• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2005

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been used extensively in the diagnosis of metastatic malignancies. However, metastatic soft tissue sarcomas are often overlooked, primarily due to the low frequency with/ which they occur. Here, we report a rare case of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma in both cervical lymph nodes, which was detected by FNAC. A 45-year-old woman presented with anosmia, postnasal drip, and sneezing, symptoms which had persisted for 1 month. The patient was found to have a tumorous lesion at the upper portion of the mid-turbinate, with multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and this lesion was examined closely at our facility. FNA cytology smears obtained from both cervical lymph nodes revealed a high degree of cellularity, and displayed cohesive clusters with gland-like spaces, as well as single isolated cells with abundant karyorrhectic debris. The tumor cells exhibited round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin, occasional small nucleoli, and scanty cytoplasm, or a total lack of cytoplasm. Some of the tumor cells were arranged in multinucleated forms and abundant dense eosinophilic cytoplasms, reminiscent of a rhabdomyoblast. The histological findings on the lymph nodes revealed an outstanding sinusoidal infiltration and a prominent alveolar growth pattern, interspersed with occasional typical rhabdomyoblasts. The immunohistochemical results [desmin (+), myoglobin (+), myogenin (+), pan CK (-), synaptophysin (-), neuron specific enolase (-)] supported a confirmative diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a representative sarcoma, which typically manifests with nodal metastasis and carcinoma-like clustering. The cytopathologist should remain alert upon encountering unusual morphology, so that the possibility of this condition, although somewhat remote, should not be dismissed or overlooked.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

Recently, growing interests in frozen ground have stimulated us to advance fundamental theories and systematic researches on soil behavior under freezing conditions. Unlike the well-established soil mechanics theory, temperature variation and phase change of pore-water cause water migration to cold side, ground heaving, sharp increase in earth pressure, etc., which bring about serious problems in frozen geotechnical structures. Elasto-plastic mechanical constitutive model for frozen/unfrozen soil subjected to fully coupled THM phenomena is formulated based on a new stress variable that is continuous in frozen-unfrozen transitional regions. Numerical simulations are conducted to discuss numerical reliability and applicability of the developed constitutive model: one-dimensional heaving pressure, tri-axial compression test, and one-side freezing tests. The numerical results show that developed model can efficiently describe complex THM phenomena of frozen soil, and they can be utilized to analyze and design the geotechnical structures under freezing conditions, and predict their long-term behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2003

Electrical conductivity of$50Li_2O-xTiO_2-(50-x)P_2O_5$ glasses has been studied with an increase of the intermediate$TiO_2$content. Thermal properties were observed from TG-DTA measurement and the variation of glass structure was investigated by FT-IR. The density and glass transition temperature increased with an increase of the $TiO_2$ content. These results were attributed to the fact that bond strengthening was occurred because of the formation of P-O-Ti cross linkages in the glass. The ionic conductivity increased with $TiO_2$ content and a maximum value, $1.2{imes}10^{-6}$S/cm showed at x=20. The ionic conductivity showed a large increasement as a result that the pyrophosphate group become the predominant structural unit. This result can explain that Li ions mobility increased as a number of non-bridging oxygen on phosphate units increased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

The biological activities of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) root extracts have been studied intensively, whereas there are limited number of studies on PG seed extract (PGSE). PGSE was prepared by ethanol extraction, and its antidiabetic effect was evaluated in mice with type 2 diabetes (C57BLKS/J-db/db). Results indicated that the administration of high-dose PGSE (600 mg/kg, wb) significantly stabilized the blood glucose levels, as evidenced by the results of the oral glucose tolerance test. Mice treated with high-dose PGSE exhibited significantly lower serum hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and leptin levels after eight weeks of feeding trial (p<0.05). High-dose PGSE administration significantly improved glucose uptake in the femoral muscle of db/db mice by activating both IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/AS160 and AMPK phosphorylation pathways. GLUT4 translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane increased 1.7-fold in the PGSE high-dose group. These results suggest that PGSE has potential for development as an antidiabetic agent.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2013

Erdheim Chester disease (ECD) is very rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) which occurs in the skeletal system and multiple organs. As it is progressive, sometimes it causes fatal results. However, it is often misdiagnosed as LCH or multiple bone metastasis and, thus, is very difficult to diagnose. In Korea, only 10 cases were first reported in 1999. In particular, there have been a few orthopedic approaches or reports in English-speaking literatures, and no report has been issued in Korea. The authors performed bone biopsy in patients with knee and lower extremity pain who were referred for the integrated treatment. We attempts to report this diagnosis experience with literature review.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumor of the salivary glands that is difficult to diagnose. It grows slowly and shows distant metastasis rarely. We experienced a case of recurrent ACC in the parotid gland with cardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The 29-year-old man had been suffering from severe multiple bones and joints pain for 2 months. Ten years earlier, he underwent superficial parotidectomy due to a right subauricular mass. The mass was diagnosed with ACC. After surgery, the tumor recurred twice. Then the patient was diagnosed with cardiac metastasis via positron emission tomography-computed tomography and trans-thoracic echocardiography. He also had hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with multiple bone metastasis. He was given palliative radiotherapy and conservative treatment. ACC in the parotid gland with cardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy has not yet been reported in literature. From this case, it is recommended to evaluate multiple distant metastasis in the ACC of the parotid gland when joint and bone pain are present.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2011

Rhabdomyosarcomas are soft tissue sarcomas; while extremely rare in adults, they are one of the most common neoplasms in children and adolescents. Histologically, they can be classified into embryonal (ERMS), alveolar (ARMS), pleomorphic, and undifferentiated types. The ARMS type is very rare, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Common primary sites of ARMS are the trunk and extremities. We report on a case of paraaortic, supraclavicular, and axillary lymph node metastasis from paratesticular ARMS treated with VAC (vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide)/ IE(ifosfamide, etoposide) chemotherapy in a young adult. Administration of six cycles of chemotherapy with VAC/IE resulted in complete remission. The patient has maintained complete remission over the past 27 months.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

This study examined whether there is a transfer effect to other joint angles and the angular specificity of muscle fatigue after 6 weeks of isometric training of the vastus medialis. Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to 30° and 90° knee flexion groups and were trained at 80% maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) three times a week for 6 weeks. The pre-and post-training values of the 80% holding time(endurance time) of MVIC, the Fatigue Index(FI), and the MVIC at 30°, 60°, and 90° were compared. After isometric training for 6 weeks, in the 30° knee flexion group, FI decreased significantly(p<0.05) only at 30°, which was the training angle; there was no change at other angles. By contrast, in the 90° knee flexion group, FI decreased significantly(p<0.05) at both the trained angle and at the other angles, indicating a transfer effect of training. MVIC did not increase significantly(p<0.05) at any trained angle in either the 30° or 90° knee flexion groups after 6 weeks of isometric training, neither did the 80% holding time of MVIC differ significantly compared with pre-training in either group. These findings suggest that training at 90° of knee flexion is more effective than training at 30° of knee flexion for obtaining a training transfer effect on muscle fatigue in the vastus medialis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 1997

We carried out a prospective study of the effectiveness of a diagnostic strategy in thirty consecutively seen patients who had skeletal metastasis. The diagnostic strategy consisted of the recording of a medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory analysis, plain radiography of the involved bone and chest, whole-body technetium-99m-phosphonate bone scintigraphy, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, fiberbronchoscopy and fibergastroscopy. After this evaluation, a biopsy of the most accessible osseous lesion was done in twenty four patients. On the basis of the our diagnostic strategy, we were able to identify the primary site of the malignant tumor in nineteen patients(63%). The laboratory values were non-specific in all patients. The history and physical examination revealed the occult primary site of the malignant tumor in one patient(3.3%) who had carcinoma of the breast. Plain radiographs of the chest established the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung in three patients(9.9%). Computed tomography of the chest identified an additional three primary carcinoma of the lung(9.9%). Fiberbronchoscopy identified an additional one primary carcinoma of the lung(3.3%). Abdominal ultrasound established the diagnosis in three patients(9.9%). Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis established the diagnosis in four patients(13.2%). Fibergastroscopy established the diagnosis in two patients(6.6%). Examination of the biopsy tissue established the diagnosis in one patient(3.3%). So we recommend to perform plain radiographs of chest, abdominal ultrasound, chest C-T, abdomino-pelvic C-T, fiber-bronchoscopy, fibergastroscopy sequentially.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1997

From 1988 to 1997, we experienced 11 cases of glomus tumor in fingers(10 cases) and toe(1 case). All patients were female, and showed typical pain, tenderness, and cold sensitivity of the lesions. The locations were subungal in nine cases and in pulp from distal phalangeal bone in two cases. Three patients had histories of one or two failed previous operations, and two patients had another glomus tumor in their bodies. All except one had satisfactory results subjectively and without complications. One patient was operated by the excision of the tumor including germinal matrix and surrounding tissues of nail bed, and had a nail deformity in follow-up. The glomus tumor is not malignant to recur or metastasize in the case of complete excision. However, the surgeon should be alert not to injure or repair the nail bed meticulously after the excision of the tumor to prevent a late deformity of nail.