• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system, cases with t(8;21)(q22;q22) should be diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) even with a blast count of less than 20 percent in blood or bone marrow. It is an uncommon manifestation, moreover hypocellularity is rarely observed in this subtype of leukemia. Here, we report a case of t(8;21) in a patient with marked hypocellularity of less than 5 percent and a blast count of less than 20 percent. This patient responded relatively well to chemotherapy. An allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed with good engraftment. This case suggests that hypocellular AML with a t(8;21) has as good a prognosis as hypercellular AML with t(8;21).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic precursors. Usually, granulocytic sarcoma is seen in association with acute myeloid leukemia, or other myeloproliferative disorders. Rarely, it may manifest as a primary presentation before the onset of systemic disease in acute myeloid leukemia. The clinical suspicion of granulocytic sarcoma based on imaging findings is important for the management of the patient especially when systemic disease of acute myeloid leukemia is not confirmed as in our case. We report the MR findings of a granulocytic sarcoma in the left leg mimicking hemorrhagic abscess in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. We believe that MRI can be a helpful diagnostic method of making a differential diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma in a patient with leukemia, and this can be done by analyzing the signal intensity and the enhancement pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.394-399
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• 2022

While extramedullary relapse of leukemia could occur, the parotid gland is a rare site of recurrence. Extramedullary relapse involving the parotid gland could be mistaken for other diseases. Moreover, the diagnosis of this disease is often delayed due to its rarity. Herein, we present a case of extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia involving the parotid gland.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2000

In the case of osteosarcoma, secondary acute myeloid leukemia which occurs as the consequences of the complication of chemotherapy, is rare. We are reporting the case that we have recently experienced in the laboratory. A case of secondary acute myeloid leukemia have been occurred to among 77 patients who have been diagnosed as osteosarcoma and received chemotherapy from 1995 to 1999. This case was compared with the cases of other reports for the analysis of its cause and results. A 17-year-old man was diagnosed as a osteosarcoma in the distal part of femur, and recieved chemotherapy. Within 28months, the hematological analysis of the case indicated the severe increase in the number of the white cell (over 200,000) and the profound decrease in the number of platelets. A test of bone marrow needle aspiration and peripheral blood smear showed a tremendous increase in the number of the monocytoid immature cell, which mostly are blasts and promonocytes. Due to this clinical results, the case was diagnosed as the secondary acute myeloid leukemia after the chemotherapy. The frequency of occurrence of secondary acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy is quite phenomenal. But the disease could be fatal leading to a high rate of morbidity and mortality without early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, an enough recognition of the possibility of its development, the periodical observation and inspection after chemotherapy and an immediate treatment in the case of occurrence are essential.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

Purpose: The granulocytic sarcoma which developed in leukemic patients are quite rare and it will have bad prognosis, but it's tumor pathogenesis and also their treatment are not yet established. Through this study we have tried to know their clinical course, prognosis and their end result of recent treatment. Material and Methods: Total 20 patients of granulocytic sarcoma which were developed in total 2,197 leukemic patients from April, 1998 to September, 2004 were treated at the leukemic center and the orthopaedic department of St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University of Korea, and followed them for 1~78 months(average 18 months). Results: Total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma was found in 14 cases of total 1,331 acute myelocytic leukemic patients(AML), 4 cases of total 744 of chronic myelocytic leukemic patients(CML), and only one case in total 122 of acute biphenotype of leukemia. And so their occurrence rate in leukmic patients are actually 0.91%, total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma in total 2,197 leukemic patients at same period. Their ages are average 28.3 years(4~52 years), and male are predominant(13 cases) than female(7 cases). Single involvement was found in 11 cases but multiple lesions are in 9 cases, and spine, brain, extremities, chest, and pelvic bone are involved in frequency. The granulocytic sarcoma was developed in various stages of the leukemia, ie, 8 cases in complete remission of leukemia, and 12 cases in the treatment process of AML. The pathohistologic evaluation of granulocytic sarcoma was done in 6 cases which was developed in their extremities, and confirmed numerous immature myeloblasts and lymphocytes mixed. The treatment of these granulocytic sarcoma was mainly limited for the treatment of leukemia by Glivac and massive steroid therapy(19cases) and also combined with the bone marrow transplantation(13 cases), but radiation therapy with average 3,500 rads in 15 cases out of total 20 sarcomas was also done, and followed them for average 17.5 months after development of granulocytic sarcomas. Finally their prognosis was so bad that 12 patients(60%) out of total 20 granulocytic sarcoma were dead in 6.5 months after sarcoma developed and we found the granulocytic sarcoma was more fatal if they are developed during the process of CML(mortality: 100%(4/4cases). Conclusion: The prognosis of granulocytic sarcomas in leukemic patients are quite fatal, and much more studies for their pathogenesis and ways of treatment should be performed continuously.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.539-547
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• 2016

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a typical myeloid malignancy characterized by cell dysplasia in bone marrow. Currently, there is no therapeutic treatment for MDS. The only available therapies either relieve symptoms or prevent the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to report the effects of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) on MDS by presenting two case reports. The patient in Case 1 was diagnosed with primary MDS and regularly received acupuncture treatments and herbal medicine. In Case 2, a patient with ovarian cancer was diagnosed with secondary MDS, which resulted from an adverse reaction to chemotherapy. This patient took herbal medicine for four years and was hospitalized three times. In order to have their condition evaluated, both patients underwent regular blood tests. The patient in Case 1, who showed blood transfusion dependency, received only two blood transfusions after TKM treatment, and the person’s health condition was stable as of January 2016 without any signs of AML development. The patient in Case 2 also has stable health condition. TKM treatment effectively treated their MDS symptoms and improved their general health conditions without any adverse effects. It also prevented the rapid development of AML and maximized the effects of conservative therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.438-446
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, nutritional status and both relation of patients with acute myeloid leukemia during 1st consolidation chemotherapy and the therapy-related cytopenic phase in order to determine more effective nutritional support. We review medical records of total 54 cases received first consolidation chemotherapy on P hospital in Busan. The duration of neutropenia(Absolute Neutrophil Count<$1000/{\mu}{\ell}$) is mean 14.78 days, neutropenia occur on mean 10th(9.54) day of chemotherapy(D10). The nutritional parameters of total protein, body weight, BMI showed no significant interval change during chemotherapeutic cycle except albumin, cholesterol. The neutropenia wasn't dependent on general factor of gender, age, comorbidities, Body Surface Area(BSA). The correlation wasn't revealed between neutropenia and nutritional status. In conclusion, although nutritional status didn't affect neutropenia, this study provides detailed information on the neutropenic response of acute myeloid leukemia patients during induction chemotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2003

Purpose: Current results of autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) suggest that this procedure may prolong disease free survival In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Autologous SCT is increasingly used as treatment for AML in first remission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of autologous SCT for patients with AML in first remission treated by autologous SCT using cytarabine, melphalan and total body irradiation (TBI) as the conditioning regimen. Materials and Methods: Between January 1995 and December 1999, 29 patients with AML in first remission underwent autologous SCT. The median age of patients was 33 years (range, 16 to 47). The conditioning regimen consisted of cytarabine ($3.0\;gm/m^2$ for 3 days), melphalan ($100\;gm/m^2$ for 1 day) and TBI (total 1000 cGy in five fractions over 3 days). Results: The median follow up was 40 months with a range of 3 to 58 months. The 4-year cumulative probability of disease free survival was 69.0%, and median survival was 41.5 months. The 4-year relapse rate was 27.6%. The factor Influencing disease free survival and relapse rate was the French-American-British (FAB) classification ($M_3$ group vs. other groups; p=0.048, p=0.043). One patient died from treatment-related toxicity. Conclusion:: Although the small number of patients does not allow us to draw any firm conclusion, our results were encouraging and suggest that the association of cytarabine, melphalan and TBI as a conditioning regimen for autologous SCT for AML on first remission appears to be safe and effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.454-459
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• 2023

Hematologic malignancy of the breast is very rare. Here, we report a case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presenting as multiple breast masses. A 77-year-old female visited an outpatient clinic reporting palpable masses in both breasts. She had a medical history of AML, which showed complete remission after nine cycles of chemotherapy. On mammography and ultrasonography, there were multiple masses correlated with her palpable symptoms accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes. Core needle biopsy immunohistochemistry (IHC) results indicated AML and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. AML was confirmed using bone marrow biopsy. Although very rare, when a patient with a history of hematologic malignancy presents a palpable mass in the breast, clinicians should conduct proper tissue analysis, including IHC stating for leukemic markers, to guide appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an acute leukemia caused by suppression of bone marrow function due to overgrowth of immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow. It accounts for 30% of acute leukemia in adults, and children show a cure rate of over 80% with chemotherapy, while adults show a low survival rate of 20% to 50%. However, research on a machine learning algorithm based on medical image data for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is in the initial stage. In this paper, we compare and analyze CNN algorithm models for quick and accurate diagnosis. Using four models, an experimental environment for comparative analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnostic models was established, and the algorithm with the best accuracy was selected for the given medical image data. According to the experimental results, among the four CNN models, the InceptionV3 model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 98.9%.