• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 2000

Background : While the incidence of lung cancer is gradually leveling off in developed countries, it is continuing to rise in Korea. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of smoking among women and the young, the incidence of lung cancer is also expected to increase within the next three and four decades. The aims of the present study are to analyze the smoking habits in patients with lung cancer and to evaluate of the relative risk of lung cancer according to patients' smoking habits. Method : This investigation was a hospital-based, case control study, which included data of 93 case subjects with lung cancer and 1132 controls with disease unrelated to smoking, obtained through a smoking history questionnaire by a direct personal interview. Result : Compared with non-smokers, those who smoked for more than 50 years had an odds ratio for lung cancer of 8.8(1.8-20.7). The odds ratios was 8.5(3.5-20.7) for those who smoke more than a total of 40 cigarettes per day and 5.5(2.3-13.3) for men who started habitual smoking under the age of 20. The risk increased for men with more than of cigarette smoking(OR : 5.5, 95% CIa : 2.6-11.9). Odds ratios associated with cigarette smoking were 2.5(1.1-5.8) and 5.1(2.6-10.4) for ex-smokers and current smokers, respectively and 2.2(0.0-4.6) for non-filter smokers of more than 16 years. Conclusion : There was a clear dose-response relationship between the risk of lung cancer and smoking. It can be concluded that dose is an important risk factor for lung cancer, as well as smoking habits.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.870-876
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• 2005

The multiple regression models which have two factors(population and commercial area) have been used to forecast the water demand in the future. But, the coefficient of population had a negative value because proper regional classification wasn't performed, and it is not reasonable because the population must be a positive factor. So, the regional classification was performed by principal component and cluster analysis to solve the problem. 6 regional characters were transformed into 4 principal components, and the areas were divided into two groups according to cluster analysis which had 4 principal components. The new regression models were made by each group, and the problem was solved. And, the future water demands were estimated by three scenarios(Active, moderate, and passive one). The increase of water demand ore $89.034\;m^3/day$ in active plat $49,077\;m^3/day$ in moderate plan, and $19,996\;m^3/day$ in passive plan. The water supply ability as scenarios is enough in water treatment plant, however, 2 reservoirs among 4 reservoirs don't have enough retention time in all scenarios.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.55-88
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• 2005

Healthy Japan 21의 목적은 삶의 질을 향상시킴은 물론 노동가능 인구집단의 유병률을 줄이고 건강수명을 연장시키기 위하여, 21세기 모든 일본인들이 더욱 건강하고 행복한 삶을 향유할 수 있도록 국가사업을 활성화하는 것이다. 구체적 목적은 조기사망을 예방하고 건강생활을 향상하는 것으로, Healthy Japan 21의 전략적 기획과정에서 건강수명의 연장을 실현하기 위하여 2010년까지 달성되어야 하는 구체적인 목적들이 또한 제시되었다. 조기사망을 감소시키기 위하여 사고, 암, 자살, 심장병 감소의 중요성을 인식하고 9개의 주요 목표로 영양, 신체활동, 휴식과 이완, 금연, 절주, 구강보건, 당뇨병 예방, 심혈관계질환 예방, 암 예방을 설정하였다. 흡연, 알콜, 식사 그리고 운동과 같은 생활양식은 스트레스, 비만, 고혈압과 같은 위험요인 및 질병관리와 관련이 있으며, 위험요인은 암, 심장병, 구강질환의 발생과 밀접한 관련을 갖는다. 따라서 질병의 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 건강증진과 일차예방이 강조되어야 한다. 일차예방에 중점을 두기 위해서 우리는 전통적인 질병관리의 중점사항인 정기적인 건강검진을 통해 질병 조기발견을 노력을 게을리 하지 말아야 할 것이다. 아울러 의료비 감소, 병상에 있는 사람들의 감소, 사회세의 감소도 또한 달성되어야 하는 사업의 결과로 설정되어 있다. 가장 최근의 Healthy Japan 2000(1998-99)의 평가에 따르면 목표들의 15%가 달성되었거나 초과 달성된 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 아동과 청소년의 사망률의 경우, 1-14세 아동의 사망률은 1987년부터 26%가 감소되어 2000년도 목표인 인구 100,000명단 28명의 사망을 초과 달성한 것으로 평가되었다. Healthy Japan 21의 두 가지 주요 전략은 일반 인구집단을 위한 전략과 고위험 집단을 대상으로 하는 전략으로 구성된다. 개인의 건강한 생활양식으로의 변화를 포함한 우리의 건강증진 노력은 사람 중심으로 개인의 선택을 기반으로 하고 있다. 이러한 노력을 지원하기 위하여, 각 개인이 정보를 갖은 상태에서 올바른 선택을 할 수 있도록 적당량의 올바른 정보를 제공하는 것이 필수적이다. 이와 같은 일본의 건강증진계획은 2000년 3월에 Healthy Japan 21이 설립되었으며, 2000-2002년 사이 모든 현이 자신의 사업계획을 설정하였으며, 2001-2005년에는 약 반수 정도의 지방자치단체들이 자신들의 사업계획을 확정하였다. 건강증진을 이루는 중요한 수단은 파트너 쉽에 있다. 정부조직 뿐 아니라 건강보험회사, 보건의료서비스 제공자, 교육단체, 대중매체, 사기업, 봉사단체 등을 포함한 건강분야의 조직들은 자신들의 전문적 기술들을 한데 모아 서로 협력하여야 한다. 또 하나의 중요한 수단은 건강 지지적인 환경이다. 개인의 건강증진 노력을 체계화함으로써 지지적인 환경을 조성할 수 있다. Healthy Japan 21에 대한 평가는 2005년에 중간평가가, 2010에 최종평가가 있을 예정이다. 평가결과들은 이후에 진행될 사업의 향상을 위한 기준으로 활용될 예정이다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.191-200
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• 2021

Artificial intelligence technology is developing in an environment where a lot of data is produced due to the development of computing technology, a cloud environment that can store data, and the spread of personal mobile phones. Among these artificial intelligence technologies, the deep neural network provides excellent performance in image recognition and image classification. There have been many studies on image detection for forest fires and fire prevention using such a deep neural network, but studies on detection of cigarette smoking were insufficient. Meanwhile, military units are establishing surveillance systems for various facilities through CCTV, and it is necessary to detect smoking near ammunition stores or non-smoking areas to prevent fires and explosions. In this paper, by reflecting experimentally optimized numerical values such as activation function and learning rate, we did the detection of smoking pictures and non-smoking pictures in two cases. As experimental data, data was constructed by crawling using pictures of smoking and non-smoking published on the Internet, and a machine learning library was used. As a result of the experiment, when the learning rate is 0.004 and the optimization algorithm Adam is used, it can be seen that the accuracy of 93% and F1-score of 94% are obtained.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to compare the dental health capacity of smokers and nonsmokers. This study included 9,856 adults aged 19 years or older. The data used for analysis were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey for the 6th round, 1st (2013), and 2nd round (2014). Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of complex sample survey data. The demographic characteristics and results of the comparison of the dental health capacity between smokers and nonsmokers were as follows: with regard to the tissue health (T-health) index, the sex, age, and education level were statistically significant in smokers and nonsmokers. For the functioning teeth (FS-T) index, age, income, and education levels were statistically significant in smokers, while sex, age, and education level were statistically significant in nonsmokers. In smokers, the age and education level were statistically significant for present teeth (PT), sound teeth (ST), and missing teeth (MT), while in nonsmokers, the sex, age, and education level were statistically significant for the same parameters (p<0.05). A comparison of the dental health capacity between smokers and nonsmokers yielded the following findings: the T-health index was higher in smokers, while the FS-T index was higher in nonsmokers. PT and ST were higher in nonsmokers (p<0.05). The results of this study show that the dental health capacity of nonsmokers was higher than that of smokers. Therefore, a clear difference was observed in the dental health capacity of smokers and nonsmokers. The results of this study can provide objective data for nonsmoking treatment.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.121-149
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• 2005

미국 캘리포니아 주의 건강문제로는 흡연, HIV/AIDS, 천식, 정신질환, 아동비만, 유방암, API, 건강한 생활양식 형성, 인종간의 건강격차 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 건강문제를 해결하기 위해 캘리포니아주에서 진행되는 지역사회 중재전략은 지역사회 단체와의 협력이라는 특성을 지니고 있으며, 도시지역의 노인이나 다양한 인종들을 대상으로 하는 프로그램들의 경우는 교회를 통한 접근방법이 빈번하게 활용된다. 중재 프로그램들은 지역사회 조직모형과 역량강화의 개념을 활용하며, 문화적으로 다른 배경을 가진 인구집단을 대상으로는 이들의 요구에 맞는 프로그램을 진행하는 형태로 기존의 프로그램을 채택하는 것이 아닌 이들의 다양한 요구에 맞도록 수정된 프로그램을 제공하고 있다. 개인 간 의사소통을 활용하여 사회적 관계망의 활성화를 도모하며, 일반인이 건강지도자가 되는 교육모형도 활용하고 있다. 한국교민사회 자문위원회(Korean Community Advisory Board, KCAB)는 CDCPRC(CFCH)의 기금으로 진행되는 연구 프로젝트를 수행할 목적으로 1993년 설립되었다. 장기적인 지역사회 건강증진을 위하여 전문가와 일반인 지도자들이 지역사회에서 협력하는 방법을 활용하며 요구도 진단, 수행 평가, 건강옹호와 같은 다양한 사업을 진행한다. 회원들은 핵심 회원과 일반회원으로 구분되고 이들은 사업의 수행과 관련된 의사결정에 도움을 주게 된다. 한국교민사회 자문위원회가 수행한 프로그램은 'Health is Strength', 'Virtual Village Program'이 있으며, 현재는 'Quitting is Winning'이라는 미국거주 한국 남성을 대상으로 하는 인터넷 금연 프로그램을 수행하고 있다. 또한 캘리포니아 주 거주 한국인의 건강상태에 대한 조사를 진행하고 그 결과를 보고하는 프로젝트를 진행하고 있다. 이들이 하는 주요 업무는 지역에서 발생되는 건강문제에 대한 우선순위를 파악할 수 있도록 하여 한국교민들의 건강요구를 파악하고 사업의 우선순위를 설정하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 센터에서 진행되는 한국교민 대상 연구나 사업에 가장 효과적일 수 있는 방법에 대한 지침이나 정보를 제공한다. 또한 문화적으로 민감한 사항이나 적절성 여부에 대한 확인을 하며 연구결과를 보고하고 확산하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 캘리포니아 주는 다양한 인종들이 거주하는 지역이다. 따라서 문화적 민감성이나 문화적 대응전략, 문화적 적절성은 건강증진사업을 수행할 경우에 매우 중요한 이슈가 된다. 또한 이들은 소수민족인 경우가 많아 언어장벽으로 인하여 의료서비스 이용에 제한을 받게 된다. 따라서 보건의료전문가들은 이러한 문화적 요소들을 능숙하게 다루는 기술이 필요한데, 이러한 기술이란 문화가 다른 사람들 간에는 갈등이 존재한다는 점을 인식하고, 건강관련 믿음과 건강행동에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인들을 파악하고, 대안적 해결책을 제시하며, 결과를 평가할 수 있는 능력을 의미한다. 이러한 영역에서 health care interpreter는 소수인종의 보건의료 서비스의 원활한 이용을 위하여 매우 활발한 역할을 수행하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1047-1057
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine if high risk drinkers are different from normal drinkers in terms of drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and alcohol outcome expectancy. A total of 139 university male students in D area completed a self-reporting questionnaires to assess general characteristics, drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, alcohol outcome expectancy, and amount of drinking. The subjects were divided into high risk drinking and normal drinking based on a CDC guideline. The results of study show that high risk drinking group has higher odds for current smoking (adjusted OR=2.95, 95% CI [1.08, 8.05]), psychology major (adjusted OR=3.79, 95% CI [1.05, 13.71]), and enhancement motives (adjusted OR=2.64, 95% CI [1.15, 6.09]), whereas lower odds for junior grade (adjusted OR=0.21, 95% CI [0.05, 0.96]) and drinking refusal self-efficacy in social pressure (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI [0.24, 0.73]). The results suggest that drinking educational nursing intervention and smoking cessation program for university students are necessary to prevent high risk drinking effects.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.331-341
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• 2021

This descriptive study was conducted to examine self rated health and factors influencing self rated health among e-cigarette smoking young and elderly community residents. The data were from the community health survey 2019 and the subjectis were 2,607 participants aged 19-50 years. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive statistics, χ² test, univariate multinominal logistic regression using SPSS 26.0 program and SPSS complex samples statistics. As a result of the study, 90.2% of the young and old e-cigarette smokers had a good subjective health condition and 9.8% had a poor subjective health condition. The factors affecting the subjective health status of e-cigarette smokers are gender(p=.006), age(p=.036), income level(p=.044) in Model I, and physical activity (p=.033) and stress (p<.001) in Model II. As a strategy to improve the subjective health status and quit smoking of e-cigarette smokers in the young and old, nursing intervention strategies are needed to increase physical activity and reduce stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.379-392
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• 2019

Public service advertising is a form of communication activity performed to increase public interest. In order to improve the effectiveness of public service advertising, it is necessary to formulate advertising strategies that can actually induce positive action changes. China has various social problems because of dramatic social changes, which call for implementing public service advertising. This study aims to improve the persuasive effects of Chinese public service advertising by addressing effective communication strategies. In particular, we selected 33 works that use fear appeals from 2016 HuangHe Award-winning posters and analyzed their visual representation of fear appeals. The results suggest that fear appeals are frequently used in safe driving and anti-smoking campaigns. In addition, main colors of these posters were black and white. The main fearful images were often represented in a form of 'fact' and 'factual conception' and in the type of 'picture.' They also have features of implicit association' and 'exaggeration'. This study has a significance in terms of providing theoretical and empirical information to future research on improvement of public service advertising in China.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2021

This study was to find out the influence of urine cotinine in Korean adults on Cardiovasculardiseases using data from the seventh Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016-2018. The subjects were 7,290. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, 𝞆2 test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 26. The main findings were that 40-59 age, higher than 60 age, lower than high school level, Income status low, urine cotinine level under 50ng/mL, urine cotinine level 50-499ng/mL, Average cigarette per day over the 20 loosey, BMI 25g/m², no aerobic exercise, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease increased 9.0 times, 29.44 times,1.26 times, 1.68 times, 1.54 times, 1.56 times, 1.48 times, 2.06 times and 1.17 times, respectively. As a result, it is necessary to improve lifestyles such as obesity and lack of exercise, to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Korean adults, and to pay attention to older age groups and low socioeconomic groups.