• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

Temperature variability at the upper layer related to climate regime shifts in the Korean waters was illustrated using water temperature, climate index. Three major climate regime shifts (CRS) in 1976, 1988 and 1998 in north Pacific region had an significant influence on the major marine ecosystems structure pattern. Three marginal seas around Korean peninsula; East Sea, East China Sea and Yellow Sea also got important impact from this kind of decadal shift. We used 10m sea water temperatures in four regions of Korean waters since 1950 to detect major fluctuation patterns both seasonally and also decadal shift. 1988 CRS was occurred in all of the study areas in most seasons however, 1998 CRS was only detected in the Yellow Sea and in the southern part of the East Sea. 1976 CRS was detected in all of the study area mainly in winter. After 1998 CRS, the water temperature in the southern part of the East Sea, East China Sea and Yellow Sea were going into decreased pattern; however, in the northern part of the East Sea, it was further shifted to increasing pattern which was started from 1988 CRS period.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.42
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• pp.22-25
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• 2006

기후변화 완화를 위한 선진국과 개도국 간 온실가스 감축협력사업인 `청정개발체제(CDM)사업'이 전 세계적으로 활발히 진행되고 있따. 우리나라도 이에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해 CDM 사업에 박차를 가하기 시작했다. 최근 한국지역난방공사의 연료전환사업과 수자원공사의 소수력발전, 동서발전의 태양광발전 설비가 CDM사업인증을 받아 온실가스 감축협력 사업에 앞장서고 있어 그곳을 찾아가봤다.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-40
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• 2017

This study aims to examine the electricity/energy regime of Thailand, the largest energy-hungry country in the Mekong region. This study examined how the electricity/energy regime of Thailand has been shaped and changed up to the present, not only at the national level but also at the sub-regional level covering the Mekong region. Meanwhile, according to the Paris Agreement in 2015, which will get in to effect from 2020, developing countries as well as developed countries have been given voluntary responsibilities and reduction obligations in response to global climate change. Under the post 2020 Climate Change Regime, Thailand also needs to revise its existing electricity/energy policy. We reviewed the recent energy policy of Thailand and evaluated the possibility of transition to a sustainable energy system based on Energy Trilemma's analysis framework. And we examined the roles and impacts of the Thai civil society on the national power and energy planning as well as in the future climate change policy. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that Thailand's electricity/energy regime has grown rapidly through the support of the West countries under the Cold War era. In particular, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT) played the key role in Thailand's energy policy. In addition, Thailand's geopolitical location and relatively high economic level compared to neighboring countries will continue to be of importance in the future construction of power grids in the region. Meanwhile, in the frame of Energy Trilemma, Thailand has still been vulnerable to environmental sustainability. Thai NGOs have resisted to as well as collaborated with the government to influence the existing electricity/energy policy in the various dimensions but their influence has weakened considerably since the coup in 2014. In conclusion, this study suggests to cooperate with government as well as civil society for sustainable energy transformation of Thailand and Mekong region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2016

지구온난화가 진행되면서 태풍, 홍수, 호우 등 기후변화에 기인한 재해의 피해수준이 심해지고 범위도 날로 확대되고 있다. 한국의 경우에도 집중호우와 그로 인한 침수피해 등 자연재해로 인한 피해가 늘어나면서 자연재해에 대응할 수 있는 재난행정에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 복합적인 양상을 보이는 재난에 효과적으로 대처하기 위한 행정체제에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 특히 재난행정이 오랫동안 발전해온 미국과 일본의 체제 각각에 대한 연구는 있어왔으나, 한미일 3개국의 재난행정체제를 체계적으로 비교하고 한국에 필요한 시사점을 도출한 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국의 행정체제의 발전에 오랫동안 지대한 영향을 미쳐온 미국과 일본의 재난행정체제를 분석하고 최근의 재난 양상과 관련해 한국에 필요한 시사점을 도출한다. 본 연구의 연구방법으로는 비교제도분석을 실시했다. 우선 선행연구 검토에 기반하여 재난행정체제의 비교분석에 필요한 비교틀을 구성하고, 분석틀에 기반해 한국, 미국, 그리고 일본의 재난행정체제를 비교한다. 분석결과 한국의 재난 행정체제는 미국 및 일본과 같은 재난행정의 선진국가와 비교할 때 재난관련 법률이 통합적이지 않고 분산되어 있어 상호중복 및 충돌의 소지가 있으며, 재난관리 단계에 있어서도 예방보다는 대응과 복구에 중점을 두는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재난대응의 1차 책임소재도 불명확하며 민간네트워크도 재난에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 수준으로 발전되지 않은 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 개선방안으로서 미국과 일본의 재단대응체제으로부터 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 기존의 분산되어 있는 기본법들을 통폐합하여 재난관리를 통합적으로 다루는 기본법을 제정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 지방정부의 재난대응역량을 강화시키고 보다 많은 책임과 권한을 부여해야 한다. 셋째, 재난관련 기관들의 역할을 명확히 분담하고, 정보를 공유하며, 조정기제를 효율화하여 재난대응시 협업이 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 이를 위해서는 분산적인 재난관리체제를 통합적 성격의 체제로 전환해야 한다. 넷째, 주민단위 재난대응조직과 협력의 틀을 구축하여 민관네트워크를 활성화하여야 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.479-494
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• 2017

After Fukushima incident, negative sentiment towards nuclear power has led to transition in policies that reduce the dependency on nuclear power in some countries. President Moon of Republic of Korea also announced a national plan of decommissioning retired nuclear power plants stage by stage. Therefore, nuclear power that once was considered the critical solution to energy security and climate change is now a limited option. This study aims to find an optimal energy mix in Korea's electricity system from 2016 through 2030 to combat climate change through energy transition with minimum cost. The study is divided into two different scenarios; energy transition and nuclear sustenance, to compare the total costs of the systems. Both scenarios show that electricity generated by wind technology increases from 2018 whereas that of photovoltaic(PV) increases from 2021. However, the total cost of the energy transition scenario was USD 4.7 billion more expensive than the nuclear sustenance scenario.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.253-258
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• 2008

우리나라에서 원자력 시설의 안전 확보를 위한 현장 규제는 원전 부지내에 설치되어 운용되고 있는 주재관실과 방사능 재난 발생에 대응하기 위한 현장방사능방재지휘센터 등으로 분산되어 있다. 원유 고유가, 에너지 안보, 및 기후 변화 협약 등에 대한 대응책으로, 신규 원자력 시설의 건설이 진행 중에 있으며, 이에 따라 원자력 규제 대상이 증가하고 있다. 지역주민이 신뢰하는 원자력 시설의 안전 규제의 필요성에 따라 현장 규제의 업무량도 증가하고 현장 규제 요건도 강화되고 있는 추세이다. 분산되어 있는 원자력 안전규제 시스템을 통합적인 체계로 전환하기 위한 방안들 가운데, 이 연구에서는 규제의 효율성/효과성을 향상시키기 위해 원자력 안전 지역사무소의 설치가 고려되었다. 이 연구의 주요 목적은 시스템 다이내믹스 기법을 활용한 지역사무소 설치의 타당성 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 이 SD 모델을 통해 지역사무소 설치가 규제 효과성을 포함한 다른 변수들에 미치는 영향을 전체론적 (holistic) 관점에서 평가할 수 있다. 이 SD 모델에서 이해관계자 (예: 중앙행정기관, 규제기관, 지방자지단체, NGO, 국민 등) 각각의 우선적인 목표는 갈등적 다중목표가 된다. 이러한 다중목표는 원자력 안전 규제의 의사결정 단계에서 거버넌스(governance) 체제 (예: 규제 기관, 사업자, 지역주민 등이 참여하는 체제)의 구축, 원자력 관련 민원 해결을 통해 성취될 수 있다. 시스템 다이내믹스 접근법의 주요 변수 정의 단계에서는 다양한 관점의 상호영향을 고려하면서 지역사무소 설치에 필요한 기본 개념이 도출되었다. 시스템 다이내믹스 접근법의 모델링 단계에서는 이들 기본 개념에서부터 지역사무소 설치 타당성 정책의 인과 지도(causal map)가 작성되었다. 이러한 인과 지도들로부터 지역사무소의 설치 타당성으로 이끄는 다양한 자기-강화 (self-reinforcing) 루프들이 발견되었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.389-401
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• 2003

The changes in structure and abundance of taxon or species groups in the East Sea ecosystem were compared between pre- and post-Climatic Regime Shift (CRS) occurred in the mid 1970s using an ECOPATH model. Although the East Sea ecosystem consisted of primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and terminal consumers most species groups were classified as secondary consumers. The mean trophic level between pre- and post-CRS increased from 3.09 during the pre-CRS period to 3.28 during the post-CRS period. Total biomass of the species groups in the East Sea ecosystem increased by $9\%$ due to the CRS, and total catch increased by $48\%.$ The most significant differences between pre- and post-CRS models occurred at the mid/high trophic levels occupied by fishes and cephalopods. Relative contribution of the different species groups to the total energy flow was calculated for the trophic level III. As a result, the status by the dominant species in the East Sea ecosystem shifted from cephalopods to walleye pollock due to the CRS. Relative contribution of 5 species, which were commercially important, such as Pacific saury, Pacific sardine, filefish, walleye pollock and sandfish in trophic level III, were also changed due to the CRS. Finally, the CRS turned out to cause large variations in biomass and catch of fisheries resources as well as the status and role of the major species.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.517-523
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• 2016

South Korea is the 8th biggest greenhouse gas emitter in the world due to its phenomenal economic growth based on manufacturing, and it is ranked first among OECD members for the rate of increase in emissions. Thus, the Korea government has voluntarily presented a reduction target and demonstrated global leadership. For the reduction of nation's GHG emission, importance of CCU(Carbon Capture and Utilization) along with CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage) technology development is increased. CCU technology is $CO_2$ utilization technology for the usage of $CO_2$ from flue gas and it can create a new economic value while reducing $CO_2$ emission. Therefore, with continued technology development, the number of application of CCU technology is increasing globally.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 2012

Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

This review paper discussed the decadal fluctuations in the catch of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus (T. pacificus) by focusing on migration and distribution patterns. Since 1980s, changes in T. pacificus catches were due to climate regime shift in Korean waters. Fluctuation patterns of catches were different between the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. Generally PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) phase shows a negative correlation with strength of warm current to the East Sea. In 1980s when PDO was positive phase (+), T. pacificus catch was higher in the Yellow, but it was lower in the East Sea. In 1990s when PDO was negative phase (-), T. pacificus catch showed opposite trend compared with 1980s. Such spatial and decadal fluctuations of T. pacificus catch were due to its northward migration along with the warm current or southward movement against the current. In the East Sea, strong (weak) warm current period, the current path has been shifted toward the East Sea coast of Korea (central East Sea or the coast of Japan). It has a correlation with PDO. In the positive PDO phase (1980s), the fishing ground was located on the eastern side of Ulleungdo, whereas during negative PDO phase (1990s), they were situated near the southeastern coast of the Korean peninsula. In the 1980s, volume transport passing into the Yellow Sea increased, whereas volume transport in the East Sea decreased. This is one of major reason increasing T. pacificus larvae in the Yellow Sea.