• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.323-330
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• 1999

It is well recognized that a cross-bite tends to occur more frequently among Japanese, Chinese and Koreans more than among Europeans. A variety of functional appliances have already invented for the treatment of cross-bites. One of them is the FR III(by Rolf $Fr\ddot{a}nkel$) which applies a quite different philosophy based on the using vestibular region compared with other methods which utilize muscular forces applied directly on the teeth. The FR III also increases both the lack of muscular tension against the dental arch and the dentition and muscular forces which can then influence the teeth indirectly. This mechanism can achieve favorable developments with the basal bone, teeth, and alveolar bone. After using FR III to the anterior cross-bite patient with the eruption of a maxillary incisor the results were as follows: 1. Forward growth of maxilla and proclination of the upper incisor 2. Downward and backward rotation of the mandible 3. Increase the facial height 4. The case which was normal mandible, underdevelopmental maxilla, deeper overbite and more nagative overjet exhibited good prognosis

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1988

Pleistophora disease is well known as microsporidiosis at eel cultural farms in Korea in recent years. Major objects of this study were to undertake the induction of Pleistophora infection experimentally and to carry out histopathological investigation from December 1984 to June 1986. Experimental infection of Pleistophora spores into young eels was carried out by oral and immersed administration. Both methods induced the same symptom successfully as that in naturally occurring diseased fish. Remarkable whitish lesions developed mainly on the body surface around the abdomen when orally administrated. On the other hand, they were scattered over the whole body when administrated through immersion. Histopathological investigation revealed that some cysts in the muscle were observed 21 days after administration. Spores were developed within the cyst. Each sporont has undergone several nuclear divisions to form a pair of multinucleate cells (Sporoblasts) enclosed within a common coat (Pansporoblast). All stages were surrounded by cyst. The cysts were destroyed and mature spores were scattered in the muscle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.581-592
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated major dietary patterns among healthy Korean adults using cluster analysis and analyzed the relationship between energy intake and skeletal muscle mass. Methods: This study was conducted using the data from the 2008 ~ 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. The data of 7,922 subjects aged 30 years and over, without any missing values, were included in the final analysis. K-means cluster analyses were conducted to identify the dietary patterns of the study subjects, which were based on the energy intake from 21 food groups using a 24-h recall method. The changes in energy intake with each dietary pattern, according to quartiles of skeletal muscle mass, were investigated. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified for both men and women: 'Flour, Animal fat', 'White rice' and 'Healthy mixed diet'. The association between energy intake and skeletal muscle mass for both men and women was significant only in the 'White rice' dietary pattern. In the 'White rice' pattern, the energy intake increased up to > 300 kcal from the lowest to the highest quartile of skeletal muscle mass after adjustment for covariates. Within the 'White rice' pattern, skeletal muscle mass was linearly associated with energy intake in all the age groups in men. Conclusion: Energy intake was significantly associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass only in the 'White rice' pattern. Furthermore, the degree of association between the change in skeletal muscle mass and energy intake differed according to gender. These results indicate that the association between skeletal muscle mass and energy intake may be specific to Korean people who are accustomed to a traditional Korean diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 1988

Total lipids from the roe, muscle and viscus of L. carinata were analyzed for lipid composition by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The roe lipids were characterized by a high level of wax esters (63.1%) and a low proportion of trigiycerides (9.9%). The viscus lipids also contained wax esters (32.8%) as its main component, followed by free fatty alcohols and acids (23.5%). On the other hand, the muscle lipids were found to contain a large amount of triglycerides (66.1%) with a trace of wax esters. The main fatty alcohol component of roe and viscus wax esters was C16:0 alcohol (53.0%; 61.7%), accompanied by C18:1 alcohol (10.2%) in the former and by C15:0 alcohol (8.8%) in the latter. Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty alcohols were found in both wax esters. On the other hand, the fatty acids of the roe and viscus wax esters contained a high percentage of monounsaturated (49.7%-56.6%) consisting of C16:1, C18:1 and C17:1 acid, and a significant amount of polyunsaturated (41.2%-32.9%), particularly C20:5${\omega}$3. The fatty acid components of triglycerides and phospholipids were different among the tissues tested, especially between roe and muscle or viscus. The fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids from the muscle and viscus were characterized by a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.0-34.3%) compared to those of triglycerides 'in the roe, muscle and viscus (28.4%, 19.4% and 19.2%).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.672-679
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• 2020

Distal myopathy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of degenerative diseases of the distal muscle. Glycogen storage disease type IXD (GSD9D) is a metabolic distal myopathy characterized by muscle deficiency of phosphorylase kinase, a key regulatory enzyme in glycogen metabolism. Affected individuals may develop muscle weakness, degeneration, and cramps, as well as abnormal muscle pain and stiffness after exercise. It has been reported that mutations in the PHKA1 gene which encodes the alpha subunit of muscle phosphorylase kinase cause GSD9D. In this study, we examined a Korean GSD9D family with a c.3314T>C (p.I1105T) mutation in the PHKA1 gene. This mutation has not been previously reported in any mutation database nor was it found in 500 healthy controls. The mutation region is well conserved in various other species, and in silico analysis predicts that it is likely to be pathogenic. To date, only seven mutations in the PHKA1 gene have been documented, and this is the first report of Korean GSD9D patients. This study also describes and compares the clinical symptoms and pathological conditions of previously reported cases and these Korean patients. We believe that our findings will be useful for the molecular diagnosis of GSD9D.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.277-286
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• 2001

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of several muscles in repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST) for myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 39 MG patients classified by modified Ossermann's classification. Using Stalberg's method, RNST was systematically performed in facial (orbicularis oculi and nasalis) and upper extremity (flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor digiti quinti and anconeus) muscles. Results: The significant electrodecremental response of RNST were noted in orbicularis oculi(58.9%), nasalis (51.3%), flexor carpi ulnaris(42%), anconeus(41%) and abductor digiti quinti muscles(27%). Among the 3 muscles of upper extremity(abductor digiti quinti, flexor carpi ulnaris and anconeus), the positive electrodecremental response of anconeus muscles was significantly higher than other two muscles(p<0.05) in type IIa, IIb and there were no statistical differences of the positive electrodecremental response between orbicularis oculi and nasalis muscles. The facial muscles showed more prominent decremental responses than upper extremity muscles in type I MG(p<0.05). In type IIa MG patients, there were no significant statistical differences between facial and upper extremity muscles but significant statistical differences among upper extremity muscles. In type IIb MG patients, there were no significant statistical differences in all tested muscles in spite of the increased positive electrodecremental response of RNST. Conclusion: On the basis of this study, RNST would be initially performed for the orbicularis or nasalis in type I MG and for the anconeus in type IIa or IIb MG.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2022

It is reported that social distancing caused by the corona pandemic has resulted in a decrease in physical activity, and a decrease in muscle mass due to this increases the risk of vascular disease. Therefore, in this study, the risk of carotid intima media thickness was evaluated by measuring the thickness of CIMT, and the differences in variables according to gender were analyzed. From January 2022 to May 2022, a total of 220 people (121 males, 99 females) who performed blood tests, carotid ultrasound, and body composition analysis among those who visited the health check-up center of Busan H Hospital were included in this study. Significant differences in risk factors according to gender were analyzed using the chi-square test. The cut-off values of variables that can predict the risk of carotid intima media thickness were calculated, and the accuracy was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity. As a result of the difference analysis, the higher the total cholesterol in men and the appendicular skeletal muscle index in women, the higher the risk of carotid intima media thickness. The cut-off value for predicting the risk of carotid intima media thickness was calculated to be greater than 199 mg/dL of total cholesterol in the male group and less than 5.9 kg/m² of the appendicular skeletal muscle index in the female group. As a result of this study, the higher the total cholesterol in men and the lower the appendicular skeletal muscle index in women, the higher the risk of increased CIMT. Therefore, in women, the appendicular skeletal muscle index is expected to serve as an indicator to predict and prevent vascular changes at an early stage.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2023

The skeletal muscles of livestock play a crucial role as protein sources for humans, and the consumption of poultry meat is steadily increasing worldwide. Numerous genes, including myogenic regulatory factors, are involved in myogenesis, and precise regulation of them is essential. In this study, genes specifically expressed in muscles were selected, and their promoters were cloned and analyzed. The analysis of gene expression in various tissues of animals revealed that many genes exhibited specific expression patterns in skeletal muscles, with TNNT3, TNNC2, and MYF6 genes showing similar patterns in poultry. The promoter regions of three genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction to sizes of 1.2 kb, 1.03 kb, and 1.43 kb, respectively. These fragments were then inserted at the front of the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene in vectors. It was confirmed that the sequences of three promoters closely matched the chicken genome sequences. Upon introducing vectors with each promoter into QM7 quail muscle cells, all three promoters successfully induced the expression of the green fluorescent protein. The brightness of the green fluorescence in each promoter was approximately seven times dimmer compared to the control, CMV-IE promoter. It is predicted that more than 230 transcription factors can bind to each promoter, especially various transcription factors expressed in muscles, including myogenic regulatory factors such as MYF5, MYOD, and MYOG. These promoters can be valuable for studying gene expression in poultry muscle cells, and further research is needed to precisely investigate the regulatory region of gene expression in promoters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.435-441
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• 2012

This study is intended to provide a basic clinical data useful for preventing shoulder injuries related to occupation and curing them, by measuring the shoulder muscle activity of normal adults in an arm posture type of a wide shoulder joint angle, according to several differences of hand grip force. In order to examine the shoulder muscle activity during hand grips at a variety of intensity, according to the arm posture type, MVCs of all subjects were measured, and %MVCs of anterior deltoid, supraspinatus, the upper trapezius and infraspinatus at 0 degree, 90 degrees and 160 degrees of shoulder angle were yielded according to the grip force in an arm posture type, changing the maximum grip force into 30%, 50% and 90%, randomly. When measuring the hand grip at 30%, 50% and 70% of the maximum grip force to compare %MVC of each group depending on the arm posture type, there were no significant differences of muscle activity at 0 degree of shoulder angle among anterior deltoid, supraspinatus, the upper trapezius and infraspinatus, but there were significant differences of it among them at 90 degrees and 160 degrees of should angle(p<.001). According to the results of post-hoc test, also, anterior deltoid had the highest muscle activity, whereas the upper trapezius had the lowest muscle activity.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.515-525
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare muscular activities according to the mastery of Taekwondo kicking motions with the subjects of 8 demonstration team members and 8 undergraduates in Taekwondo major at University. The muscles mainly used for Taekwondo's front kick, tornado kick, or turning hook kick are total 8 trunk muscles and 8 lower limb muscles of the kicking foot as well as the supporting foot. Analyzing the muscular activities of those areas comparatively, the study has reached the following results. At the front kick, non-experts showed higher lower abdominal muscle, biceps thigh muscle activity of the kicking foot and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity of the supporting foot but lower 2 spinals muscular activity than experts. At the tornado kick (or turning kick), in the turning motion, experts indicated higher activity in biceps muscle of thigh and spinalis than non-experts whereas in the kicking motion, they didn't show the difference between groups except biceps thigh muscle activity. At the turning hook kick, non-experts indicated higher lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity of the kicking foot and quadricpes femoris muscle activity of supporting foot muscular activity than experts. In summary, experts tend to use their trunk in the turning motion for rapid turning and show rather low muscular activity of their kicking foot. However, non-experts indicate high muscular activity in their kicking foot and supporting foot, which means to maintain balance in the kicking motion, they tend to make use of their lower limb more than trunk muscle, and it leads to an inefficient motion.