• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

I conducted empirical analyses of what happens when an offline channel expands to an online channel and whether the pre-existing offline channel's competitive assets (e.g. brand reputation and level of service satisfaction) can be linked to online channel preference. I found that an offline channel's brand reputation and level of service satisfaction can have a direct influence on offline channel preference and a second-hand influence on online channel preference. Thus, if the competitiveness of the online channel is strong enough and its customers have a higher preference for the offline channel, they will be committed and loyal to the company. The resultant enhanced competitiveness of the offline channel will present opportunities for both present and future success. The main results are the following. First, the management of the distribution channel service quality is more important than that of the brand reputation. Customers' experiences of service and subjective evaluations are not important only as the leading factors in the long-term brand reputation management but also as influential factors in channel preference. SoThus, given that the service quality of the pre-existing channel is not the customers' main concern, a strategy of improving the level of service satisfaction aimed at present customers is more valuable than a wide brand positioning strategy aimed at general and new customers. Second, when an offline channel company establishes an internet shopping mall on an online channel, it is highly likely that the preference and subjective evaluation of the present customers will influence the online channel. This applies not only to the special case of an expansion from an offline intermediary channel to an online one, but also to an online channel acting as an expansion of the business model of a conventional manufacturing or service company: both cases are vertical integrations of marketing channels in an expansion of the distribution channel. My theory applies to a wide range of contexts. Third and finally, any business strategy can grasp the meaning of 'channel expansion. Fundamentally, it is an expansion of the sales activity channel and marketing activity. However, it is also a way of enhancing marketing and sales competitiveness through an expansion to an online or offline channel. The expansion of an offline company to an online channel could be seen not as improvement but as an innovation of the business process by which two goals are achieved with one technique. The former is expected to increase the sales of the offline company, and the latter is also expected to increase sales while also contributing to cost reduction.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.248
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• pp.94-104
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• 2013

한국브랜드디자인학회는 학문적, 사회적 발전을 위한 연구, 학술 단체로서 국가와 기업의 효과적 브랜드 구축을 위한 연구와 학술발표 및 사회현장에서의 브랜드 및 브랜드디자인의 실질적 사례발굴과 현황을 조사하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국브랜드디자인학회 제27호에 게제된 내용이다. 연구 목적은 온 오프라인을 막론하고 많은 유통업체에서 적극적으로 개발하고 있는 PB브랜드, 상품, 패키지의 변화의 필요성을 강조하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 범위는 대형 마트, 대형 마트의 전체 매출의 75%를 차지하고 3대 대형 마트의 그로서리(Grocery) 제품을 중심으로 선행 연구, 자료 등을 연구 분석하고 PB브랜드 패키지 디자인의 발전 방향을 제언하고 결론에 도달하였다. 연구를 통해 PB가 변화하고 있는 유통환경, 소비환경, 소비자의 의식에서 대응하고 PB의 순기능을 지속하기 위해서는 브랜드 제품 패키지 디자인의 큰 변화의 요구되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. PB가 가격 할인이라는 경쟁력만으로 강력한 NB들과 자사의 한정된 유통공간에서 경쟁하기에는 많은 한계를 가지고 있음을 인식해야 할 필요가 있다. PB가 가지고 있는 한계는 대부분 관여도가 낮은 Me-too 제품으로 저렴한 가격을 유지해야 하며 적극적인 프로모션 활동에 제한이 있다는 것이다. 대부분의 PB브랜드는 다양한 상품군을 제품의 속성, 가격 등을 중심으로 한 네이밍과 레터마트로 디자인되어 있으며 NB브랜드에 비해 전략적인 부분에서 많은 차이가 있었다. PB는 프리미엄 브랜드로의 필연적으로 확장되어야 하는데 반해 브랜드 전략에 한계가 있음도 확인하여 PB브랜드와 패키지 디자인은 전략적이고, 차별화된 메시지와 정보, 확장성을 고려한 디자인과 특정한 방법으로 제한된 디자인에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제언하였다. 본 연구의 선행 연구 자료를 통한 연구와 주관적인 제언이라는 한계를 극복하기 위한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of perceived risk and brand attitude on licensing brands comparing with non-licensed brands(virtual brand). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in quasi-experimental design setting. I designed the experimental setting that there were two virtual companies to sell the luxury bags(symbolic goods) or cruise tour(experiential goods) and to launch their goods with own brand or licensed brand. The experimental groups were composed of women consumers who were familiar with consuming experiential goods and symbolic goods. Results from the experiment suggest that consumer's perceived risk on brands gives a negative impact on brand attitude. And congruence in goods types and licensed brand values leads to difference in the level of perceived risk. In experiential goods, brand licensing from famous and experiential brands can reduce perceived risk. But in symbolic goods, brand licensing effect which reduces the perceived risk is less effective than in experiential goods. This findings suggest that brand licensing may lower the level of consumer's perceived risk, but incongruity in goods type and brand value may result in strategic failure.

• Distribution Business Review
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• no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

Wal-Mart, Carrfour, Makro, Tesco, Costco... 언뜻 보기에는 세계적 유통업체의 순위를 나열한 것 같지만, 실은 국내 영업을 통해 이미 친숙해진 브랜드들이다. 국제화가 기업의 시장확장 전략의 하나라고는 하지만, 5-6년 새에 국내 유통 시장이 이러한 세계적 업체들의 각축장이 되었다는 사실은 여러 가지를 의미한다. 논의의 포커스는 먼저 이들 업체들이 진입하기 위한 충분 조건 즉, 국내 시장의 매력도에 맞춰질 수도 있고, 또 다른 시각에서는 왜 이러한 업체들이 시장확장을 해야만 했는가의 관점, 즉 필요조건에 포인트를 둘 수도 있다. 실제로 지금까지 진행된 소매 기업의 국제화 전개에 대한 논의는 대부분이 이와 같은 범주에서 양자를 모두 다루는 형태로 이루어졌다. 그러나, 국내 소매시장이 어떻게 국제화의 길을 걷게 되었는가를 살펴보는 본고는 후자인 필요조건 쪽 논의에 초점을 맞추고자한다.(중략)

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of brand evidence on brand value, brand trust, brand attitude and word of mouth intention. To achieve the purpose of the study, a research model and hypothesis were established based on previous studies, and survey was conducted on 222 passengers who had used the airline. As a result of the analysis, sub-factors of airline brand evidence had a positive impact on brand value. Except for employee services, perceived prices, core services, brand names, and brand logo had a positive impact on brand value. Brand value had a significant positive effect on brand trust and brand attitude. It was also found that brand trust had a significant influence on brand attitude. This study examined the extended range by adding the brand logo as a sub-factor of brand evidence, and it is considered necessary to study including brand emotion in next study.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.163-178
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find the effect of restaurant brand image upon service quality, price acceptability, and revisit intention, and to propose the importance of brand image to operators and managers who manage restaurants. To accomplish the purpose of this study, sampling was taken among customers who visit six deluxe hotels and six family restaurants in Seoul. Six hundreds questionnaires were distributed to each hotel and restaurant and 487 valid samples were selected for statistical analysis. The questionnaire consists of 77 items about demographical characteristics, brand image, service quality, revisit intention, price acceptability, and spending patterns. SPSS WIN 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. A research model was built up and three null hypotheses were established. Based on theses research model and three null hypotheses, the test was conducted, and the results are as follows. Brand image has an effect upon service quality, and furthermore this can be preceding variable of service quality. Also Service quality has an effect upon price acceptability and revisit intention.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.77-99
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• 2002

As current business environment is experiencing radical changes, interest in brands has increased theoretically and practically. The growing interest in brands creates the need for brand equity measurement and management models that help companies manage and fortify brands continuously. Given the situation, this study analyzes effects of brand equity on purchasing behavior of consumers. Outcomes of this study can be employed as integrated brand management system in order to satisfy corporate needs for systematic brand management. This model has been developed in an effort to transcend varied limitations of other previous studies and existing models. Consequently, the practical value of this model is highly expected. Beyond the mere concept of brand for establishing differentiated position against competitors, contents of the study cover extended forms of brand equity and brand performance. This model has been tested through practical applications of fifteen brands from three product categories. Despite several disparities among the categories, the study has revealed that the overall market performance of the brands is correlated with the brand power and other factors in the model. As the importance of brands is growing, brand management is an essential step for power branding. And brand management requires extensive brand diagnosis. The practical results of this study indicate that companies should put an emphasis on brand-oriented management as core strategy of their business.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.993-995
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• 2011

애플은 끊임없는 도전에 디자인을 무기로 효율적으로 대응하면서 세계 시장의 메커니즘에 새로운 장을 열었다. 디자인을 통한 차별화에 성공한 대표적 성공사례라고 볼 수도 있다. 가장 혁신적인 기업활동은 신제품 개발이다. 마하펜을 통하여 국내 문구브랜드의 대명사 모닝글로리가 필기구 시장에 혁신디자인을 도입함으로서 기업의 수익구조개선과 고가 수입필기구와 저가 필기구에 의존하던 시장을 국산화 하는데 성공하였다. 모닝글로리사는 마하펜개발 과정에서 다섯가지의 혁신적인 디자인을 개발을 도입하였다. 그 결과 기업의 수익구조 개선은 물론 마하펜의 브랜드 라인 확장을 거듭하면서 진화 발전하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2014

Looking at the case of countries or companies, the success and failure can be found a certain repetitive 'Pattern'. In this paper, global franchise company factors determine the success or failure of the Burger King on the market dynamism perspective, and looked to discuss its implications. The success or failure of a company in a country like pattern of the growth and erosion and stagnation and decline, and the pursuit of sustainable growth through relentless improvement reactivated. Burger King has more to strengthen brand equity oriented by the world's best restaurant through the development of aggressive marketing activities in the global market to regain its former glory.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2006

The product categories that can be sold on-line are expanding. It is interesting to see which product categories have more sales possibilities on internet. Small-sized firms' products have low distribution coverage, low brand recognition, bigger dispersion in the perception on the values which consist of quality vs. price, and higher possibilities of perceived purchase risks. Since on-line shopping is supposed to provide opportunities to small-sized firms that have low distribution and brand power, it is quite necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. There are virtually no research studies on the on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. In this study, based on the integration of SEC, FCB, and related concepts, we develop new theoretical framework and test the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories by conducting empirical analysis. The empirical results on 17 product categories show that SEC, FCB, purchase risks, brand factors are somewhat related. Unlike previous studies, since the fitness of SEC and on-line sales are not clearly shown, we need to consider those problems within inter-related multiple frameworks. That is, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales after defining the product categories within the integrated multiple frameworks rather than within the single framework.