• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-350
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• 2013

The decreased body, liver, kidney, spleen and testis weights of guinea pigs by TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-${\rho}$-dioxin) treatment (TT) were statistically significantly increased after treating red ginseng saponin fraction (SF) (p>0.01). After treated with SF, the decreased hematocrits values and numbers of RBC and platelet, activity of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase, levels of uric acid, total protein and albumin by TT were increased, and the increased numbers of WBC, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, activities of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased after treated with SF. And they all had a statistical significance (p>0.01) except for RBC, WBC, platelet, blood glucose, TC, calcium and albumin. From these results, we knew that SF mollified the acute toxicity induced by TCDD in guinea pigs.

• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.2 s.30
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• pp.73-77
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• 2006

인터넷 포털 사이트 다음의 조사 자료에 의하면 지난 몇 년간 인기 애완동물 베스트 10위 중 1위 개, 2위 고양이, 3위 물고기, 4위 새, 5위 거북이, 6위 햄스터, 7위 원숭이, 8위 뱀, 9위 이구아나, 10위 전갈 등 이었으니, 최근에는 마니아들로부터 한때 인기를 누렸던 기니피그와 고슴도치 이구아나의 등의 감소세가 두드러지고 새롭게 타란툴라(Tarantula)와 같은 이탈리아 맹독성 거미와 같은 독특하고 특이한 동물들이 개성시대에 걸맞게 새롭게 인기군으로 부상하고 있는 추세이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2001

In this study, we compared skin response between Hartley guinea pig and New Zealand white rabbit. New Zealand white rabbit was treated by a glycolic acid (0, 8, 24, 40, 56 mg/$cm^2$) and UVB (0, 0.4, 3.0 J/$cm^2$) for 14 days. Skin irritation by glycolic acid and UVB were increased in dose and time-dependent manners, and the combination treatment of UVB increased glycolic acid-induced skin irritation. Comparison the skin irritation index between guinea pig and rabbit showed that guinea pig was much more sensitive to glycolic acid and UVB. This study indicated that selection of reliable species of animal could be considered in chemical-induced skin irritation study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.329-330
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• 2022

태평양 도서국은 간선항로와 먼 거리, 적은 물동량, 수출입 불균형 등으로 해상운임이 높게 형성되어 있으며, 기후변화에 취약하여 항만운영에 제약이 많은 등 해상운송이 상당히 열악한 실정이다. 또한 해상운송 의존도가 상당히 높은 반면, 정기선 연계정도는 상당히 낮아 해운물류 경쟁력을 향상 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사회연결망분석(SNA)를 통해 14개 태평양 도서국의 국가 간 해상교역 구조를 파악하고 이를 통해 해상운송망 강화를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 대상국가 간 교역구조는 점차 복잡해지고 있으며, 점차 피지, 사모아, 파푸아뉴기니 등을 중심으로 Hub-spoke 체제의 해상운송 네트워크가 형성되고 있다. 역내 해상운송망 강화를 위해서는 분석결과에서 도출된 역내 주요 항만을 환적항으로 개발하여 해상운송 연계성을 강화하고, 카보타지 허용을 통한 정기선 입항빈도 증대, 인프라 개선을 통한 항만 운영탄력성 강화 등이 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2015

Purpose: Borage oil (BO) and safflower oil (SO) are efficacious in reversing epidermal hyperproliferation, which is caused by the disruption of epidermal barrier. In this study, we compared the antiproliferative effect of dietary BO and SO. Altered metabolism of ceramide (Cer), the major lipid of epidermal barrier, was further determined by measurement of epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and protein expression of Cer metabolizing enzymes. Methods: Epidermal hyperproliferation was induced in guinea pigs by a hydrogenated coconut diet (HCO) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, animals were fed diets of either BO (group HCO + BO) or SO (group HCO + SO) for 2 weeks. As controls, animals were fed BO (group BO) or HCO (group HCO) diets for 10 weeks. Results: Epidermal hyperproliferation was reversed in groups HCO + BO (67.6% of group HCO) and HCO + SO (84.5% of group HCO). Epidermal levels of Cer1/2, GlcCer-A/B, and ${\beta}$-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), an enzyme of GlcCer hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO, and increased to levels similar to those of group BO. In addition, epidermal levels of SM1, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase), enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, but not of Cer3-7, were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO. Despite an increase of SPT and aSMase in group HCO + SO to levels higher than in group HCO, epidermal levels of Cer1-7, GlcCer-A/B, and GCase were similar in these two groups. Notably, acidic ceramidase, an enzyme of Cer degradation, was highly expressed in group HCO + SO. Epidermal levels of GlcCer-C/D and SM-2/3 did not differ among groups. Conclusion: Dietary BO was more prominent for reversing epidermal hyperproliferation by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of Cer1/2, GlcCer-A/B, and SM1 species, and of GCase proteins.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Molecular techniques such as genetic transformation are powerful tools that can be used for the genetic modification of warm-season grasses. The P. meyerianum with high regeneration ability was used for establishing an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. We investigated various factors affecting Agrobacterium infection by examining GUS gene expression of pCAMBIA1304 vector. Among various concentration of acetosyringone and betaine tested for inoculation and co-cultivation, 10 mg/L acetosyringone and 60 mg/L betaine resulted in the highest transformation frequency in terms of GUS expression. The calli of 4 species of Panicum spp. with excellent tissue culture response were inoculated with Agrobacterium under the optimal infection conditions. The high activity of GUS gene was observed in all species and hygromycin-resistant calli expressing GFP were obtained in P. meyerianum, P. longijubatum, P. stapfianum and guineagrass Noh-PL1. Co-cultivated calli were transferred onto the selection medium containing hygromycin, and the hygromycin resistant calli were selected after 3 months. Hygromycin-resistant plantlets were then successfully regenerated from the calli and grown in a greenhouse. We confirmed stable insertion of hpt gene among the hygromycin-resistant plantlets of P. meyerianum by PCR analysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 1996

The neurogenic responses of tracheal smooth muscles to electrical field stimulation (EFS) is biphasic, consisting firstly of cholinergic contraction followed by a slow and sustained relaxation. It is well known that a sustained relaxation involves the inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic systems. This study was done to Investigate the relaxing agents and their action mechanisms by use of an organ bath with plati- ilum . The tracheal smooth muscle relaxation due to EFS was suppressed by L-NAME, the WO (Nitric Oxide) synthase inhibitor, and these effects were reversed by L-arginine, the precursor of NO. Also, L-WAME (HG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) increased the basal tension. Nitroprusside, the NO-donor, suppressed the tracheal basal tension greatly. Methylene blue, the inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, decreased EFS-induced relaxations and increa ed basal tension. Forskolin and isoprenaline, which are activators of adenylate cyclase, suppressed tracheal basal tension in the same way as nitroprusside. TEA (tetraethylammonium), the non-specific K'channel blocker, and apamin, the Ca"-activated K'channel blocker, increased tracheal basal tension and EFS-induced relaxations. Our results indicate that Pr3 Is released upon stimulation of the NANC (Won Adrenergic Won Cholinergic) nerves in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle and that the release of NO related with the K+ channel, as well as the release of other inhibitory agents< e. g.)VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide), PHI (Peptide Histidine Isoleusine) > mediated via CAMP (cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) may be Involved In sustained relaxation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2016

A highly efficient, rapid, and reliable multiplex polymerase chain reaction based method for distinguishing ten species of genus Cynoglossus (C. senegalensis, C. abbreviates, C. macrolepidotus, C. arel, C. semilaevis, C. interruptus, C. joyneri, C. lingua, C. robustus, and C. monodi) is described. The species-specific primer sets were designed base on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (1,500 bp). The optimal PCR conditions and primers were selected for ten of Cynoglossus species to determine target base sequences using single PCR. Multiplex PCR using the ten pairs of primers either specifically amplified a DNA fragment of a unique size or failed, depending on each species DNA. The length of amplification fragment of 208 bp for C. senegalensis, 322 bp for C. abbreviates, 493 bp for C. macrolepidotus, 754 bp for C. arel, 874 bp for C. semilaevis, 952 bp for C. interruptus, 1,084 bp for C. joyneri, 1,198 bp for C. lingua, 1,307 bp for C. robustus, and 1,483 bp for C. monodi with the species-specific primers, visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed perfectly distinction of the Cynoglossus species. The multiplex PCR assay can be easily performed on multiple samples and attain final results in less than 6 hours. This technique should be a useful addition to the molecular typing tools for the tentative identification of Cynoglossus species.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2008

Polymetallic sulphides means hydrothermally formed deposits of sulphide minerals which contain concentrations of metals including, inter alia, copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver. Nautilus is the first company to commercially explore the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits. The Company holds exploration licences and exploration applications for more than 370,000 $km^2$ in the jurisdictional seas of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga, the Solomon Islands and New Zealand along the western Pacific Ocean's Rim of Fire. Neptune Minerals is also a leading explorer and developer in this field, with exploration licences awarded totalling more than 270,000 $km^2$ in the territorial seas or EEZ of New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Federated States of Micronesia. These two companies now carry out the most active investment activities for seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits with a goal of commercial production by 2010. China and Japan carry out exploration activities for the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits to secure supplies of strategic metals. China carries out national R&D projects relating to deep sea mineral resources in the world ocean through China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRA). And Japan investigates her own EEZ for exploration of the seafloor polymetallic sulphide deposits. In consideration of aforementioned international activities of coastal nations as well as private companies for exploring the sulphide deposits, Korea shall prepare strategic plans : First, consolidation of the authorities concerned and legislative support; second, determination of main entity of the project; third, securing government's decisive investment of sufficient budget; and lastly, establishment of the mid, long-term plan for development of seafloor polymetallic sulphides deposits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.373-373
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• 2016

파푸아뉴기니 열대 우림에 서식하는 극락조의 가슴깃은 독특한 나노 구조를 가지고 있다. 이 독특한 구조에 의해 구조색이 발현된다. 또한 이 구조색은 입사하는 빛의 각도에 따라 색이 변화 하며 아름다운 색을 낸다. 극락조의 가슴깃의 구조는 keratin과 melanin으로 구성 되어 있는데 keratin과 melanin이 한 층씩 교대로 위치하여 multi layer 구조를 가진다. 가슴깃의 단면의 형태는 부메랑 모양의 구조로 되어 있는데 물질은 주로 keratin 으로 이루어져 있고 keratin 내부에 melanin rodlet이 층층이 박혀서 multi layer를 형성한다. 부메랑 모양의 단면에서 keratin 피질의 각도는 약 $30^{\circ}$ 정도로 이루어져 있고 내부의 melanin 기둥이 이루는 층은 약 $11.3^{\circ}$ 정도로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구에서는 극락조 가슴깃의 구조를 도식화 하여 입사하는 빛의 각도에 따라 나타나는 구조색을 FDTD simulation을 통해 계산하였고 실제 구조에 의해 측정된 reflectance spectra와 비교하여 특성이 유사하게 나타남을 확인 하였다. 실제 극락조 가슴깃의 반사 특성은 부메랑 모양 구조의 가운데 부분에서는 파장이 610 nm 정도인 주황빛이 주로 반사가 되고, 부메랑 모양 구조의 양옆 부분에서는 파장이 420 nm 정도인 파란빛이 주로 반사되어 나타난다. 그리고 각도에 따른 구조색의 변화는 보통의 multi layer의 특징과 다르게 나타난다. 입사하는 빛의 각도가 커질수록 reflectance peak가 나타나는 파장이 점점 짧아지는 특징은 일반적인 multi layer와 일치하지만 일반적인 multi layer가 입사 각도가 커질수록 reflectance가 커지는데 반해 극락조 가슴깃의 반사특성은 입사 각도가 커질수록 reflectance는 오히려 작아진다. 우리가 도식화한 구조를 FDTD simulation한 결과는 이러한 특징이 실제 구조의 측정 결과와 일치하게 잘 나타났다. 또한 keratin과 melanin층의 각도 및 두께변화에 따른 reflectance를 FDTD simulation을 통해 계산 해보았고 구조변화에 따른 특징들을 확인해 보았다.