• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.437-448
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• 2013

Hemipteran bugs, which were previously considered as secondary pests, have currently become important pests of numerous crops. Among them, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a major species that occurs in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. Riptortus pedestris infests leguminous crops like soybean, vetches, and red clover; fruit trees like persimmon and yuju; and grains like barley, foxtail millet, broomcorn, and sorghum. Riptortus pedestris causes the greatest damage to soybean, as it is the most suitable host for the bug. Feeding damage during pod formation significantly reduces the yield of soybean. Currently, 17 insecticides, including diazinon and etofenprox, are registered for the control of hemipteran bugs in Korea, and growers apply insecticides two to three times on a regular basis. Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure. The aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris attracts conspecific adults and nymphs and is used for food exploitation rather than sexual attraction. In addition, the pheromone serves as a kairomone for egg parasitoids such as Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii. As a new method of pest management, nonviable host eggs were included in the pheromone trap to catch R. pedestris and propagate parasitoids. As a part of cultural practices, resistant soybean varieties with specific color and size of pod and control of flowering time through the alteration of planting date can be used. For the effective management of R. pedestris in the near future, development of cultural practices that can support natural control factors and the use of multiple control tactics are needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2013

The physicochemical properties and cooking qualities of four rice varieties (Goami, Giant-embryonic rice, Baegjinju, Aranghyangchal) which grown under ecofriendly farming as development of material for chronic disease tailored instant rice and porridge, respectively, were investigated. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid and crude fiber were the highest in Goami. The water absorption rate of Aranghyangchal at $85^{\circ}C$ was higher than other rice. However on rice flour, the water absorption rate and solubility of all functional rices at $85^{\circ}C$ were higher than control (brown rice flour). In addition viscosity of all functional rices at $100^{\circ}C$ were higher than control (brown rice flour). In spite of brown rice, Aranhyangchal showed no significant differences about hardness of Ilpum (white rice). The sensory evaluation was shown that Aranghyangchal was the highest in glossiness, flavor, roasted nutty taste, cohesiveness and overall preference. Although Giant-embryonic rice and Baegjinju were brown rice, overall preference was higher than Ilpum (white rice). These study results were showed that the functional rices could be good to make instant rice.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to identify cold-tolerance genes in Brassica rapa. In order to acheive this goal, we analyzed a KBGP-24K oligo chip data [BrEMD (B. rapa EST and Microarray Database)] using B. rapa ssp. pekinensis inbred line 'Chiifu' under cold stress condition ($4^{\circ}C$). Among 23,929 unigenes of B. rapa, 417 genes (1.7%) were primarily identified as cold responsive genes that were expressed over 5-fold higher than those of wild type control, and then a gene which has unknown function and has full length sequence was selected. It was named BrCSR (B. rapa Cold Stress Resistance). BrCSR was transformed using expression vector pSL101 to confirm whether BrCSR can enhance cold tolerance in tobacco plants. $T_1$ transgenic tobacco plants expressing BrCSR were selected by PCR and Southern hybridization analyses, and the function of BrCSR was characterized by expression level analysis and phenotype observation under cold stress condition. The expression level of BrCSR in transgenic tobacco plants increased up to about two folds in quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay and this was very similar to Northern blot hybridization analysis. Analysis of phenotypic characteristics clearly elucidated that transgenic tobaccos expressing BrCSR were more cold tolerant than wild type control under $4^{\circ}C$ treatment. Based on these results, we conclude that the over-expression of BrCSR might be closely related to the enhancement of cold tolerance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.584-591
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• 2020

Reliability is an important factor in weapons systems. Low reliability causes the weapons system to fail to function properly, which directly leads to the weakening of combat capability. This paper classifies the structure of the 5.56 mm rifle, which is currently used by the Korean army, into a total of seven assemblies and describes the eight functions necessary for the rifle to operate normally. In addition, the concept of reliability was defined as the MRBF, and the Poisson process model and TTT plot were explained as a reliability analysis theory for the repair function system. Next, the field-data obtained by defining failure as the replacement of parts other than periodic exchange of parts were refined, and the reliability was analyzed by entering the refined field operation specifications into the Minitab program. As a result, the reliability of the rifle was determined to be 251.73. The assembly parts that required improvement was identified as the barrel, lower body, and butt stock assembly, and 10 detailed parts needed to be improved. Finally, the limits of the reliability analysis using the field-data currently available for small caliber firearms were considered.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2004

Serotonin receptor binds to serotonin (5-HT) and activates effector proteins such as adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase or ion channel through G protein on the cell membrane, resulting in various physiological responses like diuresis, memory and development. To examine the comparative expression of the 5-HT$\_$7/ receptor of Aedes aegypti, the Aedes 5-HT$\_$7/ receptor gene was transfected into Drosophila Schneider2 (S2) cells and mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-Kl cells. The expression of the Aedes 5-HT$\_$7/ receptor gene in selected cell lines, Tr-CHO and Tr-S2, was confirmed with reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Compared with the induced intracellular cAMP level of Tr-S2 cell line to 5-HT, the induced cAMP in the Tr-CHO cell line was over 9 times higher and was dose-dependent. These results suggest that the functionality of Aedes 5-HT$\_$7/ receptor is much more effective in mammalian CHO-K 1 cells and that the Tr-CHO cell line expressing Aedes 5-HT$\_$7/ receptor can be used for synthetic agonist or antagonist candidate screening.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2014

We assessed the GABA accumulation and other components after the 'Nunkeunhukchal (BGE)', 'Josanghukchal (BR)', and 'Ilmibyeo (IB)' grain was soaked in water for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 hr. The results showed a continuous accumulation of GABA in soaking treated brown rice of BGE and IB. Among the treated hours, 72 hours of soaking had the maximal accumulation of GABA (51.4 mg/100 g), amino acid, polyphenol and other components. The activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in brown rice and rice-bran were the same in BGE rice. However, the formation of GABA treated with L-glutamate as substrate showed dramatic increase of 354.6 (fourteen times higher than normal extraction) and 726.4 mg/100 g in BGE rice and rice-bran, respectively. These results suggested that the soaking and extraction with L-glutamate buffer could be better methods for the harvest of increased GABA.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-177
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• 2006

This paper examines a simultaneous determination of corporate control mechanisms, and its effects on firm performance. The corporate control mechanisms considered include the following; insider shareholding, institutional shareholding, the board of directors, dividend policy, and capital structure. This paper applies a simultaneous equation methodology and investigates the interdependence among the corporate control mechanisms. In the first part, the paper finds that firm-level variations of control mechanisms are large across time although average variations are relatively small. These variations are related to one another, which is confirmed by Granger causality test based on dynamic panel autoregression model. More specifically insider shareholding, institutional shareholding and outside director ratio cause each other. With regard to interdependence among the control mechanisms, 2SLS(two stage least squares) regression results show that insider shareholding and institutional shareholding are substitutes while institutional shareholding acts as complements to the ratio of outside members in the board of directors. Then in the second part, the paper examines the relationship between firm performance and corporate governance. Firm performance, measured by Tobin's Q, has a positive association with leverage ratio while that has a negative relation to outside director ratio. This suggests that there may be a room for reforming corporate governance in Korea. Specifically it is necessary to enhance the independence of the outside directors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.215-227
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• 2011

Recently, City has contributed to the various and convenient environment by public design projects. These projects have grown very attentive to the outdoor signboards in cities. From this background, the local governments including the central government have driven to the outdoor signboards through the city street scenery improvement projects. These the outdoor signboards improvement projects are strengthen the city's aesthetic function and city street scenery. In this research, we surveyed the satisfaction level of the outdoor signboards for shop which were engaged in this project and citizen by t-test method. We surveyed 30 stores and 41 citizen for the outdoor signboard's aesthetic function, a reflection of region and store's properties and communication effects. From our results, we researched the various understanding and satisfaction of the outdoor signboards improvement projects. Stores owner and citizens did not satisfy the outdoor signboards improvement projects. From our research, in order to advertise the city's aesthetic function and to create our own unique outdoor signboards culture, a variety of tools and intensive cases are demanded, in the future the research on the outdoor signboards improvement projects must revitalized.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root were examined biological activities for beauty food. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity which was related to skin-whitening was observed. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was confirmed to be 92% in ethanol extract at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity as anti-wrinkle effect were showed 61 and 78% in ethanol extract at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic, respectively. Astringent effect of ethanol extract was showed to be 82% at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract as anti-inflammation effect was confirmed to be 94% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. These results demonstrated that isolated phenolic compounds from P. densiflora root could be expected to use as a functional cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.680-685
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• 2015

Phytochemicals in Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and flavonoids, not alkaloids. The levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in Codonopsis lanceolata leaves were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity. C. lanceolata leaves showed strong 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and potent reducing power. In addition, C. lanceolata leaf extracts inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. To examine active phytochemical for antioxidant activity, aglycone fraction of C. lanceolata leaves was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Luteolin was identified as a main component of aglycone fraction and showed potent antioxidant activity as determined by a DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power test. These results suggest that C. lanceolata leaves are a good source of antioxidants.