• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.26-38
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the commemoration culture of Vietnam War Memorials (VWM) in Vietnam. Through site survey, the researcher selected 23 VWM in Vietnam and analyzed 5 categories: memorial type, design concept and narratives, location and spatial form, landscape elements, and content expressed in landscape details. The results are as follows: 1. Because of the long, drawn out Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975, VWM were divided into 10 types mainly as soldier cemeteries based on a traditional memorial style, battlefields and places of tragedies considering sense of place, war museums representing victory and atrocity in war, and peace parks promoting reconciliation and peacemaking. 2. The analysis revealed that the main concepts and narratives of VWM were to value the victims of the Vietnam War, remember soldiers' contributions, highlight the victory in war and resistance to the United States, and express a sense of place. Peacemaking applied only to My Lai Peace Park and Han-Viet Hoa Binh Cong Vien, built by international cooperation. 3. Cemeteries and appreciation memorials were designed to follow a traditional memorial space form that highly regard both axis and symmetry. The design concept at battlefields and places where tragedies occurred depended mainly upon a sense of place and used symbolic landscape elements to compensate for the undefined concept. 4. Sculptures and towers were mainly used to highlight war victory and resistance as the representative style of a Socialist country, weapons and pictures exhibited in war museums and battlefield showed the reality and strain of war. Symbolic elements of Buddhism and Confucianism were often introduced as a way to venerate the memory of deceased persons. 5. The state and heroic actions in the Vietnam War were realistically depicted on sculptures and walls. Also, the symbolic phrase, 'TO-QUOC-GUI-CONG' meaning 'our country remember your achievement', were written on the memorial tower and 'Quagmiire' was used to metaphorically represent the difficulties faced by the U.S. military on battlefields during the war and the uncertainly that pervaded U.S. society in those days. 6. In VWM, ideologies like nationalism, patriotism, socialism, capitalism were mixed and traditional cultures like Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism were inherent. Differing from their Confucianism culture, war heroes, particularly including women, were often described by sculpture, monument, and pictures and the conflict in and outside the country regarding the Vietnam War was shown. Further study will be required to analyze design characteristics of VWM in the u.s. and to understand the difference in commemoration cultures between Vietnam and the U.S.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-47
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• 2015

The user behaviors in the parks around the commercial area may have different characteristics in comparison with the behaviors in typical neighborhood parks because they may be affected by nearby commercial facilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of park users'behavior considering adjacent environments in the neighborhood parks located in central business district of Daegu and to suggest improvements and complements for the construction of new parks and remodeling current parks. According to the results, the land values were high and the percentage of deteriorated buildings was low around Gukchae Reward Movement Memorial Park and 2.28 Central Memorial Park. However, the commercial facilities were entirely declined along with a drop in land values around Gyeongsang-gamyeong Park and old people used this park more than young people. In terms of the purpose of park use, users of three parks had indirect behavior patterns related near commercial facilities rather than using directly park facilities and the age groups of park users were similar to the user groups of nearby commercial facilities. Also, the determinant factors of satisfaction with park use were varied depending on the difference of age groups of park users and park characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effects of user age groups according to the changes of environment around parks for the construction and organization of parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.66-79
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• 2017

In 2014, a Donghak Peasant Revolution Memorial Park design competition was held with various forms and techniques to convey mourning. This is a process of the reconsideration of memorial projects that are used to stimulate the collective memory and it is a meaningful resource for examining the consciousness of contemporary designers in regards to the memorial designs that are currently under planning in Korea. This study investigated the background of the Donghak commemorative projects that took place at the same site in a timely manner and analyzed the design competition through the existing literature research. Through this, it was seen that the memorial, which was formed by means of past political purposes, has changed into a way to collect various opinions and forms through open design competition. A framework of analysis prepared through multi-layer analysis is daily use, interaction and spontaneity, abstraction, temporality, locality, integration and harmony with surroundings. The results of this study are as follows. First, in order to convey memorial commemoration in everyday life, the projects organized scattered memorial spaces with special characteristics and linked them with daily activities program. Second, the projects used direct participation and emotional experiences to interact with monuments. Third, color, vertical elements, clustering, and park frame manipulation were used for abstract reproduction. Fourth, the projects introduce architecture and furniture that can be changed and plants for temporal change. Fifth, the previous terrain was restored and the setting of the scene was reproduced in order to make the site a space with place. Sixth, to improve the connection with existing monuments, the projects used techniques such as relaxation and the reinforcement of circulation lines and axes. Seventh, a path and a building conforming to the terrain were arranged for harmony with the surroundings.

• Korean Architects
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• no.8 s.233
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• pp.7-23
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• 1988

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

Our daily lives are changing at a rapid pace and the concept of smart city is spreading, as the information communication technologies apply to various fields. However, efforts to prepare for changes in society due to technological evolution are insufficient in the field of landscape architecture. The purposes of this study are to explore the concept of smart parks, to investigate how smart technology has been applied to parks, and to identify the users' perception and satisfaction on smart park services. To this end, we conducted literature review, focus group interviews with experts, and a questionnaire survey with 180 users of the IoT See pilot smart park in Daegu. Smart parks can, as a result, be defined as sustainable parks that improve users' experience in parks and solve social and environmental problems faced by utilizing various high technology. Smart technologies introduced at the park so far have been mostly focused on safety and environmental areas, including AI CCTV, smart street lamp, and fine dust warning devices. The results of survey showed that not many users were aware of the smart services the park provided due to the lack of public communication as well as the nature of maintenance-oriented smart services. The survey also found that AR services for the education of historic parks were the least utilized, while solar power benches and WiFi service were most preferred by the park users. In conclusion, smart technologies need to be integrated with diverse park contents more centered user needs, providing services to enhance safety and environmental management in order to develop user-oriented smart parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the monumental expression of Korean War Memorials(KWM) in Korea(KWMK). Through site survey and internet searching, the researcher selected 17 KWMK and analyzed four analysis categories: contents, spatial form, landscape elements, sculptures and architectural elements. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed that main contents of KWMK were to cherish victims of the Korean War, honor military merit, and explain Korean War. 2. Most KWMK built battlefield had the form of symmetry and spatial axis arranged monuments and sculptures for solemnity and heroism. Though the sites were terraced by traditional spatial order, spatial sequence wasn't seen except Yang-gu KWMK and Chumomyeongbi in United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea. 3. Stone monument-like towers, tablets, podium, monoliths, cenotaphs, and exhibit halls to explain Korean War and combat history were used as main elements of KWMK and also, war weapons were often displayed the flags of countries taking part in Korean War were raised with Taegeukgi and the United Nations flag. 4. Most sculptures were used as important media to represent the Korean War and assumed realistically the form of heroic combat. But a few architectural memorial built in recent were designed in contemporary style to have spatial sequence and represent Korean War symbolically and narratively. 5. In memorial culture, KWMK were strongly influenced by ideology and patriotism, impacted by conventional value, and designed by some sculptors and designers in a certain circle. Further study will be required to analyze the characteristics of KWMK in the point of design style and diachronic.

• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

오키나와는 세계가 인정한 장수촌이다. 오키나와 중심 도시인 나하(那覇)시 종합운동공원에는 '세계 장수지역 선언비'가 있다. 1995년 8월 세계보건기구(WHO)로부터 오키나와가 세계 최고의 장수지역 중 하나로 검증받은 뒤 세운 기념비다. 이 기념비가 세계적인 장수촌임을 증명해준다. 오키나와가 세계적인 장수촌이 될 수 있었던 비밀을 알아보자.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

In this study, six historical parks in Seoul is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the representative values of the historical parks in Seoul draw three criteria such as historicity, educational attributes, and sociality, and also the type of historic and cultural resources, spatial functions and arrangements, circulation and accessibility, and the type and usage of introduced facilities. Consequently the current status and improvement plan is suggested as follows. First, cultural assets oriented historical parks such as Sayuksin Bongeun and Seonnongdan historical Park focus on the management based on the preservation of historic and cultural resources. Non designated cultural heritages oriented historic parks such as Shingye Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park should focus on the usages the symbolize and commemorate historic and cultural resources. Second, Careful attitudes on the historicity of the park are needed in the mixed type of historic and cultural resources that determine the identity such as Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park. Third, the rate of facilities in Bongeun and Shingye historical park is increased due to the renovation of religion facilities, rather than the neighborhood parks. The autonomy of regulations that does not have the limits of the area of park facilities weaken the publicity of the historical parks. Fourth, Shingye historical park suggest changing its name into Danggogae martyrs' shrine historical park. because its historic and cultural resources are included as the historic park is named. Fifth, the current problems such as numerous uncontrolled entrances, mixed uses in circulation, and accessible failure due to the closure are recognized. Therefore, the entrances and circulations should be articulated clearly in order to increase opportunities of experience for visitors in the historic and cultural resources, and also neighborhood facility should be suitably divided. Sixth, the park facilities in the neighborhood parks are introduced equally in Seoul historical parks. The uses and arrangements that considered the circumstance of the historical parks should be determined in the cultural facilities such as outdoor music hall and sporting facilities. Seventh, historic facilities that named historic hall, culture hall, memorial hall, and promotion hall in the historic parks are utilized for convenience and religion facilities. Institutional framework should be examined to keep publicity in the historic parks by spatial privatization of the specific group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

This study was aimed to determine the history of Son keechung laurel tree, which is designated and managed as Seoul Metropolitan Government Monument No. 5. Sohn keechung's victory in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics served as an opportunity to encourage great pride and national spirit for the Korean people's national spirit who had spent their painful days under Japanese colonial rule. The seedlings that Son keechung received at the time are currently growing at Son Keechung Sports Park on the hill in Manri-dong, west of Seoul Station, and are Quercus palustris. That variety of Tree is native to the United States. The 11th Berlin Olympics, held in 1936, is a golden opportunity for Hitler to show off the history and cultural excellence of the German race, so it does not make sense to award victors an American giant oak instead of the German oak tree. The Seoul Metropolitan Government and various media outlets made a fait accompli due to Hitler's simple mistake. However, this study revealed that the laurel that Son received was the Quercus robur, based on the articles of the Korean newspaper, the German daily newspaper, and the recently introduced article of Der Spiegel, a leading German weekly magazine. Based on these circumstances, I would like to suggest that the originally awarded Quercus robur be planted in Son keechung Memorial Park and that the newly discovered history be notified on the Seoul Metropolitan Government website and various records.