• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of these carcinomas are not well known. Abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns have been attributed a role in carcinogenesis and local de novo methylation at tumor suppressor loci was held to be involved in silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Using Ms APPCR, we previously isolated a hypermethylated fragment corresponded to the 5' end of TPEF gene from primary liver and lung cancer cells. To confirm the inactivation of TPEF gene by hypermethylation in HNSCC, we investigated correlation between methylation pattern and expression of TPEF in 10 HNSCC cell lines. In methylation analysis such as combined-bisulfite restriction analysis(COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing, only RPMI 2650 showed none methylated pattern and another 9 cell lines showed dense methylation. The TPEF gene expression level analysis using RT-PCR showed that these 9 cell lines had not or significantly low expression levels of TPEF as compared with RPMI 2650. In addition, the increase of TPEF reexpression by 5-AzaC as demethylating agent in 9 cell lines also indicated that TPEF expression was regulated by hypermethylation. These results of this study demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of TPEF gene by aberrant methylation could play an important role in HNSCC carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.28
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• pp.79-85
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• 2004

The GIS(Geographic Information System) projects require big initial investment and cost of maintenance. Decision makers would not launch GIS projects unless they are convinced of the benefits of the projects. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to develop an appropriate model for GIS project evaluation. We proposed a GIS project evaluation model and summarize the steps involved in Cost-Benefit Analysis(CBA). The costs of a GIS implementation include hardware and software cost, costs of database development, training expenses, annual maintenance expenses, and other annual expenses. The benefit by using GIS has been assessed into Type I(direct benefits), Type II(indirect benefits), Type III(benefits that result from the sale of information services), Type IV(intangible benefits).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.4_1
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• pp.353-361
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• 2014

The study has planned to analyze the most typical specification validation in Korea and the other countries, which shows the well-formed and schema validation, in purpose to enhance users' conveniences. Also, we suggested the validation system to provide the information compatibility regarding to application programs for non-expert. The featured KML specification supported by the VWorld 3D Desktop and the Google Earth. Based on this above estimation, the system has been designed to inform potential problems and the applicability in 3D Desktop and Google Earth for the user. The KML information passed through the proposed validation is simply expressed on the map, so as instructed the information on the program selection and additional details instruct users as a text file. When not being suitable for the proposed program, another program can be considered, and the problems which may be occurred are also announced to increase the compatibility of KML.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Major quality parameters(organic acids, alcohols, fusel oil and sensory characteristics) of traditional Ewhaju were investigated during brewing. In organic acid contents at immediately after brewing, lactic acid was 155.1mg％, malonic acid was 5.4mg％, succinic acid was 8.9mg％, acetic acid was 7.6mg％, oxalic arid was 1.3mg％, citric and tartaric acid was 27.8mg％ and pyruvic acid was 4.8mg％ but in 100 days after brewing and one year aged, lactic acid was 1763.3 and 3059.3mg％, malonic acid was 12.3 and 19.3mg％, succinic acid was 11.5 and 23.1mg％, acetic acid was 29.2 and 73.1mg％, oxalic acid was 0.6 and 0.2mg％, citric and tartaric acid was 298.3 and 639.6mg％, and pyruvic acid were 1.1 and 0.3mg％, respectively. All the alcohol contents increased as the fermentation period increased ; the ethyl alcohol was only 0.05fe at immediately after brewing. In the alcohols content of Ewhaju at 100 days after brewing, the ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol and iso-butyl alcohol were 5.13ft, 47.56 ppm, 37.25 ppm and 19.51 ppm, respectively, Also in the one year aged Ewhaju, the ethyl alcohol was 9.39f), methyl alcohol was 36.34 ppm, Fusel oil was not detected in the first stage of brewing, but it was detected 1.12mg％ at 100 days after brewing and 1.18mg％ at one year stored sample. A general trend in change of color was almost white immediatly after brewing but a increase in Hunter "b" value and "a" value were observed depending on brewing time prolonged. Taste and overall palatability of Ewhaju after 100 days of brewing were significantly superior(p<0.05, p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.888-893
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• 2004

The effect of irradiation and packaging methods (vacuum vs aerobic) on microbial growth, electron donating ability, and lipid oxidation in marinated beef rib (Galbi) was investigated. The total aerobic bacteria in Gazlbi reduced significantly with the increase of irradiation dose, and the effect was more significant in the Galbi with vacuum packaging, The pH showed a decreasing trend during storage and this change was more significant in the Galbi with aerobic packaging. Electron donating ability of Galbi was reduced by irradiation in aerobic packaging but no difference was found in vacuum packaging except 7 days. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of Galbi increased by irradiation in aerobic packaging during storage time, but that of vacuum packaging was maintained an initial value. Results indicated that irradiation coupled with vacuum packaging may enhance the microbial safety of Korean traditional meat products, Galbi, with minimum quality changes during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2006

The effect of cinnamon ethanol extract (CN) on HT-29 cancer cell line has been examined. CN inhibited the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells in a concentration and time dependent manner but not the growth of CCD-112CoN normal colon cells. And CN markedly inhibited the production of $PGE_2$ and cGMP as well as the mRNA expression of COX-2. These data suggest that non toxic concentration of CN has a significant inhibition effect on the growth of HT-29 cells, probably through the inhibition of $PGE_2$ production via COX-2 inhibition, and may have value as a safe chemopreventive agent for colon cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2017

Objectives: This study has been conducted on public health purposes for people with Menopausal disorders in rural areas. Methods: From February, 2017 to June, 2017, we performed the Korean Medicine in the "Menopausal Disorder Overcoming Program" conducted by the department of Health service, Imsil-Gun bogun Hospital. Menopausal women who participated were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, Jaeumganghwa-tang for 20 weeks. Of the 34 patients, 16 patients were excluded due to absence of treatment at least once. And 18 treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: The KI results showed that the average score decreased in 7 out of 11 questions after treatment. The results of BDI, the mean scores of the 17 questions except the 4 questions of the 21 questions after the treatment decreased. 12, 16, and BDI total score were statistically significantly reduced before and after treatment. Conclusions: The results of the Korean Medicine treatment seemed to be effective in alleviating facial flushing, insomnia, depressive symptoms and other symptoms in menopausal disorders.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 2018

Hwanggeumjackyak-tang (HJT) composed of Scatellaria baicalensis Georgi, Paeonia Lactiflora and Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fischer is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely used for acute enteritis. In order to develop the tablet formulation of HJT, evaluation of the flow properties, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and disintegration was carried out on four HJT granules according to mixed content of seven additives. Simultaneous analysis used HPLC method was performed of HJT tablet and was determined of the seven marker components; Albiflorin, Paeoniflorin, Liquiritin, Baicalin, Baicalein, Glycyrrhizic acid and Wogonin. The biological activities were examined the effect of HJT on anti-oxidation and pro-inflammation mediated by LPS-stimulation. We confirmed that both of HJT-Decoction (HJT-D) and HJT-Formulation (HJT-F) have the similar contents on total polyphenol and flavonoid and inhibited the secretion of nitro oxide (NO), interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$,interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$. Therefore, the developed formulation for tablet of HJT would provide chemically and biologically the same effect compared with decoction of HJT.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Galgeun-tang (GGT) is a traditional herbal medicine generally used to treat cold, fever, headache, migraine and convulsion. To investigate the difference of ingredient and efficacy of GGT according to production method, mix extract powder and decoction, the quantities of index components, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of two kinds of GGT formulation were compared. The contents of ten index components were simultaneously analyzed with HPLC. A HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination. The GGT mix extract powder contained higher puerarin and daidzin content than the decoction, while the GGT decoction contained higher cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid content than the mix extract powder. But ingredient of GGT mix extract powder and decoction was statistically very similar (r=0.8335). GGT decoction showed higher antioxidant effect than GGT mix extract powder, but the difference was low. The patterns of productions for NO, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were decreased along the increasing dose of GGT formulation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The inhibitory effects on NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in Raw 264.7 cell were very similar to each other. The results obtained in this study could be used as fundamental data for verifying the equivalence and effectiveness of the herbal medicines.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.192-201
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• 2021

Dangguisu-san (DGSS) is widely known traditional herbal medicinal formula in Korea for treatment of traumatic injury by traffic accident, ecchymosis, abdominal distension and anti-thrombosis of blood. This study was conducted to develop the simultaneous analyze method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and examine the effect of anti-inflammatory activity of DGSS-dry extract (DGSS-DE) and DGSS-mix extract powder (DGSS-MEP). Physicochemical characteristics of DGSS-DE and DGSS-MEP showed that there is no significant difference in pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solid content and browning degree except for color value (L, a, b). 15 functional constituents of DGSS were identified and the correlation coefficient values of DGSS-DE and DGSS-MEP were conformed 0.950. Also, DGSS-DE and DGSS-MEP significantly decreased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. From these result, DGSS-MEP showed similar chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect to DGSS-DE. Therefore, DGSS-DE and DGSS-MEP may be useful as potential source of drug to prevent inflammation.