• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-298
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• 2008

In the reactor for the american standard test method (ASTM) D5757-95 with swirl injection nozzles, the attrition characteristics of sand was investigated. The change of particle size distribution and weight of fine particles were compared to identify the effect of swirl injection nozzle on attrition. The fine particles due to particle attrition increased with increasing gas velocities. The weight of fine particles due to jet attrition was changed with angle of swirl injection nozzle. The fine particles decreased with decreasing the angle of swirl injection nozzle. Also, the change of particle size distribution increased with increasing the number of swirl injection nozzles at the same flow rate.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.374-380
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• 2011

Carbon coils could be synthesized on nickel catalyst layer-deposited silicon oxide substrate using $C_2H_2$ and $H_2$ as source gases and $SF_6$ as an additive gas under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. The characteristics (formation density and morphology) of as-grown carbon coils according to the injection stage of $SF_6$ gas incorporation were investigated. A continuous injecting of $SF_6$ gas flow could give rise to many types of carbon coils-related geometries, namely linear tub, micro-sized coil, nano-sized coil, and wave-like nano-sized coil. However, the limitation of the geometry as the nano-sized geometries of carbon coils could be achieved by the incorporation of $SF_6$ in a short time (1 min) during the initial deposition stage. A delayed injection of a short time $SF_6$ gas flow can deteriorate the limitation of the geometries. It confirms that the injection time and its starting point of $SF_6$ gas flow would be very important to determine the geometries of carbon coils.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2005

Effects of gas injectino on the copper recovery form industrial waste water in a fluidized-bed electrolytic reactor were investigated. Effects of gas injection on the individual phase holdup and efficiency of copper recovery for given operating variables such as liquid and gas velocity (0.1~0.4 cm/s), current density ($2.0{\sim}3.5A/dm^2$) and amount of fluidized solid particles (1.0~4.0 wt%) were examined. The solid particle, whose diameter and swelling density were 0.5 mm and $1100kg/m^3$, respectively, was made of polystylene and divinyl benzene. It was found that the holdup of gas and solid phases increased, but that of the liquid phase decreased with increasing velocity of gas injected into the reactor. With increasing gas and/or liquid velocity and increasing amount of fluidized particles is not needed, the rate of copper recovery increased to a maximum value of and subsequently decreased. The recovery rate of copper increased almost linearly with increasing current density in accordance with Faraday's law.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2024

In the disposal environment, gases can be generated at the interface between canister and buffer due to various factors such as anaerobic corrosion, radiolysis, and microbial degradation. If the gas generation rate exceeds the diffusion rate, the gas within the buffer may compress, resulting in physical damage to the buffer due to the increased pore pressure. In particular, the rapid movement of gases, known as gas breakthroughs, through the dilatancy pathway formed during this process may lead to releasing radionuclide. Therefore, understanding these gas generation and movement mechanism is essential for the safety assessment of the disposal systems. In this study, an experimental apparatus for investigating gas migration within buffer was constructed based on a literature review. Subsequently, a gas injection experiment was conducted on a compacted bentonite block made of Bentonile WRK (Clariant Ltd.) powder. The results clearly demonstrated a sharp increase in stress and pressure typically observed at the onset of gas breakthrough within the buffer. Additionally, the range of stresses induced by the swelling phenomenon of the buffer, was 4.7 to 9.1 MPa. The apparent gas entry pressure was determined to be approximately 7.8 MPa. The equipment established in this study is expected to be utilized for various experiments aimed at building a database on the initial properties of buffer and the conditions during gas injection, contributing to understanding the gas migration phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.594-604
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• 2006

Gas fueling systems operated in the mode of a fixed valve opening at a constant line pressure, and the mode of a constant inlet flow are simulated to establish the relationships between the gas flow pattern and the tube dimensions under various system conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.240.1-240.1
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• 2014

대기압 플라즈마 제트 장치에 주입되는 기체의 유량 변화에 따른 방전 특성을 유체역학적으로 해석하였다. 장치에 주입되는 기체의 유량 변화는 레이놀즈수에 의한 유체 흐름의 상태 변화와 베르누이 정리에 의한 압력 변화를 동반한다. 유리관에 주입되는 기체의 레이놀즈수가 Re<2000이면 층류이며 Re>4000이면 난류, 2000

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2006

A gas fueling system composed of a gas reservoir, an on-off valve, and a gas transferring tube, which is the simplest construction for the pre-programmed gas puffing, was simulated by numerically solving the time-dependent one-dimensional gas flow equation. The purpose of the simulation is to establish the relationship between the gas flow pattern (the elapsed time to the maximum flow, the maximum flow rate, the gas pulse duration) and the system parameters (the filling pressure and the volume of the gas reservoir, and the length and the diameter of the gas transferring tube).

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2023

In this study, two phases were conducted to investigate the direct injection of gaseous CO₂ into cement mortar. The aim was to advance carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology by harnessing industrial waste CO₂ from the domestic ready-mixed concrete industry. In the first phase, the factors influencing the physical properties of cement mortar when using gaseous CO₂ were identified. This included a review of materials to achieve physical properties comparable to a reference formulation. As a result of this phase, it was confirmed that traditional approaches, such as adjusting the water-to-cement ratio, had limitations in achieving the desired physical properties. Consequently, the second phase focused on the optimization of CO₂-injected mortar. This involved studying the CO₂ application and mixing method for cement mortar. Changes in properties were observed when gaseous CO₂ was injected into the mortar. The optimal injection quantity and time to enhance the compressive strength of mortar were determinded. As a result, this study indicated that an extra mixing time exceeding 120 seconds was necessary, compared to conventional mortar. The optimal CO₂ injection rate was identified as 0.1 to 0.2 % by weight of cement, taking both flowability and compressive strength performance into account. Increasing the CO₂ injection time did not further enhance strength. For this approach to be employed as a CCUS technology, additional studies are required, including a microstructural analysis evaluating the amount of immobilized CO₂.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1996

수소동위원소의 실험과 취급 및 삼중수소 제거시설의 운용이나 더 나아가서 핵융합소재의 관리기술을 위해서는 수소동위원소분만 아니라 그들의 이성질체들에 대한 정성 및 정량분석이 필수적이며 이를 위해 기체크로마토그래피 분리법이 중요한 분석수단으로 활용되어오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고순도 $H_2및$ $D_2의$ 수소동위원소 기체를 대상으로 하고 상용의 기체크로마토그래피 분석기를 사용하여 분리컬럼 분위기를 액체질소온도로 유지하고 헬륨 케리어기체를 특별제작된 진공-시료주입장치를 통해 펄스주입하여 크로마토그래피 분리실험을 수행하였다. 10%함량의 염화망간으로 부분 비활성화 시킨 산화알루미늄을 고정상으로 선정하여 이성질체의 분리를 억제할 수 있었으며 흡착후 분리용리시간이 단축된 비교적 좋은 수소동위원소 분리조건을 실증하므로서, 저농도 수소동위원소의 정량분석과 고순도 수소동위원소의 분리 및 농축기술 개발을 위한 기초를 마련하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

A fundamental study on a gas injection variable thrust method for thrust throttling in a liquid rocket engine was conducted. The gas injection variable thrust has the advantage of not only being able to control the thrust with a simple structure but it also increases the atomization performance through the injection pressure drop that increases in direct proportion to the density reduction. In this study, spray characteristics such as spray instability, spray pattern, spray angle, and breakup length based on changes in the liquid mass flow rate and amount of injected gas were investigated using effervescent swirl injectors.