• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2009

Plastic bronchitis is a rare disease characterized by the recurrent formation of branching mucoid bronchial casts that are large and more cohesive than those that occur in ordinary mucus plugging. Casts may vary in size and can be spontaneously expectorated, but some require bronchoscopy for removal. Plastic bronchitis can therefore present as an acute life-threatening emergency if obstruction of the major airways occurs. Three of 22 reported patients with eosinophilic casts were fatal, with death due to central airway obstruction. Here, we report a child with no history of atopy, allergy, or congenital heart disease who was diagnosed with plastic bronchitis with eosinophilic casts. Although he was administered intravenous (iv) antibiotics; iv corticosteroids; and a vigorous pulmonary toilet regimen, including chest physiotherapy and routine bronchoscopic removal of casts, he had brain death secondary to hypoxic brain damage. Plastic bronchitis can be fatal when casts obstruct the major airways, as in the present case. Clinicians should intervene early if a patient exhibits signs and symptoms consistent with plastic bronchitis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the biological activity of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of citrus by-product ferment. Among the six probiotic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae had the highest antioxidant activity. Hot water extracts from citrus by-product of ferment were screened for antibacterial activity fish pathogenic bacteria by paper disc method. Among the various hot water extracts, the Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium showed relatively strong antibacterial activities in the order. The reducing activity on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $O^{2-}$ and OH radical scavenging potential were sequentially screened, in search for antioxidant activities of citrus by-product ferment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

Ribosomal Protein S4Y(RPS4Y) gene is the human sex-linked gene on the Y chromosome. There are a number of reports on the sex determination using RPS4Y gene analysis for prevention and diagnosis in sex-linked disease. Thus RPS4Y gene is a reliable genetic marker for sex determination in forensic medicine. In general, the sex determination of an unidentified body can be achieved based on anatomical characteristics, but sometimes sex determination was considered to be difficult such as pre-adolescent bodies or decomposed, mutilated bodies. In this case, Sex determination using PCR method in human teeth produces good results. Because human teeth have a great structural durability, the DNA well preserved in the teeth. So author isolated nuclear DNA from the 20 human teeth(10 males, 10 females), performed to detect RPS4Y gene by PCR method. Samples were divided four group(10 pulp and 10 dentinal tissue in male, 10 pulp and 10 dentinal tissue in female). It was found that detection of RPS4Y gene for sex determination was possible in all the male pulp tissues and 6 out of 10 male dentinal tissues. But there was not detected in female pulp and dentinal tissues. In the view of this results demonstrates the possibility that detection of RPS4Y gene with other sex chromosome genes from the human teeth is useful to sex determination in forensic medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1815-1819
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• 2009

Based on the soft and rigid extents, tissues are mainly divided into two groups in mammals, soft tissues including heart, lung, kidney and brain, and hard tissues including tendon, cartilage, teeth and bone. Among various tissues, bone, a dynamic rigid organ, is continuously remodeled by the opposing functional activity between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone destruction by osteoclasts. Bone protects the soft tissues and provides mineral reservoirs, which can supply the mineral needs of other soft tissues to normally maintain cellular function. While calcification in bone is an important action to fundamentally support the body and protect the soft tissues, calcification in soft tissues, including the heart, aorta, kidney, lung and spleen, results in severe organ damages, eventually causing sudden death. A growing body of evidence indicates that the osteoporotic patient who are aging, post-menopausal, diabetes and chronic kidney disease simultaneously represent a high clinical incidence of soft tissue calcification, illustrating a link between soft tissue calcification and bone decalcification (osteoporosis). This study will review what is currently known about the connection between bone decalcification and soft tissue calcification.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

Direct medical control by medical doctors is an essential part of emergency medical services system (EMSS). However, the indications are not specifically defined, even in 119 system with their own medical control team. The Seoul Metropolitan Fire and Disaster Management Department has operated internal medical consultation services on its own since January 2004. Based on the experiences from these services, we reviewed the cases of the direct medical consultation and establish the indications for direct medical control. And we presumed the demand of direct medical control with the established indications. The crews of 119 in Seoul made 793 calls to Medical Control Team during November 2004. We reviewed all of the calls according to the level of consciousness (AVPU), the kinds of emergency care done by crews during transport (10 categories), and the mechanisms of injuries (9 categories). The need for direct medical control was judged by authors with reviewing the records reported by the crews and control teams. Among 23 items, 14 items assigned as the indications, which were abnormal level of consciousness (VPU), 6 kinds of emergency care, and 5 mechanisms of injures. The sum of the three of them, 7,782 cases (45.9%), was in need of direct medical control. In conclusion, about half of the patients transported by 119 crews in Seoul require direct medical control. The need for the direct medical control in Seoul was estimated as many as 260 calls per day. To fulfill the need for direct medical control and to provide a effective medical control, the direct medical control should be accomplished through the communications between the crews and the medical staffs in the local hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of the study is to examine the length of institutionalization and sensory modulation for preschooler without disabilities, and to investigate the relationship between the length of institutionalization and behavioral problem. Method : Mothers of preschoolers without disabilities between ages of 3 and 7 who attend D kindergarten was participated. Nursery school teacher of institutionalized children without disabilities between ages of 3 and 7 who attend child-welfare facilities was participated. We used Short Sensory Profile(SSP) and Children Behavior Check list. The results were analyzed with SPSS 11.0. Results : There was no significant difference between longer length of institutionalization and shorter length of institutionalization in sensory modulation and behavioral problem. Regarding the sensory modulation and behavior problem according to child-welfare facilities, means showed the statistically significant difference. Regarding sensory modulation of test items, movement sensitivity and low energy/weak showed the statistically significant difference in home-reared children than institutionalized children. Conclusions : The results of the study showed high correlation environmental effect in institutionalized children. Further research is needed to improve environmental for institutionalized children.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2000

The skin is an organ that has many important roles, including protection against infection, regulation of temperature and fluid loss, and sensory function. Injury to the skin, wound repair normally involves: (1) balanced activity of inflammation, (2) the re-epithelial phase and (3) the matrix formation of remodeling phase. Thus, skin wound healing is a finely controlled biological process involving a series of complex cellular interactions. Laser therapy is being implemented with increasing frequency in medicine. Low intensity laser is one that is capable of producing an energy density so low that any biologic alterations are the result of direct irradiation effect, not thermal events. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low intensity laser therapy on skin wound healing in rabbits. A total of 10 male rabbits (New Zealand White Rabbit), age 8 weeks were used. Skin wound were surgically created dorso-lateral on the flank of 10 rabbits (2$\times$2 cm/damage areas). The experimental animals were treated with 5Hz (830 nm wave length) low-intensity laser (MILTA-01 Model) daily for 10 min (1.6 J/$cm^2$) for 12 days. Control animals were sham treated with the laser head. Laser irradiation animals showed a complete remodeling of the epithelial layer, a positive repair of connective tissues, and enhanced the wound closure rate over time as compared to the control animals. Especially, laser irradiation groups improved fibroblast activity, cellular content, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition which is resulted in improving the tensile strength of the wound. These findings suggest that laser photostimulation could accelerate healing of open wound in rabbits, and may be benefit in the treatment of open wound, including decubitis ulcers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.183-191
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• 2016

This study was aimed to identify the level of knowledge and performance on nurses for the prevention of extravasation. Subjects of this study was 293 nurses working at three university hospitals, two general hospitals and one specialized hospital that frequently performed chemotherapy in D city. The highest score for the knowledge of nurses was extravasation drug related that it was $18.50{\pm}2.18$. The knowledge and performance were also higher for nurses with age greater than 50 years and married, with a clinical career of more than 10 years and high regard for extravasation. It is essential to develop other plans that promote the prevention of extravasation and to provide a continuous education for preventing extravasation. Therefore, it is necessary for medical institutes to operate patient safety management teams to develop standardized protocols and educating nurses and related persons.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2003

In this study, the various load cases by specified by the IEC61400-1 international specification and GL Regulations for the wind energy conversion system were considered, and a specific composite structure configuration which can effectively endure various loads was proposed. In order to evaluate the structure, the structural analysis for the composite wind turbine blade was performed using the finite element method(FEM). In the structural design, the acceptable configuration of blade structure was determined through the parametric studies, and the most dominant design parameters were confirmed. In the stress analysis using the FEM, it was confirmed that the blade structure was safe and stable for all the considerd load cases. Moreover the safety of the blade root joint with insert bolts, newly devised in this study, was checked against the design loads and also the fatigue loads. The fatigue life for operating more than 20 years was estimated by using the well-known S-N linear damage rule, the load spectrum and Spera's empirical equations. The full-scale static test was performed under the simulated aerodynamic loads. from the experimental results, it was found that the designed blade had the structural integrity. Furthermore the measured results were agreed with the analytical results such as deflections, strains, the mass and the radial center of gravity. The studied blade was successfully certified by an international institute, GL, of Germany.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Purpose: Abdominal trauma rarely causes injuries involving duodenum. But, it is associated with higher rate of the complication and mortality than other abdominal injuries. There are many options for the management of duodenal injuries. Herein we are to review our experiences and find out the risk factors related to the morbidity and the mortality in traumatic duodenal injuries. Methods: The medical records of total 25 patients who managed by surgical managements and survive more than 48 hours were conducted from January 2006 to December 2012. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes are reviewed. Results: Among 25 patients, most of them (n=17, 68.0%) were managed by the pyloric exclusion and the gastrojejunostomy. The $3^{rd}$ portion is the most injured site (n=15, 60.0%), and the majority exhibited grade 2 severity (n=14, 56.0%). Most of patients had blunt abdominal traumas (n=23, 92.0%) so that many of them (n=14, 56.0%) had other combined abdominal injuries. The mean ISS is $11.5{\pm}6.2$. The surgery related mortality rate was 28.0%. There was no statistical significance between each factors and the mortality except leakage (p=0.012). But, we could find some trends about traumatic duodenal injuries in this study. The mortality rates of them who older than 55 years were higher than others. And, all 3 patients who delayed the operation more than 24 hours after the trauma had some complications or died. Also, the patients who had the $2^{nd}$ portion injury, grade 3 injury, or combined abdominal injury were less survived. Conclusion: Duodenal injury is related to high rate of morbidity(47.8%) and mortality(28.0%). Age, portion of injury, OIS grade, ISS>15, combined intra-abdominal operation, and trauma to operation time over 24 hrs have some trend with attribution to mortality. Especially leakage of duodenal injury is related to mortality.