• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1992

Interspecific fusion products were obtained by protoplast fusion induced by polyethylene glycol, from auxotrophic mutants, Pleurotus cornucopiae and P. florida. The fusants were classified into allodiploidy, stable heterokaryon, and spontaneously segregated heterokaryons. Fruiting body of the clamped or clampless fusants was produced by light-dark cycle on the sawdust medium in glass bottles. Most of these clampless fusants produced mature basidiocarps. The pilei showed various mixed colors resembling the parents. All fruit bodies presented clamp connections except two fusants. When small tissues of stipe from basidiocarps were cultured on a complete medium, mycelial colonies grew more vigorously than that of the original clampless fusants. Five fusants in three crosses were analysed with the distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic characters by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were shown to segregate and recombine in the first generation of monospores isolated from basidiocarps. The analysis indicated the heter-okar-yosis and strong evidence for haploidy of vegetative nuclei, a sexual cycle consisting of nuclear fusion and meiosis. Genotypes of a large number of auxotiophic progenies were not detected. The aberration ratio of segregants indicated the gene interaction resulting from different genome structure between vegetatively incompatible species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.111-126
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• 1996

Transfer of the isolated nuclei from Lentinus edodes into protoplasts of Pleurotus florida was induced with polyethlene glycol (PEG) and $CaCl_2$. The intergeneric transfer products were classified into nuclear hybrid, heterokaryon or synkaryon, and reconstituted cell. These progenies except nuclear hybrids formed mature fruiting bodies on sawdust rice bran medium. Formation of fruit bodies was influenced by several factors such as light, temperature, nutrition and physic state of the culture media. Most of fruiting body characters were similar to those of P. florida in synkaryon and L. edodes in reconstituted cell, respectively. All these basidiocarps had clamp connections though initial heterokaryon colonies were lacking. Isozyme patterns of intergeneric progenies were quite different from those of parents. DNA polymorphisms of transfer products were also compared by random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) analysis based on polymerase chain reaction. The RAPD patterns were different from those of donor and recipient. DNA fingerprints ranged in size from 0.25 to 4.0 Kb. On the basis of RAPD, the transfer products were classified into five groups. Two synkaryon were analysed with distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic markers by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were segregated into wild type and riboflavine requiring auxotrophs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

Interorder somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus in the order Agaricales and Elfvingia applanata in the order Aphyllophorales. The fusants were classified into stable heterokaryons and spontaneously segregated heterokaryons. Hyphae of all fusion products except two strains did not form clamp connections. Out of them, two clamped and three clampless fusants produced mature fruiting bodies by light-dark cycle on sawdust rice bran medium. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Three fusants were analysed with the distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic characters by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were shown to segregate and recombine in the first generation of monospores isolated from basidiocarps. Phenotypes of a large number of auxotrophic progenies were not detected in the two clamped fusants. The aberration ratio of segregants indicated the gene interaction resulting from different genome structure between distantly related species. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted for the detection of somatic hybrids nuclear DNA. Four fusants showed a positive results in three kinds of primers. The prominent reaction products are represented by new bands in primer # 87 and # 125. Out of four fusants, two somatic hybrids had non-parental mtDNA patterns when digested with EcoR1 and HindIII. Comparison of somatic hybrids, tissue culture isolates(TC) and multispore germination isolates(MS) were made using esterase isozyme analysis. It is apparent that somatic hybrids had a minor banding patterns which are quite different from those of parents.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 1994

Interspecific somatic hybrids were obtained by protoplast fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The fusion products between incompatible strains did not form clamp connections. Fruiting body of the clampless fusants was induced by light-dark cycle on saw-dust-rice bran substrate in glass bottles. Out of them, seven somatic hybrids produced fruiting bodies of intermediate morphology of the two species. Light and low temperature were the initiating factors for the development of clamped hyphae from the clampless mycelial colonies. All of these basidiocarps had clamp connections. Eight fusants from the six crosses were analysed with the segregation of genetic characters by random spore isolates. In the three combinations, unexpected alleles were shown. Somatic hybrid between P188 (P. ostreatus 2-1 + P. sajor-caju 2-53) and P. florida 2-3 by triple cross produced fruiting bodies similar to those of fusant between P. ostreatus and P. florida. All the genetic charaters from the three strains were shown to segregate and recombine.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

The sexual incompatibility system was investigated in the new strain Pleurotus ostreatus 'Miso'. Matings among monosporous progeny collected from fruiting bodies revealed that the new oyster mushroom is heterothallic and has a tetrapolar mating system. Single basidiospore isolates that did not have clamp connections were determined to be monokaryotic. Compatible parings of monokaryons were distinguishable macroscopically by the rapid growth and gross morphology to some extent but they were distinguished obviously by the presence of clamp connections from incompatible pairings under microscopic examination. Rarely dikaryotization was unidirectional with clamp connections only at the margin of one side of mating. In tetrapolarity of matings, four kinds of patterns, A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, and A2B2, were decided depending on compatibility tests in a parental strain with a mating factor of A1A2B1B2. The mating tests with the tester strains were performed for the detection of mating types on the rest of selected monokaryons.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

Cauliflower mushroom widely known high concent of ${\beta}$-glucan for farm cultivation invigoration verified characteristics of mycelia growth, genetic diversity, resistance to Trichoderma by replacement culture with Trichoderma and growth characteristics of new variety crossbleeding strain. The result of replacement culture with Trichoderma for verification resistance about Trichoderma, 6951 (T. viride) strain did not show special change after formation of confrontation line and 6952 (T. spp.) strain was showed more formation of spore after formation of confrontation line. But 6426 (T. harzianum) strain found to encroach part of growth area of cauliflower mushroom mycelia. Among 10 kinds cauliflower mushroom strain, JF02-06 strain collected by Gurye, found did not spore of Trichoderma and thought to be resistant to Trichoderma. The result of crossbleeding after selected that mother strain good growth and formation of fruit body, verified good mycelia growth at JF02-47, 49 and 50 strain in Korean pine of wood-chip media. The result of gene sequence about ITS1, 5.8S and ITS4 for analysis of genetic diversity at crossbleeding strain, found high significance to other cauliflower mushroom in registered Genebank. The result of growth characteristic of spore and mycelia of cauliflower mushroom by observation microscope, size of spore showed water drop shape to major axis $6{\mu}m$ and minor axis $5{\mu}m$ and clamp showed 3 types in mycelia. The wide of mycelia was $3{\mu}m$. The characteristic of mycelia of cauliflower mushroom found to grow mycelia in clamp at approximately 50%. The growth speed of mycelia was $0.507{\mu}m/min$ and 2nd mycelia grown similar speed to mother mycelia at parallel with mother mycelia after growth speed at $0.082{\mu}m/min$. The formation of clamp made small clamp for 5 hours after shown transfer of electrolyte in mycelia inside. The septum formation started after 3 hours and then finally completed after 2 hours. In this study, strain of cauliflower mushroom verified resistance of Trichoderma, genetic diversity and characteristic of mycelia growth. Therefore, basic knowledge of cauliflower mushroom will improve and further contribute to development of mushroom industry.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2098-2110
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• 1992

An analysis is presented for the combination resonance of a clamped circular plate, which occurs when the frequency of the excitation is near the combination of the natural frequencies, that is, when ohm.=2.0mega.／sub 1／+omega.／sub 2／. The internal resonance, Omega.／sub 3／=omega.／sub 1／+2.omega.／sub 2／, is considered and its influence on the response is studied. The clamped circular plate experiencing mid-plane stretching is governed by a nonlinear partial differential equation. By using Galerkin's method the governing equation is reduced to a system of nonautonomous ordinary differential equations. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain steady-state responses of the system. Results of numerical investigations show that the increase of the excitation amplitude can reduce the amplitudes of steady-state responses. We can not find this kind of results in linear systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1711-1721
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• 1992

A nonlinear dissipative dynamical system can often have multiple attractors. In this case, it is important to study the global behavior of the system by determining the global domain of attraction of each attractor. In this paper we study the global behavior of a forced beam with two mode interaction. The governing equation of motion is reduced to two second-order nonlinear nonautonomous ordinary differential equations. When .omega. /=3.omega.$_{1}$ and .ohm.=.omega $_{1}$, the system can have two asymptotically stable steady-state periodic solutions, where .omega./ sub 1/, .omega.$_{2}$ and .ohm. denote natural frequencies of the first and second modes and the excitation frequency, respectively. Both solutions have the same period as the excitation period. Therefore each of them shows up as a period-1 solution in Poincare map. We show how interpolated mapping method can be used to determine the two four-dimensional domains of attraction of the two solutions in a very effective way. The results are compared with the ones obtained by direct numerical integration.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

Pleurotus eryngii is not edible and medicinal mushrooms indigenous to Korea. To improvement of strain suitable to the geographic setting of Korea, we are mated with 22 dikaryons and 47 monokaryons isolated from Pleurotus eryngii ASI 2547 by Di-Mon mating. 19 strains forming fruit body obtained from clamped 253 bred strains. 7 excellent strains are selected from 19 bred strains by various morphological features of fruit body. Among the selected 7 strains, H6 strain were identified into ASI 2547-like recombinant hybrids with URP uniprimer by RAPD analysis. This suggested that Di-Mon crossing is one of rapid and easy breeding method for strain improvement with molecular techniques.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.218-223
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• 2019

Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom or Enokitake, is an important edible mushroom in Korea. In 2017, approximately 28,000 tons of this mushroom were produced in Korea, putting its output at the third place, behind the oyster and king oyster mushrooms. Despite its high production, F. velutipes has the lowest distribution rate of domestic cultivars, estimated to be about 28 percent. To increase the income of farms and provide more options to consumers, we developed a new golden domestic cultivar 'Auram'. 'Auram' was bred by mating two monokaryotic strains isolated from ASI 4103 and ASI 4111. Auram has bright golden, hemispheric shaped caps, and light brown stipes, making it strikingly different from the control. The optimum mycelial growth temperature was 25℃, but Auram mostly displayed higher mycelial growth than the control in a wide range of temperatures. The yield of Auram (257.4 ± 13.5 g) was high, and the period of fruit body growth was also a couple of days ahead in bottle cultivation, compared with the control. Auram received a more favorable evaluation from farms and distributors than the control for its appearance, because the fruit body of Auram had an attractive golden color, and the spotted cap often seen in the control was not observed.