• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2005

In order to investigate the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasite infections in Lao PDR, parasitological surveys were carried out on a national scale including 17 Provinces and the Vientiane Municipality. A total of 29,846 stool specimens were collected from primary schoolchildren in May 2000 June 2002 and examined once with the cellophane thick smear technique. The cumulative egg Positive rate For intestinal helminthes was 61.9%, BV species, the rate for As caris lumbricoides was 34.9%, hookworm 19.1%, Trichuris trichiura 25.8%,Opisthorchis viverrini 10.9%, Taenia spp. 0.6% and Hymenolepis spp. 0.2%. The northern mountainous regions suck as Phongsaly, Huaphan or Saysomboune Province showed higher prevalence(over 70%) of soil- transmitted helminthes. The regions along the Mekong River such as Khammuane, Saravaue or Savannakhet Province showed higher prevalence(over 20%)of fish-borne parasites. On the other hand, Schistosoma mekongi eggs were detected from1.7% of schoolchildren only in Champassak Province, a previously known endemic area. The highest prevalence was noted in Phongsaly Province(96.0%) and the lowest in Bolikhamxay Province(27.5%). An additional smal1-scale survey by cellophane anal swab detected Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 35.7% of 451 schoolchildren aged 6-8 in Khammuane, Vientiane, Champassak Province and the Vientiane Municipality. Meanwhile, the mean blood hemoglobin level of hootrworm-infected children was not lower than that of hookworm-uninfected children, suggesting that nutritional factors are more important than parasite infection per se. Nevertheless, the above results indicate that a nationwide parasite control project is necessary to reduce possible morbidity of parasitic diseases in the country.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1995

고래흰충유충증은 바다 포유동물에 기생하는 고래회충과(과)의 유충이 인체의 소화관 특히 위(위)와 소장에 침입하여 발생되는 질병으로 범세계적으로 보고되고 있다. 급성복통을 호소하는 환자를 대상으로 바닷고기 생식여부를 조사하고 위내시경을 관찰하여 위점막내로 뚫고 들어가는 고래회충과 유충을 적출하여 동정함으로써 진단하였다. 1989년 6월부터 3년간 남자 60명 여자 47명의 고래회충유충증 환자를 찾아내었다. 주요 증상은 상복부통, 급성복통. 구토 등이었고. 바닷 고기를 생식하고 4시간 내지 1일 이내에 증상이 생겼고. 대부분 1-3일 후 유충을 제거하였다. 위 내시경 관찰을 하였더니 유충들은 위의 몸체에서 제일 많이 발견되었고 유충이 침입한 위점막으로 부터 출혈. 부종. 미란 등이 관찰되었다. 적출된 유충 90마리 중 82마리가 고래회충(Anisakis simplex)의 유충이었다. 문진을 통해 확인된 환자가 생식한 어종으로는 조기. 바닷장어. 히라스, 오징어가 많았다. 농수산물센타에서 임의로 구입한 5가지 바닷고기에서 고래회충과 유충을 조사하였더니 고등어와 우럭에서 검출되었고. 내장 및 복부 근육에서 고래회충(Anisokissi simplex)과 물개 회충(Pseudotewqnova deipiens)의 유충 등이 검출되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1983

The Jinyang Lake is dammed up Nam River, and surrounded by Jinju city and four counties; Jinyang, Sanchong, Hading, and Sachon in kyongsang-Nam-Bo, Korea. The areas around this man-made lake have been known as an endemic focus of clonorchiasis in Korea. The present study was first aimed to know the distribution of freshwater mollusks including medically important snails, and larval trematodes shed from Parafossarulus manchouricus and Semisulcospira libertina. In addition to above studies, water analyses in each snail habitat were carried out in order to figure out a part of their environmental factors. This malaco-ecological survey was done at the sirs areas around upper, middle and lower parts of the lake for 4 months, August-November, 1983. Total nine species of freshwater mollusks were collected throughout the study: 4 species of gastropods: Semisulcospira libertina, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Parafossarulus manchouricus and Radin auricularia, and 5 species of bit.alves; Unio dcuglasiae, Ancdonta woodiana, Lamprotula gottschei, Corbicula yuminea and Limncperma lucustris. Out of nine species of freshwater mollusks, three species of gastropods; S. Zibertina, p. manchouricus and R. auricularia were medically important in terms of the transmission of digenetic trematodes to humans. P. manchouricus and R. auricularia were mainly collected from the shallow ponds and the irrigation channels with the muddy basin, but S. libertine and the bivalves were only collected from the stream of Nam River where the gravels and rocks were dominant. The levels of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and biochemical oxygen demand \(B.O.D._5)\ of the water specimens sampled from the study areas ranged from 6.0 to 9.6 ppm and from 0.4 to 1.6 ppm respectively. As a result, it is considered that water system around the Jinyang Lake might be relatively clean without any heavy pollution of aquatic microorganisms and organic materials during the period of this study. On the other hand, eight metalic constituents from the water samples were also assayed, and all metalic ions detected were remarkably low below the legal criteria. However, calcium ion in the water samples from the habitats of P. manchouricus was considerably higher than others. Infection rates of digenetic trematodes in the snails were 6.9% in P. manchouricus and 4.8% in S. libertine, respectively. P. manchouricus snails harboring with thc cercariae of Clonorchis sinensis were only 0.14% among the snails examined, and other trematode cercariae except cercaria of C. sinensis were: furcocercus cercariae, cercaria of Loxogenes liberum type I and II. S. libertine snails parasitized with the cercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were 1, 5% out of the snails examined, and no cercaria of Paragonimus westermani was found in S. libertine snails in the present study. Digenetic trematode cercariae other than M. yokogawai observed in S. libertina snails were: Cercaria yoshidae (B type) , Cercaria cristata, Cercaria innominatum, Cercaria of Centrocestus formosanus and Cercaria nipponensis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1986

산간지(山間地) 농촌(農村) 주민(住民)의 영양상태(營養狀態)를 파악(把握)하고자 식품(食品) 및 영양소(營養素) 섭취 실태 조사와 아울러 기생충검사(寄生蟲檢査)를, 20세이상(勢以上) 성인(成人) 45명(名)에 대(對)하여는 체위계측혈압측정(體位計測血壓測定) 및 혈액(血液) 성분(成分)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 식물성(植物性) 식품중(食品中)에서 곡류(穀類)의 섭취량(攝取量)이 높은 반면 두류(豆類)와 잡곡류(雜穀類)의 섭취(攝取)가 적었으며 채소류(菜蔬類)는 특히 침채류(浸菜類)의 섭취가 많았고 동물성(動物性) 식품(食品)의 경우 우유제품(牛乳製品) 및 난류(卵類)의 섭취가 적었으며 유지류(油脂類)의 섭취도 저조(低調)하였다. 그러나 육류(肉類)의 섭취는 많은 편이었다. 봄, 가을간의 식품(食品) 섭취 양상(樣相)은 뚜렷한 차이(差異)를 보였다. 즉 봄에는 곡류(穀類)의 섭취량이 많고 채소류의 섭취량이 적은 반면 가을에는 채소류(菜蔬類)와 육류(肉類)의 섭취량이 많았고 우유(牛乳) 제품(製品)의 섭취는 없었다. 가장 부족된 영양소(營養素)는 riboflavin, 칼슘 단백질(蛋白質), 열량(熱量), 철분순(順)이었으며 봄, 가을 모두 thiamin과 niacin만이 권장량을 상회하였고 retinol과 ascorbic acid는 가을에만 권장량을 상회하였다. 당질, 단백질 및 지방의 열량(熱量) 백분율은 82.2%, 11.6% 및 6.2%이었다. 신장(身長), 체중(體重), 흉위(胸圍), 상완위(上腕圍)등 신체 계측 결과(結果)는 남녀(男女) 모두 체위 기준치에 미달 되었다. 혈색소(血色素)함량(含量) 및 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比)는 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常) 수준(水準)이었으며 빈혈율(貧血率)은 44~50%로서 낮게 나타났으며 봄, 가을간 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 혈당치(血糖値) 및 혈장(血漿) 단백질(蛋白質), 지질(脂質) 농도(濃度)는 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常) 수준(水準)이었으며 단백질(蛋白質) 농도(濃度)는 봄보다 가을에 약간 높았다. 수축기(收縮期) 및 확장기(擴張期) 혈압(血壓)도 남녀(男女) 모두 정상(正常)이었고 봄과 가을간에 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 남자(男子)의 경우 혈장(血漿) albumin 농도(濃度)는 열량(熱量), 지질(脂質), 단백질(蛋白質), 칼슘 및 철분의 섭취와 total protein 농도(濃度)는 칼슘 및 철분의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보였으며 albumin 농도(濃度)는 단백질(蛋白質) 및 철분의 섭취와, phospholipid 농도(濃度)는 열량(熱量) 및 지질(脂質)섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보여 혈장(血漿) 단백질(蛋白質) 및 지질(脂質) 농도(濃度)가 영양소(營養素)의 섭취와 유관(有關)함을 나타내었다. 반면 여자(女子)의 경우에는 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比)가 철분의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보였고 triglyceride 농도(濃度)는 칼슘 thiamin, riboflavin 및 ascorbic acid의 섭취와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相觀)을 보였다. 남녀간(男女間)에 일관(一貫)된 경향(傾向)을 나타내지는 않았다. 남자(男子)의 경우 체중(體重)과 신장(身長)은 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比), total protein, albumin 농도와, 흉위(胸圍)는 적혈구(赤血球) 용적비(容積比), 상완위(上腕圍)는 total protein 및 albumin 농도와 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)을 보여 체위(體位)가 여러 혈장(血漿) 성상(性狀)과 유관(有關)함을 나타내었다. 반면 여자(女子)의 경우는 신장(身長)은 total protein 농도와, 상완위(上腕位)는 triglyceride농도와 유의(有意)한 상관(相關)을 나타내어 남녀간(男女間)에 일관(一貫)된 경향(傾向)을 보이지는 않았다. 기생충(寄生蟲) 감염율(感染率)은 극히 낮은 수준으로 봄, 가을간 유의차(有意差)는 없었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 1986

Recently there have been some reports on human infections of Echinostoma hortense in Korea. It was found that a few species of freshwater fishes were playing the role of the second intermediate host of E. hortense. However, molluscan intermediate host has not been identified yet in Korea. The present study aimed to establish the life cycle of E. hortense in laboratory. Experimental studies such as egg production from the rat, development of the eggs in vitro, exposure of miracidia to freshwater snails, shedding pattern of cercariae from infected snails, morphology of cercariae, cercarial infection to the second intermediate host and infection of metacercariae to the definitive hosts were done. In addition, epidemiological surveys on the infection status in inhabitants and house rats, and on the natural infection of larval echinostomes in the snails and fishes were carried out along the South Hangang-river. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The eggs deposited from adults in physiological saline were cultivated at room temperature($20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$). The miracidia were firstly observed on 8 days after cultivation, and 85.5% of the eggs contained the mature miracidia on 11 days after cultivation. More than 90% formed the miracidia when cultivated at temperature $22{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. Hatching of the miracidia began on 12 days after cultivation and continued for a week. The size of the miracidia was $103.0{{\times}}51.4{\mu}m$ in average. The motility of the miracidia were active up to 8 hours after shedding, but they were all dead within 10 hours after shedding. 2. A freshwater snail, Radix auricularia coreana was cultivated in aquaria. A hatched $F_1$ snails from the egg masses were exposed to 20 miracidia respectively. Escape of cercariae started on 15 days after infecton. Radix auricularia coreana was experimentally identified as the first intermediate host of E. hortense in Korea. 3. Cercarial shedding started on $15{\sim}20$ days after infection by snail, continued for about 10 days (8.8 days in average). Infected snails were dead within 32 days after the miracidial infection. About 1,335 cercariae($328{\sim}1,994$) per snail were shed in its life, and 119 cercariae in average per snail per day were shed. The cercariae were motile for more than 24 hours, and then squirming at the bottom until death. The body and tail sizes of cercariae were $356{\times}186{\mu}m$ and $510{\times}68{\mu}m$ in average, respectively. The rediae parasitized in the snail hosts were found mainly around the pericardial regions, and their size was $1,575{\times}258{\mu}m$ in average. The numbers of developing cercariae in a mature redia were 14 in average ($7{\sim}20$ in range). The numbers of rediae in a snail were 102 in average on 15 days after miracidial infection and 221 in average on 28 days. 4. Three uninfected Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, less than 6.5cm long were used in for the cercarial infection. They were all exposed with 755 cercariae, and examined at 5-day intervals starting from 10 days after infection. All the fishes were infected with metacercariae of E. hortense and a total of 275 was found infected(36.4%). The metacercariae were fed to rats and the adult worms were obtained on 15 days after infection. 5. The infected rats began to deposit the eggs on 11 days after infection. The number of eggs deposited per day per worm (EPD/worm) was $400{\sim}500$ on 3 weeks after infection and was increased to $1,000{\sim}1,500$ on 4 to 17 weeks, then decreased to 800 on 21 weeks after infection. 6. A total of 745 stool specimens collected from 576 male and 169 female residents of 8 different villages along South Hangang basin was examined. Out of 745 specimens, the eggs of Echinostoma sp. were found in 2 cases (0.3%). Of 34 house rats one showed egg-positive (2.9%). 7. Total 971 Radix auricularia coreana collected from 7 sampling stations were examined for shedding of cercariae. Three snails (0.3%) shed the cercariae of E. hortense. A total of 119 out of 542 freshwater fishes (22.0%) had the metacercariae of E. hortense. The fishes parasitized with the metacercariae were 4 out of 14 examined species. The infection rates of 4 species were 34.1% (106 out of 311) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 30.4% (7 out of 23) in Misgurnus mizolepis, 4.3% (2 out of 46) in Moroco oxycephalus and 22.2% (4 out of 18) in Odontobutis obscura interrupta. In summarizing the above results, the first intermediate host of E. hortense was found as Radix auricularia coreana in Korea. Also, it took about 46 days for the shortest completion of a life cycle of E. hortense in summer; that is, 10 days for miracidial development in eggs, 15 days for cercarial development in the snail, about 10 days for metacercarial development in the second intermediate hosts, and 11 days for the maturation as the adults in the definitive hosts. The natural infection rates of E. hortense in the intermediate hosts were relatively high but those in the definitive hosts were low in the middle areas of South Hangang basin.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 1980

A survey was made from March 1978 through Feb. 1979 to know infection rate of parasites and incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 rearing and fattening cattle herds (1746 Korean native cattle, 186 Holstein, 34 Charolais and 2 Hereford) raising in 28 cities and counties of Gyeongbug district. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of nematoda infection was about 49.0% in the examined cattle. These nematodes were identified as Mecistocirrus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Bunostomum sp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides sp. and other 3 species. Infection rate of nematoda in fattening and breeding cattle was higher than that in rearing calves, 44.3% of the positive cattle were infected with 2 to 5 species, and incidence of mixed infection was high in fattening cattle. 2. The rate of coccidal infection was 10.9%. Eimeria $z{\ddot{u}}rni$, Eimeria bovis and Eimeria bukidnonensis were mainly found in the examined cattle. The infection rates of cocidia in Holstein, breeding Korean cows, rearing Korean calves and fattening Korean cattle were 27.3%, 15.8%, 11.2% and 9.1%, respectively. 3. The rate of trematoda was 14.6% with Fasciola spp. (11.2%), Eurytrema spp. (2.0%), and Paramphistomum spp. infections (1.4%). Breeding Korean cows, fattening Korean cattle, Holstein and rearing Korean calves indicated 47.4%, 26.4%, 18.2% and 6.3% incidence of trematoda infections, respectively. of trematoda positive cattle, 76.6% were infected with Fasciola spp., 4. The rate of Theileria and Babesia infection was 62.7% in the examined cattle. Of these positive cattle 5.4% were infected with both parasites, 57.3% with Theileria, and 1.3% of rearing Korean calves and 22.6% of Holstein were found to have parasitized erythrocytes over 1.0%. 5. The incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 herds was 564 cattle (28.7%) of 154 herds (64.2%). of the diseases observed of skin occurred in 354 cattle (18.0%) of 61 herds (25.4%), diseases of respiratory system in 121 cattle (6.1%) of 34 herds (14.2%), diseases of digestive system in 38 cattle (1.9%) of 22 herds (9.2%), diseases of eye in 21 cattle (1.1%) of 13 herds (5.4%), diseases of urogenital system in 8 cattle (0.4%) of 8 herds (3.3%) and the other diseases in 24 cattle (1.2%) of 22 herds (9.2%). 6. Diseases of skin in 1968 cattle of 240 herds werds were observed in the highest incidence. Ringworm was observed in 13.3% of the examined herds, rearing Korean calves and Holstein showed high incidence. Scabies caused by Chorioptes bovis and alopecia localis along with infestation of lice (Damalinia bovis, Linognathus vituli) were observed in fattening Korean cattlein winter. 7. Diseases of respiratory system occurred frequently in rearing Korean cattle and Holstein. In the diseases of digestive system acute indigestion occurred in fattening Korean cittle, enteritis in rearing Korean calves and Holstein, and coccidiosis in rearing Korean calves maninly. 8. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis occurred in a fattening Korean cattle herd, sterility (2.0%) in breeding Korean cows, and theileriosis in Holstein calves were also occurred. In addition, poisoning and heat stroke were observed in several cattle.