• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2008

Various types of students activities presented in the clothing part of the current 'Technology Home Economics' middle school textbooks were analyzed to provide basic idea for improving the quality of content of text, which can arouse students' interest and practical use. Analysis was conducted for the units related to clothing contained in 10 different technology & home economics textbooks of 2nd grade middle school students approved by the Ministry of Education under the 7th national curriculum. Types of student activities were categorized based on "size of groups", "type of problems" and "methods of carrying out tasks" and the this study sought to explore future directions for action plans especially in terms of composition of contents, the methods of performance and suggestions. As a result, the volume of each part in clothing & textiles section was investigated. Among them 'dressing' part was found to make up the largest percentage of the clothing unit. And among the six of the detailed contents, "How to Wear Traditional Korean Clothes" and "Functions of Clothes", took up the largest space. In additions, the types of students activities and methods of implementing and how to performing tasks vary depending on publishing companies and detailed contents of areas. As a result, 'individual activities', 'structured problem', and 'problems that require prior home-based experience' were most common types of activities. Based on this study, it is suggested to increase the number of small group activities and the activities that require diverse problem-solving methods.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.565-576
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• 2022

The scope and functions of a conversational agent are gradually expanding. In particular, research and technology development is being conducted on a conversational agent that can speak first without user calls. However, still in its early stages, there is a lack of research on how a preceded utterance conversational agent will affect users. Accordingly, this study conducted a 2×3 mixed design using the user's task performance condition and the agent's self-exposure as independent variables and measured Intimacy, Functional Satisfaction, Psychological Reactance, and Workload as dependent variables to identify the effects of preceded utterance conversational agent on user experience.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.801-804
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• 2006

입시위주의 암기식 교육풍토 개선을 위한 하나의 방편으로 1999년부터 전국 초 중등학교에서 수행평가가 실시되고 있다. 수행평가는 학생에게 학습과제를 제시하여 수행과정과 결과를 관찰하고 판단하는 평가 방식으로, 단편적인 영역에 대해 일회적으로 평가하지 않고 학생 개개인의 변화 발달과정을 전체적으로 파악하기 위해 종합적이면서도 지속적으로 평가하여야 한다. 그러나 현 교육여건 하에서 과도한 수의 학생을 관찰하여 결과를 처리해야하는 교사와 체계적이지 않은 수행평가 운영방식으로 수시로 평가를 받아야 하는 학생에게 수행평가는 본연의 기능과 의미를 상실해가고 있다. 이에 교사의 수행평가 업무를 관리하여 업무량을 경감시키고, 학생의 수행평가 일정과 성적을 관리하여 성장과 발달에 도움을 줄 수 있는 수행평가 관리 시스템을 구현하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-48
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• 2003

본 연구는 마케팅의 네 가지 경험적 접근방법, 즉 정보탐색적 접근, 브랜드 컨셉으로서의 경험, 즐거움의 경험, 총체적 경험 등의 내용을 살펴보고 이들의 기여와 문제점 및 한계를 살펴보았다. 또한, 감성적 경험과 소비 시점의 경험에 관해서도 논의하였다. 경험적 접근방법은 새로운 마케팅 수단으로 충분한 잠재력을 가지고 있으며 인지적 접근, 브랜드의 기능적 혜택을 강조하는 기존 마케팅 방식과는 상당한 차이가 있다. 하지만, 경험적 접근방법 앞으로 해결해야 할 많은 과제가 남아 있으며, 일부 실무적인 서적들이 주장한 바 와 같이 인지적, 기능적 마케팅 방식을 대체하는 것은 아니라고 할 수 있다. 기존 전통적인 마케팅 방식에 대하여 보완적 역할을 수행할 수 있으며, 제한적인 조건에서만 적합한 방식으로 평가할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2008

전력계통 컨트롤센터에서 사용되는 SCADA/EMS 응용프로그램은, 전력계통의 해석을 위해 특정한 포맷의 입력데이터 파일을 사용하는 일반적인 오프라인 응용프로그램과는 달리, 물리적 특성이 통합된 전력계통 데이터베이스 기반위에서 수행된다. 응용프로그램들은 데이터베이스를 통해 필요한 데이터를 상호 교환하며, 개별 응용프로그램은 데이터베이스와 연동하는 사용자화면을 통해 컨트롤센터의 운전원과 상호작용을 하게 된다. 따라서 전력계통 데이터베이스 기반위에서 수행되는 EMS용 응용프로그램을 개발하기 위해서는 먼저 프로그램 고유의 기능적인 측면은 물론 운전원을 포함한 여러 사용자를 위한 프로그램 운용적인 측면의 요소까지 종합 분석하여 필요한 기능과 화면 그리고 그에 따른 데이터를 도출해야 한다. 도출된 기능 및 화면설계안에 따라 개발된 프로그램과 사용자화면은 모든 입출력 데이터들이 반영된 데이터베이스와의 인터페이스를 통해 통합 EMS용 응용프로그램으로서의 형태를 갖추게 된다. 최종적으로 응용프로그램은 사전에 준비된 시험절차에 따라 검증(프로그램의 정확성, 신속성 그리고 신뢰성을 평가)과정을 수행한다. 본 논문은 전력IT 국가전략과제로 개발 진행 중인 한국형 EMS(K-EMS) 응용프로그램의 개발 프로세스와 각 프로세스에서의 고려사항들을 소개함으로써, 한국형 EMS를 위한 응용프로그램의 추가 개발 혹은 전력계통 데이터베이스 구축과 이를 활용한 응용프로그램의 개발을 위한 방법론을 제안하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.286-294
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• 2010

This study was performed to identify the cerebral network associated with sensation through the tickling stimulation, which is distinctive from the rest of other networks processing normal stimulation and to investigate the difference of laughing mechanism which is closely related to tickling using functional MRI(fMRI). A 16 healthy volunteers (mean age: 28.9) on a 3.0T MR scanner during two sensation conditions. Counterbalanced stimulus were presented across the participants, and the stimulation was used block design. Acquired data was analyzed by the statistical parametric mapping (SPM 99). Subject and group analysis was performed. Individual analysis showed the activation of somatic sensation area in both tasks and the tickling sensation test showed more activated area in the Wernicke's area(BA40) compared to the normal sensation. The group analysis result shows that under normal stimulations, both sides of somatosensory cortices(BA 1,2 and 3) were activated and under tickling stimulation, not only the cortices but also those huge activation on thalamus, cingulate gyrus and insular lobe were detected. When the tickling was stopped, significant activations were shown in right cingulate gyrus, left MFG area and left insular lobe. A cerebral area responsible for recognizing tickling sensation was examined and the primitive stimulation such as tickling is much closely related to laugh, which is an important factor for various social activities.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

Purpose : This study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated $(30\%)$ oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition using time course data analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Materials and Methods : To select an item set in the visuospatial performance test, two questionnaires with similar difficulty were developed through group testing. A group test was administered to 263 college students. Two types of questionnaire containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition. Eight college students (right-handed male, average age of 23.5 yrs) were examined for fMRI study. The experiment consisted of two runs of the visuospatial cognition testing, one with $21\%$ level of oxygen and the other with $30\%$ oxygen level. Each run consisted of 4 blocks, each containing control and visuospatial items. Functional brain images were taken from 37 MRI using the single-shot EPI method. Using the subtraction procedure, activated areas in the brain during visuospatial tasks were color-coded by t-score. To investigate the time course data in each activated area from brain images, 4 typical regions (cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe) were selected. Results : The average accuracy was $50.63{\pm}8.63$ and $62.50{\pm}9.64$ for $21\%\;and\;30\%$ oxygen respectively, and a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy between the two types of oxygen (p<0.05). There were more activation areas observed at the cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe and frontal lobe with $30\%$ oxygen administration. The rate of increase in the cerebellum, occipital lobe and parietal lobe was $17\%$ and that of the frontal lobe, $50\%$. Especially, there were increase of intensity of BOLD signal at the parietal lobe with $30\%$ oxygen administration. The increase rate of the left parietal lobe was $1.4\%$ and that of the right parietal lobe, $1.7\%$. Conclusion : It is concluded that while performing visuospatial tasks, high concentrations of oxygen administration make oxygen administration sufficient, thus making neural network activate more, and the ability to perform visuospatial tasks increase.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2003

The present study attempted to observe what changes the supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen cause to people's ability of visuospatial cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). This study sampled eight male university students (the average age : 23.5) as subjects for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study It also developed equipment that supplies 21% and 30% oxygen) at a constant rate of 8L/min. Two questionnaires containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition, and accuracy was calculated from the result of task performance. The experiment paradigm consisted of the run conducting tasks at 30%'s concentration of oxygen and another run at 21%'s concentration of oxygen. Each run was composed of four blocks and each block included eight control tasks and five visuospatial taks. 3T MRI was used and fMRI was obtained through the single-shot EPI method. The activation in the occipital-associated area, bilateral superior parietal lobes, bilateral inferior parietal lobes. bilateral precuneus, bilateral postcentral gyri, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, bilateral medial frontal gyri, bilateral superior frontal gyri, bilateral cingulate gyri was significantly increased at the 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. Furthermore, the result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30%'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%'s. From the result of this study, it is concluded that the supply of highly concentrated oxygen has a positive effect on the ability of visuospatial cognition.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.730-740
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary science teachers' brain activation and functional connectivity during scientific observation on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate science teachers' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with block design was used to measure BOLD signals in their brains. The SPM2 software package was applied to analyze the acquired initial image data from the fMRI system. The results have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral superior parietal lobule, the left inferior parietal lobule, the left precuneus, the left superior occipital gyrus, the right middle occipital gyrus, the right precuneus, the left inferior occipital gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus were significantly activated during participants' scientific observation. The network model consisted of eleven nodes (ROIs) and its ten connections. These results suggested the notion that scientific observation needs a connective cooperation among several brain regions associated with observing over just a sensory receiving process.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.109-133
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• 2022

Episodic memory consists of a core event and the associated contexts. Although the role of the hippocampus and its neighboring regions in contextual representations during encoding has become increasingly evident, it remains unclear how these regions handle various context-specific information other than spatio-temporal contexts. Using high-resolution functional MRI, we explored the patterns of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and cortical regions' involvement during the encoding of various types of contextual information (i.e., journalism principle 5W1H): "Who did it?," "Why did it happen?," "What happened?," "When did it happen?," "Where did it happen?," and "How did it happen?" Participants answered six different contextual questions while looking at simple experimental events consisting of two faces with one object on the screen. The MTL was divided to sub-regions by hierarchical clustering from resting-state data. General linear model analyses revealed a stronger activation of MTL sub-regions, the prefrontal lobe (PFC), and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) during social (Who), behavioral (How), and intentional (Why) contextual processing when compared with spatio-temporal (Where/When) contextual processing. To further investigate the functional networks involved in contextual encoding dissociation, a multivariate pattern analysis was conducted with features selected as the task-based connectivity links between the hippocampal subfields and PFC/IPL. Each social, behavioral, and intentional contextual processing was individually and successfully classified from spatio-temporal contextual processing, respectively. Thus, specific contexts in episodic memory, namely social, behavior, and intention, involve distinct functional connectivity patterns that are distinct from those for spatio-temporal contextual memory.