• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

This article explores Changgyeongwon's spatial and cultural characteristics that were created there as the first modern urban park in Kyeongseong in the Japanese colonial era. First, in point of comparison regarding a colonial historical view, the study tried to understand the background of Changgyeongwon's establishment as well as three aspects of Changgyeongwon's characteristics as a modern urban park. The study found that; First, foreign envoys and high ranking members had visited Changgeongwon in the early opening period. This shows that this site was a park for foreign propaganda and modern display. Second, Changgyeongwon was altered as a place of enlightenment in the 1920s. This is related to the tendency of Changgyeongwon's increasing popularity around this period. More facilities and events particularly for women and children were offered at that time. Third, investigating the historical records, Changgyeongwon's cultural characters as a park are discussed. Changgyeongwon was an important place creating a modern park culture in Kyeongseong in the colonial era.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.23-46
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• 2016

This article focused on heterotopian spaces of modern Korea in the colonial era. This paper attempted to understand the features of heterotopia in the era. Heterotopia was slightly grotesque in modernity, but in the colonial era, people expected to realize the hope of contemporary society. Also, while analyzing discourses on heterotopia, this study identified another point of view on modernity in the era,. Pagoda Park, where March First Independence Movement was conducted and the psychiatric hospital East Ward Eighth, were heterotopian spaces at the times. Those spaces are represented as failure of modernity. Nevertheless, those spaces functioned as utopia, where people could speak freely on 'the independence'. But the governing system considered such speech as deceptive strange stories. Strange stories that inexplicably, revealed imperfection of the governing system and caused anxiety about the foundation of daily life. In conclusion, this article could provide understanding of another side of acceptance of modernity in the colonial era i.e., anxiety. It was revealed through the finding of heterotopia and analyzing discourses on heterotopia in the colonial Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2010

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.49
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• pp.77-119
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• 2016

A modern architectural building is a cultural heritage, which is also part of our history until the present. Documentation is thus considered an irreplaceable method to preserve our cultural heritage as it may be the last resort of preservation. The study analyzed the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) on the Heritage Documentation Programs of the National Park Service. Based on the analysis of the comparison and documentation of the modern architectural building implemented by the Cultural Heritage Administration, the study suggested improvement plans from three different perspectives. First, specifically detailed regulations of the legal system are supposed to be used for the implementation of the documentation of modern architectural buildings. Second, it is suggested that a general plan for continuous documentation be made. Last, by setting up a collection method, an information service needs to be provided for the public.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.2 s.107
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• pp.172-186
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• 2005

I examine in this paper how the contemporary sacredness of Mt. Chirisan has been modified through the reworking of the embodied experiences of the mountain. 1 examine the theme of escapism through the cases of mountain men and Chonghakdong. The two mountain men, Huh Man-Soo and Ham Tae-Sik, tacitly suggested a modem aesthetic and environmentalist view of nature by articulating a typical form of appreciating nature in a transition period from pre-modern to modern society. Mountain men mediated their own personal dreams of revitalizing the Taoist utopian place with their social practices of modernizing and democratizing the appreciation of nature. Ultimately, the appearances and practices of mountain men symbolize the end of the pre-modern geographical imagination of the mountain as distinctive plate outside society (real world). Therefore, the vision of modem civic-national landscape, national park, was made concrete at the very site where the people's dreams of utopia, the inherited sacredness of the mountain and people's religious beliefs in its protective power were terminated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.54-65
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• 2020

This study examines history, usage, and spatial change of Cheoldo Park and its significance in the park planning in the Japanese colonial period focusing on the concept of a sports park. Cheoldo Park was verified as the first newly planned park built during the Japanese colonial period and continuously appeared in the official planning documents with different names and areas as a new planned park. This suggest that changes of Cheoldo Park reveal the important conceptual transition in the park planning. Activities in the park were understood by analyzing news paper articles and pictures, while spatial changes of the park were analyzed through maps and aerial photos. Changes in a park planning process were examined through analyzing the planning documents and maps. Cheoldo Park was opened in 1915 as a supporting facility of the Yongsan rail company residence complex. As Cheoldo Park became one of the urban parks of Gyeongseong in 1925, it had functioned as one of the main sports complexes of Gyeongseong. Although a sports park was suggested as a new type of urban park in the 1930's park plan, the programmatic aspect of a sports park was not distinctly defined yet. Cheoldo Park was not regarded as a sports park in the 1930's park plan. As a sports park was distinguished from other types of urban parks pro grammatically in the 1930s, the city tried to transform Cheoldo Park into a sports park. In the park plan of 1940, with major spatial expansion, Cheoldo Park became Ichon Park to be a main large park and sports park of Gyeongseong. Cheoldo Park contributed to the establishing a new direction of modern park planning, shifting from planning focus on quantitative improvement to qualitative improvement of urban parks. It also provided a realistic model to implement the park plans to overcome various limitations of the Japanese colonial period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.54-56
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze features and meanings on Kyonsungbu Namsan Park Design Proposal established in 1917, and to discuss the significance of the idea of Forest Park on Namsan Park. This Namsan Park Design Proposal has been the first attempt to apply modern park concept to broaden Namsan area by a professional park planner. The professional park planner to conduct Namsan Park Design Proposal is Dr. Seiroku Honda who is a pioneer of modern Japanese park planning. He clarified the concept of Namsan Park into Forest Park. With his idea we can imagine the position of Namsan at that time as a meaningful green space in Kyonsung city. In the proposal, the planning boundary of Namsan Park was considered widely as Namsan area into one big park, including the north with existing Wesungdae Park, Hanyang Park, Noinjeong and Jangchungdan, and the south with connecting park to Yongsan area beyond the walls of Hangyang castle. In a wide range of park space of the plan, parkways and park facilities were introduced. How to manage new parkways and facilities were also considered together. The significance of this plan is that it is the first trial of modern park planning with Namsan. In addition to the analysis of Kyonsungbu Namsan Park Design Proposal, the modern meaning and implications were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.27-45
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to trace the path of policy for urban parks and greenbelts (PUPG) pursued by Seoul Mayor Kim Hyeon-ok, who was a protagonist of Seoul's modernization and to reveal the policy's characteristics. A high modernism perspective was projected to advance his PUPG discussion. High modernism was an unavoidable phenomenon that appeared in post-war urban reconstruction projects and emerged in the form of a belief that the national elite creates the ideal social order and rational planning. Its characteristics were to build with legibility, immediacy, and convenience by power, with private participation and profit creation, while realizing the spectacle of "the city being built". As a high-modernist, Seoul Mayor Kim Hyun-ok's urban planning aimed to deal with the booming population and the expansion of Seoul's territory. Although his PUPG extended the parks to the outskirts of Seoul, he showed a dualistic attitude, diverting parks away from the city center. On the other hand, he induced the participation of the private sector to create parks. However, he showed the other side of modernization, eliminating the placeness and excluding related systems. The path taken by Mayor Kim Hyun-ok's PUPG was started to respond to population growth and resolve the encroachment of parks. The ultimate goal was to accept the realization of urban planning and experiment with non-financial methods. The characteristics of his PUPG reflecting high modernism were: First, elites were represented in the National Land Planning Association, HURPI, and Jang Moon-gi participated; second, legibility was ensured by using east-west and north-south axes, elevation standards, and rational planning. Third, parks were quickly released to respond to the rapid urban change. Fourth, it showed off events and spectacles to attract private capital.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.201-212
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• 2014

This study is to clarify the contents and marketing strategy of Kikurakuen held throughout 3 years at Taisho Park in modern Busan. Kikurakuen consists of three programs. One is Chrysanthemum Dolls that are dolls with scenery to represent a scene of Japanese Kabuki drama or Japanese historic scenes using Chrysanthemum flowers. To make Chrysanthemum Dolls, the Busan daily news invited Japanese Chrysanthemum Doll virtuoso. And Chrysanthemum flower bed which consists of Large-flowered chrysanthemum, sag chrysanthemum and Bonsai, which were producted from Busan and suburban and chrysanthemum of individual exhibitions. And the third is Kabuki Drama by Japanese Geisha and Kukeuk by Korean Geisha who trained throughout one month by profesional Kabuki actors from Japan and profesional actors from Dongrae. Marketing strategy of Kikurakuen is to report in a newspaper articles every days while helded Kikurakuen, finest geisha selection contest by voting of visitors and gifts from the Busan daily news and stores. It ended Kikurakuen only three times. This study is life history of modern park which may provide to understand the role and function of the urban park.