• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Fresh-cut agricultural products provide convenience to consumers. However, quality changes or microbial growth can easily occur due to physical changes such as cutting and peeling etc. during processing. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop a functional packaging for extension of shelf life of fresh-cut agricultural products, food etc., and researches on prolongation of storage period have been actively developed. The shelf life is extended by antimicrobial, far infrared rays, air permeability, anti-fogging, weak current, ethylene gas adsorption or decomposition, gas composition changes such as MA (Modified Atmosphere) or CA (Controlled Atmosphere). The method of extending the shelf life by various complex factors. This paper based on the published literature to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut agricultural products, food etc., The paper has summarized the storage period extension packing method, packaging material for shelf life extension and comprehensive evaluation method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of functional MA films (FMA) masterbatched by zeolite powder treated with 1 N HCl, 0.5 N NaCl solution and anti-fogging agent (NA) compared with control on the freshness extension of 'Fuji' apples during storage at $15^{\circ}C$. Preference, weight loss, total ascorbic acid, sugar content, acidity, change of gas composition in package were measured. After 150 days of storage, the weight loss of control (L) apples was 1%, that of apple in FMA film (NA) was 1.5% after 150 days. Total ascorbic acid content of apples in control (L) after 150 days was 2.09 mg%, those of apple in FMA film (NA) was 2.72 mg%. The titratable acidity of apple in FMA film was higher than that in control, while soluble solids content of apples in FMA film was lower than that in control after 150 days. Ethylene gas adsorbability in control was 192.2 ppm and those in FMA film was 141.4 ppm after 150 days. Overall, apples in FMA film was better than that of control. It was verified that apples packed with LLDPE film (control) lasted about 130days, while those with FMA films lasted about 170 days. Also, FMA films treated with anti-fogging agent few different compare to nontreated film, but commerdity on the display in market was considered higher than that of non-treated anti-fogging agent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2002

The main function of plastic materials in food packaging is to preserve a food for safe transportation and storage. The interactions between food and plastic materials in food packaging have become increasingly important for food quality and safety because monomer, low molecular weight components, or additives of plastic packaging materials can migrate into a food. The use of antioxidants in plastic materials can help protect the degradation of film itself and retard the oxidation of a packaged food containing lipid, through the migration of antioxidant from the packaging to a product via an evaporation / sorption mechanism. Nowadays, antioxidant (BHT) impregnated plastic materials are used for commercial food packaging application with the intention of achieving an extended shelf life of food in USA. Alpha tocopherol, as one of the most important free radical scavengers, has been well known in biological systems. Moreover, the potential use of alpha tocopherol as an additive for polymers used in the packaging industry may offer the most positive perception from both consumers and manufacturers. Alpha tocopherol has been used as an antioxidant for polyolefin resins fabricated to both bottles and film and has applications in the food packaging industry as a replacement for BHT. Today, alpha tocopherol offers an attractive choice for use as an antioxidant in polymers. This paper provides an overview of antioxidant effectiveness and applications for its use by the food packaging industry based on the evaporation-sorption mechanism of a packaging model product, where quality is associated with lipid oxidation. Important analytical techniques for predicting antioxidant interaction between the package system and product are discussed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.345-356
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• 2012

Road pavement requires repetitive maintenance works to maintain satisfactory service level to the public. However, the repetitive maintenance works upon deteriorated pavement structure make negative effects to deterioration speed. It often leads to inefficient use of limited budget. For that reason, the pavements require reconstruction work to recover their original performance. Recently, construction demands in the Korean national highway have already been reached to maximum level, and the aged pavements start to demand much more reconstruction works. However, in the real world, road agencies have often been confused when they determine maintenance design for such aged road sections due to budget constraint. It is because there is no reliable long-term maintenance strategy that supports their decision making. To support their decision making, this paper aimed to suggest the best maintenance strategy considering changing process of pavement performance by repetitive maintenance works. As an analysis method, probability distribution and hazard function to estimate the life expectancy were adopted, and then the results were used for long-term life cycle cost analysis with deterministic or Monte-Carlo method under various scenarios. As an empirical study, the Korean national highway data that has long-maintenance history data since 1986 has been applied. Last, this paper considered quality assurance of maintenance work to improve maintenance quality. These could be important information as a part of long-term maintenance strategy of pavement.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3D
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• pp.271-278
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• 2010

Semi rigid pavement is a pavement type using advantages of both flexibility of asphalt pavement and rigidity of concrete pavement by infiltrating cement paste into voids of open graded asphalt mixtures. The semi rigid pavement has better smoothness and smaller driving vibration or noise comparing to the concrete pavement, and has smaller permanent deformation and has temperature falling effect comparing to the asphalt pavement. The temperature falling effect were investigated at a semi rigid overlay pavement test section, and the temperature falling and water retaining effects were verified by measuring the temperature and weight of specimens at a housetop. Horizontal and vertical stresses and strains were compared by structural analysis of the semi rigid pavement and asphalt pavement using the Abaquser o, a commercial 3D finite element analysis program. The results were verified by Bisar 3.0, a multi-layered elastic analysis program. Performance of the semi rigid pavement and asphalt pavement were compared by predicting fatigue cracking based on the structural analysis results.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2000

The fresh ginseng was packed individually with a soft film bag, ONY/LDPE/L-LDPE (20$\times$30 cm, 93 ${\mu}m$) and stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for twenty days. The Quality-related appearance parameters and the sensory characteristics of the fresh ginseng were evaluated. The quality of the fresh ginseng was lowered mainly due to hardness decrease with increasing storage time, while the occurrence of mould was rarely observed. The normal ginseng had strong fresh ginseng odor and strong bitter taste and its hardness was well maintained during twenty days. The softened ginseng had pungent and sour odor, sweet and sour taste and sticky texture.

• The Monthly Technology and Standards
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• s.12
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• pp.67-78
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• 2003

In order to keep a characteristic corrugated fibreboard of fruits and flowers, temperature and humidity change of corrugated fibreboard are analyzed. According to relative humidity rises at fixed temperature, bursting strength of corrugated fibreboard was fallen and double wall corrugated fibreboard appeared greatly the bursting strength decline rate than double faced corrugated fibreboard and edgewise compressive strength of paper more than humidity 80% in rapidly fall. A column crush test of paper became decrease in the high temperature and ordinary temperature strength did over humidity 70% rapidly fallen and strength decrease happened by low temperature 80% slowly fallen and later rapidly. According to ISO standard temperature humidity conditioning (23$\pm$2 , 50$\pm$2%) change, pulp composition difference as to the ring crush strength of a physical strength and generally compare to KS standard increased 5∼8% for the compressive strength, and wet strength reagent was increased 4% inside and out.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

In this study we surveyed the preferences of consumer packaging for mini pot flower plants to improve the flower market application in Korea. The surveys were consisted of the consumers residing in Seoul metropolitan (221), Gyeonsang (70), Jeonla (29), Chungceong (19), Gangwon (7), other provinces (3). A total of 349 eligible respondents (male 173, female 176) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire asking on the general characteristics for residents, packaging material, packaging design, type of flower pot, degree of transparency, convenience, consumer's demand for packaging development, a significant point when purchasing the flower pot product. The collected date was analyzed using a chi-square (${\chi}^2$) statistical test in SPSS program. Most residents prefer for mini pot flower plants packed with packaging characteristics of plastic material (56.4%), packaging design of separated type (76.2%), angled type (62.5%), and transparency (48.6%). The other question results showed that major consumer's demand for mini pot flower plants is maintaining the freshness quality and stability structure for them. Transparency of packaging can also affect directly the preferences for purchasing the mini pot flower plants. The packaging structure with a proper shape design may protect the fresh mini pot flower plants from shock or any other damage during distribution. The results of this study help to provide consumer's demand for packaging development and to give the greatest advantages in terms of production and marketability of mini pot flower plants.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2017

Nano-packaging is defined as food packages produced with nanoparticles or using nanotechnology in their process. Nano-packaging has become more available in the current market because of its enhanced functional properties such as antimicrobial and barrier properties. However, consumers have worried about toxicity by migration of nanomaterials from packaging to food. Currently, many commercialized products are coated or composited with inorganic nanomaterials such as nanosilver, nanoclay, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and so on. In this study, nanomaterials used in food packaging were classified and the commercially available nano-packaging were screened. Study on the migration of nanomaterials in various food simulants was also summarized.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.2 s.16
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

This study is a fundamental research for developing self-deicing function of snow-melting asphalt concrete for roadway pavement. The objective of this study is to develop technology of making self-snow-melting asphalt pavement and evaluate properties of the asphalt concrete containing deicers. Asphalt concrete with deicers and CRM was produced by dry process. The $\alpha$-deicer, CRM and F-deicer were used for sand asphalt mixtures of thin-layer pavement on the existing pavement. The $\alpha$-deicer, $\beta$-deicer, CRM A, CRM B and C were used for 13mm dense-graded mixtures on surface course. Penetration grade of 60-80 asphalt was used for asphalt mixtures. Marshall mix-design, indirect tensile strength, freezing and thawing test, analysis of extracted water were carried out to evaluate performance of self deicing function of asphalt mixtures. The study result showed that snow-melting asphalt mixtures had not only good mechanical characteristics and good snow-melting function, but also chemically safe in environmental point of view.