• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2011

Most of the intraoral infections origin in odontogenic infection. Odontogenic infection spreads out along the least resistant path. In maxilla, the thickness between periapical area and cortical bone is narrower on the buccal side than the palatal side. So infection usually spreads out along the buccal side rather than the palatal side. The failure of root canal treatment more frequently occurs on the buccal root compared to the palatal root. So the palatal abscess is rarer than the buccal abscess. It is difficult to differential diagnosis palatal abscess from salivary gland tumors, benign neural tumors and cysts on the palate. Therefore, when the palatal swelling is observed in children, you need to prevent the systemic spread of infection by early diagnosis of the odontogenic palatal abscess. In these cases, the patient who complained of the pain in deciduous teeth and the palatal swelling was diagnosed with odontogenic palatal abscess. The patient was treated with extraction and antibiotic medication. The palatal abscess was resolved, and we report after treatments.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2002

This study was designed to explore use of unconventional treatments and identify related variables of patients with rheumatic disease. One hundred fifty rheumatic patients were recruited from two university based rheumatic centers according to selection criteria. Collected data were analyzed using SAS program through with a structured questionnaire. T-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were adopted. The results were as follows: 1. 77.7% of the subjects were over forties and mean age was 48.5 years. 74.0% were women and 73.2% were living with their spouse. 82.0% of them was good or moderate or good economic status, 38.3% was university graduates. 2. 58.0% of the subjects had rheumatoid arthritis, and mean duration of suffering rheumatic disease was 6.5 years. 89.3% of them had joint pain and their mean pain score was 4.07. Most painful joints were hip(58.0%), finger(42.0%), wrist(42.0%), and the number of painful joint was 5.4. 70% of the subjects using unconventional treatments, the most common treatments using them was herb medicine(42.7%) and acupuncture(36.7%). 3. Level of pain was different according to subject's age, educational background, diagnosis, number of painful joints, and using unconventional treatments or not. It is recommended that use of a larger sample to understand more about unconventional treatments and pain of patients with rheumatic disease. More research is needed to consider developing individual nursing interventions for their well-being and quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Nerve compression is caused by external force or internal pathology, which symptom develops along nerve distribution. There are median, ulnar and radial nerve compression neuropathies below elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome at the flexor retinaculum is most common among all the entrapment neuropathies. Other causes of median nerve neuropathy include Struther's ligament, biceps aponeurosis, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis and aberrant muscles, which induce pronator syndrome or anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Ulnar nerve can be compressed at the elbow by arcade of Struther, medial epicondylar groove, FCU two heads, which develops cubital tunnel syndrome, at the wrist by ganglion, fracture of hamate hook and vascular problem, which develops Guyon's canal syndrome. Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by supinator muscle, which compresses its deep branch. Treatment is conservative at initial stage like NSAID, night splint or steroid injection. If symptom persists, operative treatment should be considered after electrodiagnostic or imaging studies.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2001

The treatment method of impacted tooth is various from simple observation to surgical exposure and orthodontic methods, autotransplantation is concerned to severe malposed impacted tooth. Autotransplantation is the transplantation of embedded, impacted, of unerupted tooth, into extraction socket of surgically prepared in the same individual. Autotransplantation of tooth with $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}\frac{3}{4}$ root development provides a good chance of easily extracted, a little complication, pulp survival, and complete root formation. Transplantation of uncompleted root apex tooth is aim to pulpal healing, not endodontic treatment. The case which were treated with autotransplantation is reported, and induced normal physiologic eruption and good dental alignment.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-47
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to explore the treatment pattern of treatment of patients with arthritis. The grounded theory approach methodology was used in this study. The purposive sampling was conducted. 16 subjects who experienced RA, lived in middle sized city in Korea, and all women The results of this study were as follows : 1. The process of treatment was composed of the stage of symptom experience and the stage of sick role experience. The naming of the symptom was conducted in the stage of symptom experience through, the doctor shopping. The sick role experience was patterned by the choice of the treatment mode. 2. The treatment modes were roughly devided by western medicine and oriental or ethnic medicine. Several factors which affected the choice of the treatment mode were patient's economic state, educational level, religion, the acknowledgement of the cause of illness, duration of illness, lay referral system, the relationship of medical staff, and the acculturation of medical professionalism. The key component of the decision of the treatment was the level of the acculturation of medical professionalism. To enhance the acculturation of medical professionalism, we have to provide the information of cause and the prognosis of the disease to the patients and the variety of communication channel between medical staff and patients, and we should understand the medical culture according to the ages, gender, locations in Korea.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Sodium hypochlorite and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid are substances usually used during endodontic treatment. Several studies found that the bonding was negated with certain irrigants and some of the used irrigants have demineralizing and chealating effects, so it was advocated to omit the etching step in etch and rinse adhesive systems. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of NaOCl & EDTA on the bonding strength of ethanol wet bonding. Thirty human molars were selected and mesiodistally sectioned into halves, thus providing sixty specimens. The specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups(n=15) according to the irrigant regimen used : (1) irrigated with distilled water for 10min (control); (2) irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl(10min), flushed with 5.25% NaOCl(1min) (3) irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, flushed with 17% EDTA (4) irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, flushed with 17% EDTA. Each group was acid-etched with 37% phosphoric acid(except group 4) and had their dentin surfaces dehydrated with ethanol solutions : 50%, 70%, 80%, 95%, 3x100%, 30s for each application. After dehydration, a primer( 50% all bond 3 resin + 50% ethanol) was used, followed by the adhesive(ALL-BOND 3 RESIN) application. Resin composite build-ups were then prepared using an incremental technique. Specimens were sectioned into beams and submitted to a tensile load using a Micro Tensile Tester(Bisco Inc.). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at p<0.5 level. There was no significant difference on G1(control) and G2(irrigated with NaOCl only ). (p>0.05). G3(flushed with EDTA) showed significantly high tensile bonding strength compared to the G2 (p<0.05). G4( treated with EDTA but no acid-etching) was significantly lower value than G3. (p<0.05) Although there was no significant difference, 5.25% NaOCl seemed to have an adverse effect on the bonding strength of ethanol wet bonding. The flushing with EDTA after NaOCl irrigation prevents the decrease of bonding strength. The use of 17% EDTA as a final flush can enhance the bonding strength but EDTA flushing can't substitute for a acid-etching.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2010

Object: The aim of this study is to descrive the effect of neurodynamic technique and self management exercise for carpal tunnel syndrome patients(CTS) Method: 13 patients with CTS participated in this study. They were from 18 to 70 years old and mean age was 25.3. In the evalutaion, gripping with grip dynamometer, strength of gripping with precision pinchmeter, pain level with visual analogue scale. All measurement of each subject were measure at pre- treatment and post treatment(after 1week) and post treattment(after 2 weeks) stage. The physical therapy program consisted of neurodynamic technique and self management exercise. SPSS 12.0 program was used to compile result. Result: The grip, pinch, VAS-P were significantly difference between pre-treatment and post treatment(after 2weeks)(p<.05) Conclusion: This study suggest that 3weeks neurodynamic technique and self management exercise improved grip and pinch strength and decrease pain score.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.335-343
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• 2010

Objectives: To compared the effect of different levels of moisture of root canal on the sealing ability after filling with four different types of sealer. Materials and Methods: Single-rooted teeth (n = 90) instrumented to and apical size of 0.06 / 45 were randomly assigned to 12 experimental groups (n = 7 per group), positive/negative control groups (n = 3 per group). The teeth of the experimental groups (a. DRY; b. PAPER POINT DRY; c. WET) were obturated with sealer (Group 1-3: Sealapex; Group 4-6: AH plus; Group 7-9: Tubuli-seal; Group 10-12: EndoRez) and warm vertical compaction method. After 7 days in $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity, the coronal-to-apical microleakage was evaluated quantitatively using a glucose leakage model. The leaked glucose concentration was measured with spectrophotometer at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days. Data were recorded ad mmol/L and statistically analysed with the two-way ANOVA and Duncan test (p = 0.05). Results: Throughout the experimental period Tubuli-seal/WET (Group 9) showed the highest mean cumulative glucose penetration (178.75 mmol/L), whereas AH plus/DRY (Group 4) had the least (20.78 mmol/L). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the moisture condition of root canals at the time of obturation and the type of sealer that was used had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability. Thus drying procedure according to sealer types is a critical step and should not be missed in endodontic treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus Faecalis and physical properties of chitosan added calcium hydroxide canal filling material. Low, medium, high molecular weights of chitosan powder were mixed with calcium hydroxide canal filling material. Also, for each molecular weight group, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 wt% of chitosan powder were added. An overnight culture of E. faecalis was adjusted to 1 × 10⁶ CFU/ml. For test of antibacterial effect, three different molecular weights of 2.0 wt% chitosan and three different concentrations of high molecular weight chitosan were mixed with calcium hydroxide canal filling material. The absorbance of plates was analyzed using spectrophotometer at 570 nm with a reference wavelength of 600 nm. Physical properties such as flow, film thickness and radiopacity were examined according to ISO 6876 : 2012. All molecular weight type of chitosan containing material showed inhibitory effect against E. faecalis growth compared to non-chitosan added calcium hydroxide canal filling material group (p < 0.05). High molecular weight chitosan containing material showed the most antibacterial effect. Also, the antibacterial effect decreased as the incorporated amount of chitosan decreased (p < 0.05). Every molecular weight group of material containing chitosan had a tendency for reduced flow and radiopacity, increased film thickness according to amount of chitosan. Low molecular weight of 1.0 wt% chitosan addition did not show any significant difference of physical properties compared to conventional calcium hydroxide canal filling material. In conclusion, for reinforcement of antibacterial effect against E. faecalis and for favorable physical properties, 2.0 wt% of chitosan adding is recommended. Considering its antibacterial effect of chitosan, further studies are required for clinical application of chitosan in endodontics and pediatric dentistry.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2005

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of tt)is study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: $K-flex^{(R)}$ S-S files (Maillefer, USA), $Profile^{(R)}$ Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), $K-3^{(R)}$ Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo. USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size $\#20$) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using $5.25\%$ NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times), After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0;, no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.