• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of mediating variables on the relationship between job stress and stress response. A survey was conducted to 243 clinical dental hygienists from January 15, 2013 to March 20, 2013 and the data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The subjects who worked in poor working environment, had high level of role conflict and overload and aggressive nature showed high stress responsivity (p<0.01). The variable that showed mediation effect on the relationship between job stress and physical discomfort, depression was shown to be personality type (p<0.05). Also, the variable that showed mediation effect on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention was social support (p<0.05). According to the results, personality type and social support were shown to be important parameters when it came to the relationship between job stress and stress response. Therefore, in order to reduce negative outcomes caused by stress, it is suggested to provide an educational opportunity on self-control management while increasing social support from the organizational and structural level. Especially, it is asked to expand the system that provides encouragement and recognition to feel the sense of achievement in the course of their duty execution.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.172-173
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• 1989

본 연구는 전국의 보건진료원이 하는 업무를 분석하여 우리나라 보건진료원 제도 정착에 도움을 주는 기초자료를 제공하는 연구의 일환으로 강원도 지역에서 실시하였다. 연구대상은 강원도에 있는 보건진료원 전수로 하였고 이중 응답자수는 108명이었다. 연구도구는 문헌과 간호교육자들에 의해 작성 된 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 피어슨 상관계수를 구하였고 유의성 검정을 위해서 t-test, ANOVA의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자인 보건진료원의 평균 연령이 31.5세이며 과반수의 보건진료원이 30세 미만 이었고 기혼자가 마혼자보다 약간 많았다. 보건진료원의 반수 이상이 현재 가족과 동거하고 있었고 학력은 3년제 간호전문대학 졸업자가, 경력은 3년 미만인 사람이 대부분이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 대부분 이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 안가진 사람보다 더 많았다. 또한 보건진료원의 근무지역 조건은 대부분이 을지에서 근무하고 있었고 대부분의 보건진료원이 신축된 보건진료소 시설에서 업무를 수행하고 보건진료소 내의 숙소에서 거주하는 것으로 냐타났다. 2) 보건진료원이 담당하는 평균 주민수는 1,660.8명 이었으며 과반수 정도의 보건진료원이 $501\sim1,000$명이 이상적인 적정 담당 주민수라고 생각하고 있었다. 강원도 주민의 연평균 보건진료소 이용자수는 4,099.3명 이었고 이용 주민수가 5,000명 이상인 보건진료소도 11개소 12.9 %나 되었다. 3) 보건진료소 사업대상지역 내에 있는 보건 의료기관은 약방 및 약종상이 62.1 %로 가장 많이 분포되어 있었고 보건지소도 16 %나 사업대상지역 내에 함께 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역주민의 보건의료기관 이용은 보건진료소가 59.0 % 로 지역주민이 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고 보건 진료원이 가장 많이 이용하는 의뢰기관은 뱅 의원이 66 %, 보건소가 36.4 %로 나타났다. 또한 보건진료소의 보건의료기관과의 협조관계는 보건소와는 과반수 정도가 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답 한 반면 보건지소와 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답한 율은 37.6 % 밖에 안되었다. 4) 보건진료원이 업무영역 수행 정도를 살펴 보면 5점 만점에 통상질환관리가 3.69점, 사업 운영 관리 및 지도는 3.45점, 모자보건 및 가족계획은 3.28 점, 지역사회 조직 및 개발은 3.27 점, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집은 3.17 점, 사업 계획 수립은 3.14 점, 지역사회 보건관리는 3.13 점의 순으로 나타났다. 보건진료원의 업무영역을 l 일 8 시간으로 하여 l 주 44 시간을 기준으로 측정하면 통상질환관리 18.56시간, 지역사회 보건관리 5.67 시간, 모자보건 및 가족계획 5.52 시간, 사업 운영관리 및 지도 4.10시간, 지역사회 조직 및 개발 3.05 시간, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집 2.94 시간, 사업계획 수립 2.89시간의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 보건진료원의 업무영역별 수행 소요시간의 상판판계를 살펴보면 지역사펴 조직 및 개발을 위 해 소요한 시간은 사엽계획 수립 소요시간 및 보건정 보체계 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를, 사업 계획 수립 소요시간은 지역사회 보건관리, 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리 소요시간 및 보건정보체제 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 통상질환관리 소요시간은 지역 사회 조직 및 개발, 사업계획 수립, 지역사회 보건관리와 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리, 사업운영 관리 및 지도, 보건정보체계 관리 소요시간과 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 6) 보건진료원의 총 업무수행 정도를 잘펴보면 업무수행 점수의 평균은 87.5점이었으며 보건진료원의 근무지가 병지이고 보건진료소의 시설상태가 나쁜 경우 업무수행 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 업무수행 정도와는 별 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.2 s.61
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• pp.323-334
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• 1998

To investigate determinants of health care utilization of the physically disabled over 20 years old in age living in Taegu city, a self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 337 disabled persons with chronic illness from April to July, 1997. Health care utilization .ate was 81.9%(69.1% for hospital or clinic and 12.8% for pharmacy). Marital status, job, health concern, and response to illness showed statistically significant relationship with health care utilization(p<0.05). By path analysis, job, economic status, medical security type and response to illness had a significant direct effect on health care utilization(p<0.05), however, health concern and regular source of care had an indirect effect. The reasons of no health utilization were due to economic problem(31.1%), no symptom(18.0%), inconvenience to seek care or no accompanying persons to be helped(14.8%), unseriousness of the severity of the illness(14.8%), too busy to be treated or no free time(8.2%), hopeless prognosis to be treated(6.6%) in order. In conclusion, it is recommended that the program for expanding medicaid, improving socioeconomic status by getting a job and health education to increase the health concern toward physically disabled should be implemented to increase health care utilization rate.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and perception of adults concerning bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) products. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 502 residents in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. According to the survey more females in their 20s responded than males (45.2 and 54.8%, respectively). In total, 82.6% of respondents had an income of under 4,000,000 won per month and most were living in the city. The results regarding knowledge about bokbunja products showed that the bokbunja wine score was highest (3.66), and intake frequency showed that over half of the respondents had never eaten bokbunja products. The preference for bokbunja wine by males was higher than that for females, whereas the others products showed higher scores for females than for males. When asked about how they knew about bokbunja products, 37.0% of males and 46.9% of females responded a family member or neighbor. When purchasing bokbunja products, males and females answered that they considered taste, country of origin, and manufacturer, and price. Approximately 48% of the respondents answered that they purchased bokbunja products in the grocery and department store. As a result, popularization of bokbunja products was based on product development and sales promotion, and the product development factor significantly influenced preference for bokbunja products.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the job stress and job stressors of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 220 dental hygienists who worked in north Jeolla province. After a mail survey was conducted from July 24 through September 24, 2006, the responses from 180 dental hygienists(response rate 81.8%) were gathered, and 156 answer sheets were analyzed except 24 incomplete ones that couldn't be analyzable. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the correlation of overall job stress to turnover intention, their entire stress was under the influence of unreasonable treatment (r = 0.382), conflicts as a professional(r = 0.285), tough working environments(r = 0.303), conflicts with colleagues(r = 0.233), and heavy workload (r = 0.262). Those who were more stressed were more willing to change their occupation, and their stress level made a statistically significant difference to that(p < 0.01). 2. A multiple regression analysis was carried out by selecting the job stressors and turnover intention as independent and dependent variables respectively to see how each of the stressors affected job stress. And unreasonable treatment(p < 0.001) was identified as what had the biggest impact on that, followed by conflicts as a professional(p < 0.05), and tough working environments (p < 0.05). The stressors made a 22.2% prediction of turnover intention.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.79-112
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• 2000

This study was focused on the contrasting pattern of part-time employment between Japan and Taiwan where the environments are similar in terms of expanding service industries and increasing flexibility of labor. In Japan, the expansion of part-time employment and its feminization have occurred, whereas they have not at all in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons behind this phenomena, and to explore what relations they might have with the supply of women\`s labor in each country. Data analysis showed the following results. First, when the phenomena of part-time employment in Japan and Taiwan are summarized as \`active\` and \`inactive\` models, the difference could be explained by a structure-oriented approach rather than an individual-oriented approach. In other words, the difference between the two countries is mainly because of the structural characteristics of the labor market. a combination of capitalism and patriarchy, and an effect of state welfare and family policies rather than a \`voluntaristic choice\` due tn household work and child rearing. In light of this. the labor market segmentation and flexibility of labor theory in particular provided a useful frame for explanation. Second, with regard to the supply of women\`s labor, the difference between Japan and Taiwan could be found in the structure of the labor market and in family response strategies. The large corporation-oriented and strictly divided labor market structure in Japan activated part-time employment and its feminization, whereas, the small family-oriented businesses and less divided labor market in Taiwan supported the continuity of full-time employment of married women. There was also a room for informal employment in Taiwan which made part-time employment unnecessary. This study showed that even within similar environments of expanding service industry and pursuing flexibility of labor different measures and adaptations were possible. The case of Taiwan in particular, showed the significance of an informal labor market which was a part of industrialization process and a strategy of producing various products through a subcontracting network.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was carried out to provide the basic information for developing intervention programs for volunteers by identifying the burdens felt by hospice volunteers and the factors related to such burdens. Methods: The subjects were 243 hospice volunteers at 8 hospitals of The Catholic University of Korea. A questionnaire was carried out: 25 questions about the burdens to the participants and 47 questions about the quality of life. The data obtained was analyzed using the SAS program to conduct t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Results: 1. The mean total score of the burdens felt by the hospice volunteers was $53.3{\pm}10.4$. There was no significant difference in the level of burden depending on the demographic characteristics of the hospice volunteers. But the burden in care of high education and low quality of life increased significantly. 2. The level of burden to the hospice volunteers decreased significantly as their families more favored their volunteer activities. The subjects felt the highest burden in: family care, physical care spiritual care, emotional care, and after-death care, in this order. 3. The level of burden related to each factors was high in the burden due to patient care, sense of achievement, and volunteer activities, in this order. 4. There was a reverse correlation between the level of burden to hospice volunteers and their quality of life. Conclusion: In order to reduce the burdens to hospice volunteers and to help them tate care of patients more effectively, it would be necessary to provide the education programs about practical patient care problems and to develop measures for improving their quality of life, taking into account their level of education, family's support, and difficulties in their volunteer activities.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, discomfort, spirituality, physical care, and opioid use on pain with terminally ill cancer patients in the hospice units. Method : The convenient sample of this study consisted of 58 terminally ill cancer patients at three hospice units in university-affiliated hospitals. Patients were interviewed with structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate multiple regression. Result : The results of this study were as follows : 1) The mean age of the participants was approximately 57 years. Regarding diagnosis, stomach cancer showed the highest frequency (24.1%), followed by lung cancer (17.2%) and rectal cancer (13.8%). Regarding motivation for admission to the hospice unit, the majority of the participants indicated pain control (67.2%), followed by spiritual care (39.7%), and symptom relief (27.6%). 2) The mean pain level measured by VAS was 5.13 (${\pm}2.61$). Regarding pain type, the highest pain frequency the participants experienced was deep pain (53.4%), followed by multiple pain (20.7%), intestinal pain (17.3%), and neurogenic (5.2%) and superficial pain (3.4%). 3) Regarding the factors influencing pain, the pain level was significantly affected by the depression level (P<0.01) and the opioid use (P<0.01). Conclusion, In summary, the higher the level of pain the terminally ill cancer patents had the higher the depression level as well as the opioid use. Thus, health care professionals need to continuously provide holistic care for them to die comfortably.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1996

Recently diseases related to personal health habit and lifestyle have become common in modern industrial society. These kinds of diseases can be prevented simply by changing one's lifestyle to be more healthy. As a result of realization our interest in general health has become stronger. The most basic environment for human-being in society is the home. Humans secure their livelihood, physically. mentally, and socially at home. Therefore health care at home is very important. In modern society the responsibility for this task is traditionally given to housewives. The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of the health knowledge, health concern, health behavior and family health care of the married women and to analyze its related factors. The subjects for this study. 1,100 married women who studied at social education institutes and who had children attending an elementary school or a kindergarten, were surveyed with questionnaires. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 7, to Aug. 19, 1995. With complement of questions, the main survey was carried out from Sep. 11, to Sep. 30, 1995. The data was analysed by using the SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics (1) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, the married women aged 30-39 were 54.8%, the average age was 39.8 years old. 33.8% of respondents had 6-10 years of marriage period, and the average marriage period was 14.9 years. Most of them(96.5%) lived with their husband. Those who graduated from college and graduate school were 53.4%. And 68.3% of respondents had no job. (2) In the family characteristics, 69.3% of the married women had 3 or 4 family members and the average family size was 4.1 person. 60.0% of the respondents had 2 children. Most of the respondents(90.9%) had no married children. 84.8% of the respondents lived with their parents. Those who reported that the total family income was more than 2,500,000 won a month were 32.3%. When making the decisions, 68.5% of the married women discussed the family matter with their husband. (3) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, 51.5% answered they were in good health. 61.7% of the married women answered they obtained the health knowledge through mass media. 24.3% of the women answered they had patients in their family in these days. 67.5% of the respondents answered they could generally control their health by themselves. 2. The Health Knowledge, Concern and Behavior. (1) For the health knowledge, the average score was 11.8. The lowest percent of correct answer(27.8%) was in the item about the skin tests for tuberculosis. And the highest percent(97.%) was in the item about taking a rest. (2) For the health concern, the married women had the highest concern about washing hands. But they were indifferent to smoking. (3) For the health behavior, the highest score was in "changing socks and underwear everyday", and the lowest one was in "taking a regular dental examination". 3. The Family Health Care (1) For the family health care, the item of "using a drug with the order of doctor or pharmacist" had the highest grade(4.78), and "consulting with the family physician about the health problem" had the lowest grade(2.03). (2) Older women and the women with a longer period of marriage had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). The married women who had 3 children had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). Those who had 5 or 6 family member and higher income had the highest level had the high level of the family health care(p<0.01). Women in good health and those who had the health knowledge from health experts had a high level of the family health care. (3) For the correlation of the family health care and other variables, the health behavior showed the highest correlation with family heath care practice(r=0.74) and the second was health concern(r=0.43). The variables which could explain the family health care were health behavior, the health concern and married women's health status(r²=55.87). The most closely associated with family health care was health behavior(r²=54.93)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to improve Korean food market competitiveness in China, and to develop product diversity. Therefore, the paper will discuss and analyze the feasibility of combining Korean and Chinese cuisines. The paper is based on a SPSS-analyzed survey of 255 Jiangsu residents focusing on the concept of breakfast, and the recognition of and preference for Korean food. The result showed a high level of eating out for breakfast in Jiangsu province and the expectation of many options. The respondents generally preferred porridge, steamed stuffed dumplings, noodles and other options that are relatively convenient. Korean foods such as bulgogi, samgyeopsal, tteokbokki and bibimbap generally enjoyed a high degree of recognition and preference. This study selected bulgogi, jeyukbokkeum, dakgalbi and japchae as the stuffings for steamed dumplings and an evaluation of sensory attributes including saltiness, sweetness, spiciness, and gravy was conducted using 30 professionals. Relatively high scores were recorded in all aspects. Compared with the reference product, the dumplings with Korean food stuffing achieved higher scores. As a new development and attempt, the steamed dumplings with Korean food filling evaluated during this test demonstrated feasibility and enormous market potential. The study provides a new direction and reference value for the Chinese breakfast market and for the penetration of Korean food into the Chinese market.