• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Catalytic filter has many advantages for the industrial application owing to its bi-functional ability to treat nitrogen oxides and particulate simultaneously. The technical feasibility of using the catalytic filter in the flue gas treatment process will be more promoted if the high porous ceramic sheet filter is utilized. However, it is not easy to prepare the effective catalytic filter using sheet filter as it has less room for catalyst support due to its thin layer. In this study, catalytic filter using a domestic ceramic sheet filter element has been prepared and conducted the experimental evaluation for NO reduction performance. The current sheet filter element shows the low catalytic activity less than 92% conversion for NO concentration 700 ppm at the face velocity $0.02m\;s^{-1}$. This unexpected low catalytic activity seems to be caused by the present of extraordinary large pores from the lack of uniformity in the pore size distribution of the sheet filter. The large pore size of the sheet filter is reduced by composing the smaller powder as its raw material, which presents improvement in NO conversion more than 96%. More improvement is observed showing 98% NO conversion which is applicable to a commercial plant when the catalyst coating layer is expanded by adding the large $TiO_2$ particles during the catalyst preparation. Both of above two methods is regarded as that the broad gates of the larger pores in the coating layer are effectively filled with the proper catalyst. So these results encourage the utilization of sheet filter as a good catalytic filter material with its potential merit of high permeability.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 1995

가토 20마리의 혈액중 혈소판의 수를 수정 전후로 조사한 결과, 수정전과 비교하여 수정후 1일부터 유의하게 감소하였으며 (26.84%, P<0.01), 이러한 감소는 수정후 5일까지 계속되었다. 수정후 5일동안 혈소판의 감소율과 혈소판의 최저치를 수정란의 수와 비교한 바, 이들간의 유의한 상관관계(r=0.5032)가 있었다. 가토수정란 (2세포기) 각각 30∼40개를 5마리의 비장적출수란가토의 난관에 이식한 다음, 혈소판수의 변화를 조사한 결과, 이식전에 비해 이식후 90분 (P<0.025)과 135∼270분 (P<0.025)에 유의한 감소를 확인하였따. 특히 수정란 이식후 180분경에 가장 크게 감소하였다 (P<0.001). 60∼70개의 2세포기 가토수정란을 24시간 배양한 다음, 배양액을 3마리의 비장적출가토에 주사한 후 혈소판의 변화를 조사하였을 때, 주사후 120분경부터 혈소판의 수가 유의하게 감소하기 시작하였다. 이들 배양액을 동결, 해동한 다음 주사한 실험에서도 유사한 결가를 얻었다. 또한 이 배양액을 비장적출생쥐에 주사한 경우에도 가토에서와 마찬가지의 혈소판 촉진현상이 나타났다. 혈소판 촉진인자(PAF)의 길항제인 kadsurenone이 첨가된 배양액에서 24시간동안 가토수정란을 배양한 다음, 이 배양액을 4마리의 비장적출생쥐에 주사한 결과, 혈소판수의 변화가 일어나지 않았다. 또한 kadsurenone이 첨가된 배양액에서는 2세포기 가토수정란의 상실기와 배반포기까지 발달율은 각각 4와 7%로 대조구의 7과 49%보다 유의하게 낮았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 가토의 초기배는 가토나 생쥐의 혈소판수를 감소시키고, 특히 길항제 처리는 이러한 혈소판 감소현상을 억제시킬 뿐만 아니라 가토 초기배발달을 억제한다는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 가토초기배에서는 PAF 또는 수정란 유래의 PAF가 분비된다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 인자는 동결처리에서도 그 기능은 전혀 변하지 않는다고 본다. 이후에 있어서 mouse LIF의 첨가는 돼지의 수정란을 배반포 이후의 단계에까지 발달시킬 수 있었다. 있어서 더 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 개발된 모형은 논 관개의 물리적 측면과 관리목표 모두를 고려한 것으로 계산된 효율은 벼, 생육 각 단계에서의 효율 비교에 양호한 방법임을 알 수 있다.은 Sharpsburg 점질양토에 대한 S.C.S 한계허용치 10ton/ha/year 이내로 나타났다. 비처리구에서의 토양유실량은 평균 2.56ton/ha/year로 높게 나타난 반면 3개의 서로 다른 추리구인 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass구에서는 각각 0.152, 0.192 및 0.290ton/ha/year로 낮은 결과를 가져왔다. 6. 평균 침전량에 대한 L.S.D. 검정 걸과 전시험구중 비처리구가 고도의 유의차를 나타낸 반면 비수구, 초생수로구 및 Bromegrass 목초구 간에는 아무런 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 7. 농지보전 처리구인 배수구와 초생수로구는 비처리구에 비해 낮은 침두 유출량과 낮은 토양유실량을 나타내었다.구보다 14% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다.작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성 물질로 증착시키지 않고, Silver Paint 에 시편을 접착하는 방법으로도 만족한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰 자기폭풍일수록 현저했다. 주상에서 관측된 이러한 특성은 서브스톰 확장기 활동이 자기폭풍의 발달과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다.se that were all low in two aspects, named "the Nonsignificant group". And the issues were high risk perception in general

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.487-496
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• 2013

Green coffee beans (CB, Indonesian Mandheling) were fermented with three kinds of mushrooms (Phellinus linteus, PL; Hericium erinaceum, HE; Ganoderma lucidum, GL) or two kinds of mycelia from molds (Monascus purpureus, MP; Monascus ruber, MR) using solid-state culture to enhance physiological activity. After the roasting of fermented green coffee beans, roasted coffees were extracted with a hot-water decoction or 95% ethanol reflux. Yields from hot water extracts (HW, 17.7~25.3%) were higher than those from ethanolic extracts (EE, 9.5~12.2%). Hot-water extracts of roasted coffees from green coffee beans fermented with two molds (MP-CB-HW and MR-CB-HW) showed higher total polyphenols, flavonoids, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity than roasted coffees from non-fermented (CB-HW) or fermented green coffee beans with the three mycelia from mushrooms. MR-CB-HW also had the most potent macrophage stimulating and mitogenic activity (1.32 and 1.40-fold of CB-HW, respectively). In addition, MP-CB-EE and MR-CB-EE did not show any cytotoxicity to the RAW 264.7 cell at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, and these extracts significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production from the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line (38.6 and 37.0% of the LPS-treated group). Meanwhile, the chlorogenic acid concentrations of MP-CB-HW or MR-CB-HW highly increased (to 76.21 or $76.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively), but caffeine concentrations were not affected by solid-state fermentation. In conclusion, the physiological activities of roasted coffees were enhanced by the solid-state culture of green coffee beans with M. purpureus or M. ruber, suggesting that these roasted coffees could possibly serve industrial applications as functional coffee beverages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1388-1394
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• 2012

The physiological functionalities of 70% ethanol extracts (EE) from Cudrania tricuspidata fruit (ECFD, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to freeze-drying; ECHD, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to heat air drying; ECID, EE of C. tricuspidata subjected to infrared drying) were investigated. Yields of freeze-dried powders of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID were 51.50%, 53.91%, and 56.14%, respectively. Color $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and $H^{\circ}$ values of ECHD and ECID decreased. Dried ECHD and ECID had relatively higher contents of total polyphenolics and flavonoids than ECFD. Electron donating abilities at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v) were in order of ECID (62.37%) >ECHD (80.17%)>ECFD (77.80%). Reducing powers ($OD_{700}$) of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID were 0.75, 1.70, and 1.89, respectively. Additionally, ABTS radical scavenging ability of ECID was the highest with a value of 62.37% at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v). Nitrite scavenging activities of ECFD, ECHD, and ECID at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (w/v) were 28.76%, 30.69%, and 41.64%, respectively. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activities at 5 mg/mL (w/v) were in the order ECFD (891.93 mUnits)>ECHD (723.02 mUnits)>EFID (611.97 mUnits). Whereas ferrous ion chelating activity of ECFD (52.36%) and ECID (47.16%) was significantly higher than that of ECHD (30.04%). ACE inhibitory and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of ECHD and ECID at a concentration of 1 mg/mL (w/v) were higher than those of ECFD. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that extracts of pre-dried C. tricuspidata exhibit increased physiological functionalities. Further, infrared drying technique is the best method for enhancement of antioxidant activity of C. tricuspidata fruit.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

An anti-aging compound ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) rapidly crystallizes in emulsion systems, and a flavonoid 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone bearing a whitening function causes coloration of cosmetic compounds when mixed with metal oxides. In this study, an electrospray method was used to encapsulate water-insoluble bioactive compounds in polymeric microparticles. Poly (methyl methacrylate) and polycaprolactone were used to encapsulate ethyl (4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxyamido) benzoate) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone, respectively. It was found that polymer concentration, the structure of electrospray nozzle, and compatibility between polymers and bioactive compounds were important factors in the preparation of the particles. Polycaprolactone particles encapsulating 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone was effective in preventing coloration of a cosmetic compound when mixed with metal oxides.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 2017

To investigate skin-whitening effect of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica sprout extract, antioxidant activity, inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in B16/F10 melanoma cell were examined. Total phenolic content (246.25 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (303.94 mg RE/g) of ethyl acetate fraction from Adenophora triphylla sprout (EFAT) showed the highest contents than other fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and distilled water). Antioxidant activities of EFAT has been evaluated using ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP and inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation. EFAT showed excellent radical scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on MDA production. Inhibitory effect of tyrosinase as a major enzyme of melanin synthesis was also measured. In these results, EFAT showed higher inhibitory effect against L-DOPA (51.27%) than L-tyrosine. $IC_{50}$ value on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was $41.93{\mu}g/ml$. In B16/F10 melanoma cells, EFAT inhibited melanin synthesis at $200{\mu}g/ml$ concentration (about 42% decrease). Finally, main physiological compounds of EFAT were identified as a rutin and a chlorogenic acid using high performance liquid chromatography.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.183-196
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• 2024

This study investigated the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (AEEL) against high glucose-induced human colon epithelial HT-29 cells. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses indicated that AEEL had significant antioxidant activities. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that AEEL increased cell viability against high glucose-, H₂O₂-, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. Also, the 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay indicated that AEEL decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) against high glucose-, H₂O₂-, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. AEEL showed inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AEEL showed significant positive effects on the viability and titratable acidity of L. brevis. The high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) analysis identified chlorogenic acid and rutin as the major compounds of AEEL. These results suggested that AEEL has the potential to be used as a functional food source to suppress blood glucose levels and protect the gut from high glucose-induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.697-704
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• 2013

The inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves (CTL) on osteoarthritis was investigated in primary cultured rat cartilage cells and a monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis rat model. To identify the effects of CTL 80% ethanol extracts (CTL80) and CTL 10% ethanol extracts (CTL10) against $H_2O_2$ treatment in vitro, cell survival was measured by the MTT assay. Cell survival after $H_2O_2$ treatment increased with CTL80 and CTL10 close to normal up to $300{\mu}g/mL\;H_2O_2$. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was determined MMP-7 and MMP-13 (known catabolic factors), were significantly inhibited by CTL 80 and CTL10; a $200{\mu}g/mL$ dose of CTL80 especially decreased MMP-13 expression. In vivo, osteoarthritis was induced by an intra-articular injection of MIA into the knee joints of rats, then CTL80 and CTL10 orally administered daily for 35 days. After the animals were sacrificed, histological evaluations of their knee joints revealed a reduction in polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and smooth synovial lining in the CTL80-500 group. Micro-CT analysis of hind paws from CTL80-500 and CTL10 showed a protection against osteophyte formation, soft tissue swelling, and bone resorption. In conclusion, CTL ethanol extracts are effective in ameliorating joint destruction and cartilage erosion in MIA-induced rats. CTL decreases and normalizes articular cartilage through preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury, and could potentially serve as a therapeutic treatment for humans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

A Nano particle is a small particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm Nanoparticle is currently used in an area cf intense scientific research, due to a wide variety cf potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. In order to know the biological effect of the nine Nano particles on fertilized egg of Crassostrea gigas experiments were performed Development rates of control (free Nano particles) C. gigas to a particular larval stage (D-shape) was 78%. Development rate of C gigas to a parcicular larval stage (D-shape) after 24 hours exposure to 0.05ppm of AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25 and SnO were 22%, 52%, 58% and 76%, respectively. However, all fertilized eggs were destructed within 8 hours afters exposure to 20ppm of respective particles. On the other hand, All fertilized eggs were not affected after 24 hours respective exposure to 0.05ppm of In, Sb, Sn, Zn, and Ag-$TiO_2$ particles. However, development rates of C. gigas after 24 hours exposure to 20ppm of In, Sb, Sn, Zn, Ag-$TiO_2$ were 57%, 60%, 50%, 65%, and 64% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.406-413
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• 2010

To enhance the yield and bioactivity of hot-water extract from herbal medicine, Astragalus membranaceus was hydrolyzed with carbohydrases, such as ClariSEB and Fungamyl. After hot-water extracts were prepared from each hydrolysate (HW-C/F), physicochemical property, antioxidant activity and sensory property were evaluated. The solid content ($^{\circ}Brix$) of HW-C/F was higher than hot-water extract from A. membranaceus no treated enzyme (control). Although pH of HW-C/F was lower than that of the control, the acidity was higher. Lightness of Hunter's color values was increased in HW-C/F whereas redness and yellowness were decreased. The contents of reducing sugar, flavonoid and polyphenol of HW-C/F were higher than the control but the content of ascorbic acid was not different from control. The inhibitory activity of HW-C/F against lipid peroxidation was slightly higher than control, but DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS reducing, metal chelating activities were significantly increased by HW-C/F. The sensory evaluation also revealed that the sensory panelists preferred HW-C/F to that of control. Therefore, hydrolysis by carbohydrases for preparation of hot-water extract from A. membranaceus is one of the good methods to improve antioxidative activity and sensory property of hot-water extract.