• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

From March 1979 through December 1986, 124 patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiation therapy. According to FIGO classification, 35 patients were stage IB and 89 were stge II A. In stage IB, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival was $79.0\%$, $76.4\%$ and $81.8\%$, respectively. In stage II A, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival were $78.0\%$, $66.8\%$, and $72.1\%$, respectively. To identify prognostic factors, pretreatment parameters including age, ECOG performance status, number of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, histology, size and shape of primary tumor, CT findings and blood parameters were retrospectively analyzed in terms of locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size on physicai examination and rectal invasion on CT significantly affected locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival. Parametrial involvement on CT was a significant prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level affected disease free survival and overall survival. Histology and age were significant prognostic factors on locoregional control. In multivariate analysis excluding CT finding, tumor size on physical examination was a significant factor in terms of locoregioal control and overall survival. Hemoglobin level was significant in terms of disease free survival. In multivariate analysis including CT, histology was a prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level and rectal invasion on CT were significant factors on locoregional control.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.305-337
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• 2019

The aim of this thesis is to explore some aspects and characteristics of 109 volumes of collections of works at Uiryeong area in Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The author analyzed type of printing, type of collections of works, their birth year and the family name of the author, the place and the year, and the publisher of the publication of these different 109 kinds of the collections of works. The results are as follows: The collections of works demonstrate their forefathers' academic competencies. The types of printings were divided into 4 types, wood block printing, wooden movable-type printing, new lead-type printing, lithography printing. Of the collections of works 48% were wooden movable-type printing. The types of collections of works were divided into 3 types, Munjip(文集), Yujip(遺集), and Silgi(實記). Of the collections of works 49% were Munjip. The authors were local intellectuals. Of these authors 67% of authors were born in the 19th century. Twenty nine lineage groups published collections of works at Uiryeong area. 90% of the publications were published in the 20th century. In terms of place, 81% of the collections of works were published in the worshipping halls for their ancestors. 63% of the collections of works were published within 50 years after the author had died.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.344-356
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• 2004

In this study, we developed the program for 'Discretionary Activity' focusing on the multiple activities with everyday-life materials to enhance scientific creativity (MAEM-SC), which was specifically for students in the 6-7th grade according to the 7th curriculum in Korea. As important factors for scientific creativity, we selected the ability to find out the context relevant to scientific problems, the ability to connect the problem context to scientific knowledge, the ability to invent the ways to solve the problem scientifically, and ability to concentrate on the scientific problem solving activity. The topics of the program were drawn from common and familiar things in our everyday contexts, such as human body, everyday tools, food, play and toys, and everyday episodes. The multiple activities here mean the activities which are systematically constructed with the various types of activities with a specific intention. The multiple activities were designed in three types, that is, series type, parallel type, and combination type. Each of them consists of the several activities as follows: estimating and measuring, carrying out an experiment using body, inventing implement (tools), thinking statistically, writing creatively with scientific themes, and connecting one concept to another concept etc. Through a trial of the program, we found that this program has some positive influence on the enhancement both of the ability to find out the context relevant to scientific problems and the ability to connect it to the students' existing scientific knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 1993

This study was carried out to determine the concentrations of previtamin D$_3$(PreD$_3$), lumisterol$_3$(L3), tachystero1$_3$(73), vitamin D$_3$(VD$_3$) and provitamin D$_3$(ProD$_3$) in leg skins of broiler chicks exposed to UVB lights (maximum intensity at 297 nm) with dose of 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(30 or 60 min irradiation) . The broiler Hubbard line day old chicks(2 dose $\times$9 elapsed time $\times$4 replica＋10 control＝82) were fed VD-deficient diet for 31 days in a windowless subdued light room. The skin was collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 66, 90 or 138 hr after UVB irradiation. The skin lipid was extracted by 9％ ethyl acetate/n-hexane, and the fraction of VD$_3$ and its analogues was purified by Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The straight phase HPLC was utilized to analyze ProD$_3$ and its products. The mole ％(absolute level expressed in ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of PreD$_3$ in leg skin (epidermis＋dermis) was 4.67％(44 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 3.97％(37 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) right after UVB irradiation by 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(30 or 60 min) at 15 cm distance, respectively. It content in leg skin at 0 hr after exposure was 7.24％(12 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 0.92％(9 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively. The increase in irradiation dose did not affect proportionally the If synthesis.73 concentration in leg skin was 0.58％(S ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 0.57％(6 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively 0 hr after irradiation. The VD$_3$ in leg skin of birds exposed to UVB light with dose of 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was 2.13％ (21 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 0.97％ (16ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively at 0 hr after exposure, 2.72％(26ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 3.84％(37ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively at 6 hr, and 4.30％ ((33ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or 6.40％(76ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively at 12 hr. The peak concentration of VD$_3$ was presented at 18 or 30 hr when 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$) was treated, respectively. It was shown that 18~30 hr were necessary for the thermal conversion of PreD$_3$ into VD$_3$ in the leg skin of broiler chicks. The ProD$_3$ contents in leg skins of negative control, 0.204 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ treated birds were 966, 948 and 815 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively at right before and after UVB exposure. It was estimated that 18 or 151 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of ProD$_3$ was isomerized to PreD$_3$, L$_3$, T$_3$ and VD$_3$ when exposed to 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respective)y. Consequently it was shown that when double dose of UVB light was applied to irradiate the chick body, more but not double synthesis of VD$_3$ and its analogues was occured in leg skin of brolier chicks.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.308-316
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• 2003

Purpose: The green tea polyphenol (GTPP) has been known to exert antioxidant activity as a radical scavenger as well as cancer preventive and cancer growth inhibition effect. The aim of this study was to identify whether GTPP not only potentiate the growth inhibition effect in ${\gamma}-irradiated$ human cancer cell but also exert protection action for irradiated human normal cell. Materials and Methods: GTPP (80% catechin including >45% EGCG) added in the HL60, human leukemia, and NC37, human lymphoblast, before irradiation. After establishing the amount of GTPP and the dose of radiation, the cells were treated with the GTPP for 6 hours and irradiated with the determined doses. Results: Viability when $10{\mu}g/ml$ GTPP added before ${\gamma}-irradiation$ with 1 Gy to NC37 cells was not different in comparison with control but it when was irradiated with 3 Gy significantly different (1 Gy;P=0.126, 3 Gy;P=0.010). $20{\mu}g/ml$ GTPP did not show significant difference in both NC37 cells irradiated with 1 Gy and 3 Gy (1 Gy;P=0.946, 3 Gy;P=0.096). Viabilities were significantly decreased with concentration of additional GTPP in HL60 with 1 or 3 Gy (1 Gy $69.0{\pm}1.7%\;vs\;42.4{\pm}1.3%,\;3\;Gy;\;66.9{\pm}3.9%\;vs\;44.2{\pm}1.6%$). Conclusion: In vitro study, we certified that when the cells were irradiated with dose below 3 Gy, GTPP provide not only anticancerous effect against cancer cells but also radioprotective effect in normal cells simultaneously. Theses results suggest the possibility that consumption of green tea could give the radioprotective effect and maximize the effect on internal radiation such as radioiodine therapy concomitantly.