• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.83-107
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• 2011

This study examines the duration dependence in the exit rate from National Basic Livelihood Protection Program(NBLP). If the length of time on welfare is negatively correlated with the exit rate after controlling for 'unobserved heterogeneity', the observed declining exit rates would provide evidence of true duration dependence. Data are drawn from Korean Welfare Panel study 2005~2008. A variety of discrete-time hazard models are estimated, including parametric/nonparametric hazard model, gamma frailty hazard model/mass point technique model. It is found that welfare dynamics in Korea does not show strong evidence of duration dependence after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. All the models estimated show that this finding is quite robust. The observed declining exit rate is largely due to differences in the unobservable characteristics of recipients. Thus, the detrimental effect of the welfare on the preference and attitude among recipients is not likely to be strengthened as time on welfare increases.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.301-322
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• 2013

By analyzing wave 1~11 (1998~2008) of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) database, this study examines the effects of household characteristics and poverty duration on poverty exit. A special concern is to decide whether the decrease of poverty exit rates comes from true duration dependency or from the sample heterogeneity as poverty duration progresses. I also analyzed how the effects of independent variables are changed when unobserved heterogeneity is controlled. The results show that duration dependency disappears after controlling observed household characteristics and unobserved individual heterogeneity. This finding confirms that the apparent relationship between poverty exit rate and poverty duration is in fact a spurious association due to the sample heterogeneity rather than true duration dependency. In addition, the effects of household characteristics on poverty exit rate become more stronger when unobserved heterogeneity is controlled. Socioeconomic factors affecting poverty exit rates are such as householders' age, education, household composition, number of family members, labor force participation, and work status.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.193-225
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze contagion in Asian foreign exchange markets using Extreme Value Theory and Copula. Our application deals with asymptotic dependence of daily exchange rate return for a sample of eight countries over period 1997.1.1-2005.4.13. The empirical results are summarized as follows. Firstly, Gumbel Copula is a good model to our data according to the value of AIC. Secondly, the extremal dependence between East Asian crisis countries became lower in the post crisis period than the crisis period. Thirdly, It seemed that high extremal dependence exists between East Asian countries with Singapore. Fourthly, the tail dependence between Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippine became higher in the crisis period than the total period and post crisis period. Fifthly, the fact that the extremal dependence between Korea and Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippine did not increase during the Asian Financial Crisis showed that the contagion effect was not the reason of the Korea's Fiancial Crisis. Sixthly, the extremal dependence between Asian exchange markets was not very high while comparing with the European exchange markets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2009

생애 초기 특정기간(critical period) 동안의 경험이 나중에 경험하여 인지하는 과정에 영향을 미치는 이론에 근거하여 지구환경의 영향에 의존하여 특징 되어 가는 풍토색 기반 인간의 기질을 고찰하였고, 이러한 기질의 차이에 따라 동일한 제품환경에 대하여도 서로 다른 감성이 유발될 수 있음을 추론하였다. 인간은 생존하기 위하여 자신이 속한 지역의 자연환경에 알맞게 자신의 생체시스템을 적응시켜간다. 동일한 환경자극을 제시하고 피험자의 생리적 입력조건을 같도록 통제하더라도 피험자들간의 체질, 즉, 생체시스템이 다르면 서로 다른 감성을 느끼게 되고 그 결과 심리적/생리적 감성평가 결과는 피험자에 의존하여 서로 다르게 나타난다. 그러므로 감성평가를 하기에 앞서 우선적으로 체질분류를 하여 피험자들간의 생체시스템에 대한 균질성을 높이면 동류의 체질에 대하여는 감성편차가 감소될 것이며 체질에 따른 감성평가 결과는 실용성이 높아질 것이다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.5-40
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• 2002

Using detailed data of women's work history, this study analyses the transition process between employment and non-employment over the life history in order to identity individual and structural determinants in the processes. Korean women comprise very heterogeneous groups in terms of work continuity: one group having a continuous work history and another having an interrupted work experience. While 4.0% of total women have stayed in the labor market since leaving school, 17.3% have not worked outside at all and remaining 87.9% have experienced into and out of the labor market at least once. On the average, the cumulated time of employment per woman is 8.2 years and the cumulated time of unemployment is 13.1 years. Thus Korean women work a total of only 38.5% of their whole lifetime after leaving school. We can conclude that the increase of the employment rate of married women in Korea since the 1970s has been due to the increase of the new entrants with short or little working careers into the labor market, not to the increase of women's work continuity on the whole. A women's educational achievement does not seem to be positively related to employment duration, contrary to the suggestion of the human capital theory, Rather, family variables, especially the existence of the child under 6 yens old, is a more significant determining factor for an individual's exit from employment. And there is little difference among different age cohorts which implies little improvement in the employment continuity of younger women. This study also documents the importance of structural variables, such as the type of occupation, as significant determining factors for the hazard rate. Specially women with professional jobs tend to stay longer in the labor market. Therefore, women's entry into more professional occupations is expected to contribute to the continuity of employment. Our results also show that duration-dependence is not spurious. When unobserved heterogeneity is controlled, the negative relation between the rate from employment and the duration of employment does not disappear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.7-9
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• 2001

의료 분야에서의 데이터는 특성상 여러 측면을 복합적으로 고려해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 다른 분야에서의 데이터 성격과는 다르게 원인과 그 원인에 대한 해결책을 바로 찾아내기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 불임환자들에 대한 검사기록 및 임신결과가 기록된 데이터를 이용하여 베이지안망 분류기를 생성하고 이를 통해 가임여부를 결정짓는 중요 항목 들간의 의존성을 조건확률로 나타내고 비교하였다. 또한 휴리스틱망, 나이브베이지안망 분류기를 생성하여 성능을 비교하였다. 결과적으로 총수정란수는 최상급수정란이식수에 강한 영향을 갖는다는 사전지식의 타당함을 입증할 수가 있었으며, 또한 성숙난자수가 총수정란수에 강한 영 향을 미치고 화학적임신과 임상적임신과 학습은 서로 독립이라는 가설에 대하여 전자의 경우는 간접적인 의존성을 갖고, 후자의 경우는 화학적 결과가 임상적 결과에 강한 의존성이 존재함을 밝혀낼 수 있었다. 분류기간의 성능에서는 자동생성된 베이지안망이 가장 우수한 정확도를 가짐을 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.429-434
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the relationship between dependence of elderly peritoneal dialysis patients and burden on family caregivers. The subjects for this study were 50 elderly patients on Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) who were registered in a hospital in Seoul and 50 their family caregivers. The data were collected from April 4 to August 15, 2011. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The mean score of dependence was 139.6 which means their experience of high level dependence. The mean score of burden was 84.2 which means their family caregivers experience of high level burden. Positive correlation was found between dependence of elderly peritoneal dialysis patients and burden on their family caregivers (r=.61, p=.000). It is considered that the study emphasizes for the healthcare providers to recognize dependence as the important nursing issue for elderly CAPD patients. And it is necessary to develop an nursing intervention for decreasing dependence of elderly CAPD patients and burden on their family caregivers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.103-109
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• 1996

고리 원자력 1호기 14주기(‘95년도) 운전기간 중 증기발생기 세관 열전달 용량 저하로 전출력 운전 기간동안 정격출력보다 15% 감발 운전한 경험이 있었는데, 이 기간중 냉각재내 방사성 부식생성물(CRUD) 농도가 약 80% 감소됨을 발견하였다. 이때 출력감소 비율보다 많은 CRUD 감소현상 규명을 위해 냉각재 수질관리인자와 EPRI 피복재 부식모델인 PFCC코드를 사용한 피 복재 산화물 두께변화 등을 비교한 결과, 운전중 용출되는 방사성 부식생성물은 핵연료 표면의 피복재 산화물에 흡착된 Co핵종이 피복재 산화물 이탈시 함께 거동하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 피복재 산화물 이탈은 산화막 두께 및 열유속에 주로 의존함이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 냉각재내에서 방사성 부식 생성물의 생성률 저감을 위해서는 정상운전시 핵연료 표면의 산화막 증가를 억제할 수 있는 수질 조건을 도출하고 그에따른 운전을 통해 원전 작업자의 방사선 피폭량 저감 및 방사성폐기물의 발생을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

Urbanization and income distribution issues are global interest, and the results of studies on the impact of urbanization on income inequality are different for each country and period. This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on income inequality using regional data from 2000-2021. In particular, serial correlation, spatial dependence, and common factor effects of the Gini coefficient are confirmed and analyzed through a dynamic spatial panel regression model. As a result, urbanization has a positive effect on reducing income inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously promote regional urbanization to improve the income distribution problem. Areas with already high urbanization rates should reduce income inequality by narrowing the wage gap by expanding training opportunities for low-skilled workers, and need to come up with measures to prevent counter-urbanization.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.79-102
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• 2011

Researchers in channel dyads have devoted much attention to relationship between interdependence (i.e. interdependence enymmetry and total interdependence) and conflict that promote channel performance. In social science, in spite of the inconsistent results in marketing practice, there are two contradictory theories explain the relationship between interdependence and conflict - bilateral deterrence theory and conflict spiral theory. The authors apply these theories to co-marketing alliance situation in terms that this relationship is also incorporated both company's dependence, either from one company's perspective or each partner about its respective dependence. Using survey data and archival data from 181 companies enlisted in a telecommunication membership program, the authors find out the relationship between interdependence and conflict as well as investigate the antecedents of interdependence - transaction age, transaction frequency, the numbers of alliance partner, and co-marketing alliance specific assets according to previous researches. Using PLS analysis, the authors demonstrate that, with increasing total interdependence in a telecommunication membership program, two co-marketing partners' conflict level is increased in accord with the author's conflict spiral theory predictions. As expected, higher interdependence asymmetry has negative value to level of conflict even though this result is not statistically significant. Other findings can be summarized as follows. In the perspective of telecommunication company, transaction age, transaction frequency, and co-marketing alliance specific assets have influence on its dependence on a partner as independent variables. To the contrary, in a partner's perspective, transaction frequency, co-marketing alliance specific assets and the numbers of alliance partner have significantly impact on its dependence on a telecommunication company. In direct effect analysis, it is shown that transaction age, frequency and co-marketing alliance specific assets have direct influence on conflict. This results suggest that it is more useful for a telecommunication company to select a co-marketing partner which is frequently used by customers and earned high rates of mileage. In addition, the results show that dependence of a telecommunication company on a co-marketing partner is more significantly effected to co-marketing alliance conflict than partner's one. It provide an effective conflict management strategy to a telecommunication company for controling customer's usage rate or having the co-marketing partner deposit high level of alliance specific investment (i.e. mileage). To a co-marketing partner of telecommunication company, it is required control the percentage of co-marketing sales in total sales revenue or seek various co-marketing partners in order for co-marketing conflict management. The research implications, limitation and future research of these results are discussed.