• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.538-545
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 오픈 도메인에서 동작할 수 있는 질의 응답 시스템(Open-domain Question Answer ing System)을 구현하고 영어권 TREC에 참가한 결과를 기술하였다. 정답 유형을 18개의 상위 노드를 갖는 계층구조로 분류하였고, 질문 처리에서는 LSP(Lexico-Semantic Pattern)으로 표현된 문법을 사용하여 질문의 정답 유형을 결정하고, lemma 형태와 WordNet 의미, stem 형태의 3가지 유형의 키워드로 구성된 질의를 생성한다. 이 질의를 바탕으로, 패시지 선택에서는 문서검색 엔진에 의해 검색된 문서들을 문장단위로 나눠 정수를 계산하고, 어휘체인(Lexical Chain)을 고려하여 인접한 문장을 결합하여 패시지를 구성하고 순위를 결정한다. 상위 랭크의 패시지를 대상으로, 정답 처리에서는 질문의 정답 유형에 따라 품사와 어휘, 의미 정보로 기술된 LSP 매칭과 AAO (Abbreviation-Appositive-Definition) 처리를 통해 정답을 추출하고 정수를 계산하여 순위를 결정한다. 구현된 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 TREC10 QA Track의 main task의 질문들 중, 200개의 질문에 대해 TRIC 방식으로 자체 평가를 한 결과, MRR(Mean Reciprocal Rank)은 0.341로 TREC9의 상위 시스템들과 견줄 만한 성능을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 1993

In order to know the effect of sludge from water treatment plants un agricultural environment, an experiment of water treatment sludge application for Altari radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was carried out. And the results were as follows ; 1. The pH of water treatment sludge was 7.2, which was higher than that of the experimental soil. The exchangeable Ca content in the sludge was very high being 29me/100g sludge. So when the sludge was applied to the soil, amending effect for soil acidity was supposed. 2. With the application of the water treatment sludge to the soil, soil pH and organic matter content were increased. With the increase of the level of sludge application, contents of crude fiber and Ca in Altari radish were increased, white those of P and Mg tended to decrease. 3. The length of the root and the amount of fresh yield of the whole plant of radish tended to increase with the increase of sludge application, and this tendency was more evident on the infertile soil. From the above results, it was concluded that the fresh yield of Altari radish increased up to 75ton/ha sludge application on the fertile soil, but the yield decreased when higher levels of sludge was applied. While on the infertile soil, the yield increased up to the application of 300ton/ha, and the heavier application level did not adversely affect the yield of Altari radish.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

It is crucial to decide reasonably the parameters necessary for design through research on the characteristics of rock in order to analyze stability of rock structure. This article has conducted both pressure meter test, uniaxial and triaxial compression test to the areas of andesite or tuff located in local regions such as Yeosu, Gwangju, Yangsan, Busan, and Daejeon and has comparatively analyzed previously proposed estimative formulas. According to the result of estimating the deformation modulus through using the damping coefficient suggested by Nicholson & Bieniawski, when RMR is less than 60, it is desirable to use the result of the pressure meter test considering the damping coefficient. If the RMR value is over 60, however, the formula suggested by Kim Gyo-won has been proved to be the most applicable. Moreover, according to the result of comparing the RMR, adhesion, and angle of internal friction, both the adhesion and angle of internal friction best correspond to the formula proposed by Tsuchiya. Comparatively analyzing the relations between the rock deformation modulus and RMR and also suggesting the formula of calculating the shear strength parameter to use the RMR value, this study did not include the deformation modulus and shear strength parameter as factors to decide the RMR index. Since result can differ by several factors, it will be necessary afterwards to suggest practical estimative formulas applicable to the actual spots of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2187-2195
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• 2000

A water treatment system using membrane separation technology can provide stable effluent quality and its maintenance is relatively easy comparing to the conventional water treatment system. In addition, the membrane filtration system is very compact such that it can replace existing water treatment processes of coagulation/sedimentation/filtration by only one process. However, a major problem associated with membrane filtration is flux decline with operating time due to concentration polarization and fouling, so a systematic study on evaluation of long-term filtration performance is necessary. A membrane filtration system using tubular type ultrafiltration membranes with MWCO of 30.000 Da was constructed for this study and it had been operated in a feed-and-discontinuous bleed mode. Flux was stabilized after operation of 1.500 hours and maintaining above 25 LMH until 4.000 hours. Contaminants causing SS and turbidity were almost completely removed while the $UV_{260}$ and DOC removals were 55% and 49%, respectively. A simple mass balance equation was developed to predict maximum concentrations of SS, turbidity, $UV_{260}$ and DOC in a operation cycle. For SS and turbidity the measured max, concentrations in each cycle agree well with the predicted values while the measured max, concentrations of $UV_{260}$ and DOC were 59% and 37% of the predicted values, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.943-952
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• 2013

Algae blooms have soared recently in the lakes across the nation due to eutrophication. Blue-green algae cause unpleasant scene, produce taste and odor problem, and hinder processes in drinking water treatment. Algae toxicity monitoring has been strengthened, because the damages of wild lives and livestocks by algal toxins have been reported. Investigation on the characteristics of cyanobacterial occurrence and concentration distribution of Cyanotoxins in Hoeya reservoir have been conducted. Physical and chemical influences of water environment on cyanobacterial occurrences have also been studied. Movements of four species of Microcystin and five species of Anatoxin-a among Cyanotoxins were observed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Microcystis spp. among the cyanobacteria have mainly dominated in the Hoeya reservoir during the investigating period. The density of cyanobacteria were positively correlated with temperature and pH of water. Highest concentrations of Microcystin-LR and Microcystin-RR were $0.424{\mu}g/L$ and $0.117{\mu}g/L$ at the sampling points. Total concentration of Cyanotoxins in water coming into the water treatment plant was $0.182{\mu}g/L$, and they were not detected in treated water.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

After debris flow caused damage during recent years, many scholars and engineers have thrown their effort into analyzing risk from debris flow in Korea. But it is hard to predict damage by debris flow taken place in wide area. Recently, SINMAP program is widely well used to estimate the amount of debris flow and its' range. In order to make frequent use of it, the most important thing is selection of accurate input parameters. In-situ experiments, which are avaliable in the mountain, is to be suggested to get dependable input parameters for SINMAP. Those are permeability, cohesion, density, friction angle and thickness in SINMAP. To get those, test pit, block sampling, in-situ density test, auger boring, permeability test on ground surface, borehole shear test and dynamic cone test and so forth were selected. In addition, the reliability of the results will be increased through comparing with those by laboratory tests. Hence, the experiments are hard to enter the sites without temporary road and, if possible, licensing and many times are needed, too. Small size experiments are indeed necessary to get accurate parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 1994

Sludge minimization in an water treatment plant can be achieved by optimizing a main water treatment process as well as by enhancing a thickening and a dewatering facilities. In this study, dewatering and drying techniques for reducing the quantity of the water sludge generated from the conventional water treatment plant in the local states were investigated by reducing its water content. Not only the types and dosages of polymers but also the mixing intensity of the mixtures of a concentrated sludge and polymers on the different pH were evaluated for the optimum dewatering conditions of the water sludge. Weight reduction of the water sludge was also tested at a given temperature range. The dewatering efficiency of the water sludge was not affected by the types of polymer but by mixing intensity(GT value) in this study. pH effect on dewaterbility of the water sludge took a major role at the neutral pH range. The optimal polymer dose was 1.5 mg-polymer/g-TSS(about 40mg/L as polymer). Dewaterability was enhanced at a lower mixing intensity(GTbelow 10,000 sec-1). Free water in the void of sludge cake was dried around $100^{\circ}C$, chemical bound water was evaporated around $320^{\circ}C$, and organic material was burned out at the range of 300 to $600^{\circ}C$. Ignition losses of the water sludge were varied 15 to 40 % as the raw water quality. The ignition loss due to the chemical bound water was 10-20% and the loss due to the organic material was 4-20% of the total ignition loss.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2024

In this study, physical property tests and standard consolidation tests were conducted on the marine clay of Busan New Port and North Port, the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River including Gimhae and Yangsan, and Ulsan regions. The moisture content, a property unrelated to sample disturbance with small individual test errors, was used for regression analysis with the compression index, virgin compression index, consolidation coefficient, expansion index, and secondary compression index, among others. Subsequently, the correlation and accuracy were evaluated. Upon analyzing the correlation between the moisture content, void ratio, and liquid limit commonly used physical properties for calculating compression indexes, it was confirmed that the liquid limit had the lowest correlation. Through a linear regression analysis of the consolidation constants using the current moisture content in the natural state, a high correlation was demonstrated. Relationship equations were then presented to determine settlement and settlement time. This study suggests that moisture content can be utilized as an alternative for evaluating and calculating consolidation constants when examining ground settlement in sedimentary clays distributed in the Busan and Gyeongnam regions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

The power loss analysis was carried out for Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite samples with different content of NiO and ZnO. The power loss, Pcv decreases monotonically wi increasing temperature and attains to a certain value at around $100\~120$ degrees Celsius. The frequency dependence of Pcv can be explained by $Pcv\~f^n$', and n is independent of the frequency, f up to 1MHz. The Pcv decreases with an increase in ZnO/NiO. The Pcv was separated to hysteresis loss, Ph and residual loss, (Pcv-Ph). The temperature characteristics and compositional dependence of Pcv can be attributed to the Ph, while (Pcv-Ph) is not affected by both temperature and ZnO/NiO. By analyzing temperature and composition dependence of Ph and initial permeability, ${\mu}^i$ following equations could be formularized. $${\mu}_i{\mu}o=I_x\;^2/(K_1+bs_ol_s)\;\;\;\;(1)$$ $Wh=13.5(I_s\;^2/{\mu}_i{\mu}_o)\;\;\;\;(2)$$ Were ${\mu}_o$ is permeability of vacuum, $I_s$ saturation magnetization, $K_1$ anisotropy constant, $S_o$ internal heterogeneous stress, $I_s$, magnetostriction constant, b unknown constant. Wh hysteresis loss per one cycle of excitation (Ph: Wh*f). Steinmetz constant of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites, $m=1.64\~2.2$ is smaller than the one of Mn-Zn ferrites, which suggests the difference of loss mechanism between these materials.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1235-1237
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• 2002

Insulation system(200 class} for stator coil is designed for traction motor with VVVF inverter. Sample coils for stator of the traction motor were tested by accelerative thermal degradation which composed of heat, vibration, moisture, and overvoltage apply. Reliability and expected life were evaluated on the insulation system for 200 class traction motor. After aging of 10 cycles, tan ${\delta}$ increased with voltage. This result is due to increase of internal defects and change of insulation structure.