 생산된, 품질이 규격화되고 유통기한이 설정된 고품질 전통 곶감의 제조 및 이에 따른 기술개발이 시급히 요구된다.idin C-1-3'-3" -3/'S _0-trigallate 즉, gallate가 붙은 호합물에서100rM의 농도에서 66%와 63%의 강한 저해효과를 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과는pocyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3.'S _0-trigallate는 100rM에서 70%의 강한 저해효과를 나타냈으며,epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-epigallo-catechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechin는 51%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 산업적응용을 위해 분획한 폴리페놀군은 미백효과 검증실험인 tyrosinase 저해율 측정평가에서 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높은 Fraction 111의 경우 Sooppm에서 74.2%의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 항산화력 실험에서는500pw1이상에서 강한 활성능을 보인 SOD 유사활성능을 제외한 나머지 DPPH와 xanthine oxidase 저해효과에서는 Fraction II와III 모두가50ppm이상에서 80% 이상의 높은 유리라디칼 소거능력을 나타내었다. 그리고 각 Fraction별 항균력 측정 결과 Fraction 르와 111이 우수하게 나타났고 항균활성은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

A purpose of this research is to find out characteristic of bronze artifacts and gold ornaments excavated from Xiongnu tombs No. 2~4 at Duurlig Nars in Mongolia through scientific analysis of them. The Tombs are comparatively small. There were still lots of relics remaining although the tombs had been already robbed. Also the tombs are evaluated important since the origin of them show coexisting of chinese and northern style. First of all, an analysis result about bronze vessels found in this site, they have high lead(Pb) content and relatively low tin(Sn) content, as compared with the Bronze Han Mirror and End-fittings of Bronze Parasol Rib. Especially in case of bronze tray and bronze lamp from the no. 2 tomb and also bronze cauldron from the no. 4 tomb contain only 1wt% of tin which means binary alloy composition(Cu-Pb). Also, in the case of gold ornaments found in the no. 2 tomb, they have comparatively high purity. And the research suppose that the high possibility of that they were used soldering using alloy of Au-Cu or diffused bonding(using malachite and copper oxide) for joining gold grains of gold granulation ornament. Further scientific research and analysis in Mongolia and other countries will provide more clues to solve mystery of Xiongnu culture.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2020

Recently, water pollution accidents have continued to occur in pipelines such as red water Incheon and Seoul. In order to recognize this water quality problem, it is necessary to install a water quality sensor in an appropriate location and measure it in advance to detect or block the water supply to the water faucet of the shelter. However, there are limitations, such as maintenance costs, to installing multiple water meters in all pipelines. Therefore, this study proposed a methodology for determining and prioritizing the installation location of flow-based water quality sensor for the recognition of water quality problems in pipelines. We applied the proposed procedure to the pipe break scenario. The results of the determination of the location of the water quality sensor were presented by applying it to the pipe network that actually operates the emergency pipe in Korea. The result of the decision showed that in the event of abnormal situation caused by the destruction of individual pipes, the flow rate of the pipes around the aqueduct and the tank may change rapidly, resulting in water quality accidents caused by turbidity. In the future, it is expected that the water quality monitoring point selection method, such as establishing an external pipe operation plan for pipe cleaning, will utilize the procedure for determining the location of the water quality sensor according to the velocity.