• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4A
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• pp.573-580
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• 2008

In this paper, we estimated the effect of the siliceous filler's particle size on the performance of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). Filler's particle diameters considered in this paper were about 2, 4, 8, 14, $26{\mu}m$ and the performance was evaluated by testing fluidity in fresh concrete, compressive strength, ultimate strain, elastic modulus and flexural strength in hardened concrete. We also carried out XRD and MIP tests to analyze the relationship between the mechanical properties and microstructure. Test results showed that the smaller filler's particle size improves flowability and strength properties. MIP results revealed that the smaller size of filler decreased the porosity and thus increased the strength of UHPC. From XRD analysis, we could find out there were little influence of filler's particle size on chemical reactivity in UHPC.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63.3-64
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• 2020

수소 라이먼 알파선은 관측이 어려운 외부은하의 성간 물질이나 성운 주위의 물질의 운동학적, 기하학적 상태를 알려주는 지표이다. 특히 라이먼 알파 방출 스펙트럼의 두 최고점에서 측정한 선속도 차이는 물질의 수축, 팽창 여부에 영향을 받기 때문에 은하의 역학적 특성을 연구하는 데에 있어 새로운 도구로서 각광받고 있다. 관측에서 얻어지는 은하들의 선속도 차이는 100km/s에서 800km/s까지 넓은 영역에서 존재한다. 선행 분자구름 규모의 연구에서 얻어진 선속도 차이는 상대적으로 작은 선속도 차이(148.54km/s)를 가진다. 그래서 이 연구에서는 더 큰 규모인 은하에서 라이먼 알파 선속도 차이를 확인하고 은하내 물리량의 영향을 알아보았다. 이 연구에서는 복사유체역학 시뮬레이션 코드 RAMSES-RT를 활용한, 각각 다른 물리량을 가진 은하 시뮬레이션 결과를 활용하였다. 은하 내 가스의 비율, 금속함량비를 다르게 하였으며, 각 시뮬레이션들은 몬테- 카를로 공진선 복사전달 코드 RASCAS를 이용하여 라이먼 알파선의 복사 과정을 계산하였다. 첫 번째로 기준 은하 시뮬레이션과 분자구름 시뮬레이션(Kimm+19)의 결과를 비교한 결과 148.54km/s에서 221.76km/s로 선속도 차이의 평균 값이 상승한 것을 확인하였다. 이는 성간 물질의 존재 유무의 차이로 인한 것이다. 은하 내 가스의 금속함량비를 증가시킨 경우, 은하 내 먼지량과 젊은 별들이 별 생성 구름에 머무는 시간이 증가하기 때문에 기준 은하와 비교하여 선속도 차이가 작아졌다.(206.9km/s) 반면 은하의 가스량을 증가시켯을 때는 산란 횟수 증가로 인한 상대적으로 큰 선속도 차이(298.51km/s)를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 기준은하에 대해, 난류의 효과를 포함하여 선속도 차이를 비교한 결과, 선속도 차이는 (308.8km/s)상승하였다. 이를 통해 성간 물질의 물리량 차이만으로는 400km/s 이상의 큰 선속도 차이를 만드는 것은 어렵다. 관측에서 보이는 400km/s 이상의 몇몇 큰 선속도 차이의 은하를 위해서는 이 시뮬레이션에 포함되지 않은 성운 주위의 물질과 같은 부분이나, 은하 합병과 같은 극한의 상황이 필요할 것이다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.593-599
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• 2023

There is risk of derailment due to various factors such as vehicle-track load imbalance in curved parts, so urban railways install and operate derailing prevent guard rails. The angle-type derailing prevent guard rail is composed of various parts including the guard angle. Even if derailment does not occur, various damages occur in the components, so continuous maintenance is required. Through the damage status analysis, the components of the angle-type derailing prevent guard rail with high damage frequency were classified, and conditions for the occurrence of various damages were investigated. In addition, a numerical analysis using a precise 3D numerical model was performed to analyze the cause of the damage analytically. In order to analytically simulate the derailment situation, the static ultimate load condition was applied, and the actual drawing of the angle-type derailing prevent guard rails, rails, and wheels was used for modeling. By analyzing the results of the damage status investigation and finite element analysis, we tried to investigate the damage of the components.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009

This paper presents full scale model tests on the various types of model piles carried out to estimate the behavior of laterally loaded steel-concrete composite piles. Subgrade-reaction spring system was developed to simulate the reaction of ground in laboratory condition. In addition, lateral behavior of piles under working load condition was estimated using composite loading system, which is available for independent loading in vertical and horizontal direction. Steel-concrete composite piles showed higher efficiency in lateral resistance rather than drilled shaft made of reinforced concrete. The lateral resistance of composite pile was larger than the summation of steel pile and concrete pile due to the composite effect by steel casing. The effect of shear key or strength of concrete on the behavior of composite pile was examined. The substitution of reinforcing bar by steel casing was also investigated.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

In Europe and the USA, the use of limit state design method has been established, and the Korea Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has implemented the bridge substructure design standard based on the critical state. But Korean piling methods and ground conditions are different from Europe and USA, the limit state design method can not be used immediately. In this study, the resistance coefficient was proposed by comparing and analyzing the results of the static load test(9 times) and dynamic load tests(9 times of EOID and 9 times of Restrike) with the bearing capacity calculated by Meyerhof(LH design standard, Road bridge design standard) method and surcharge load method(using Terzaghi's bearing capacity coefficient and Hansen & Vesic's bearing capacity coefficient). The previous LHI study showed the resistance coefficient of the LH design standard was 0.36 ~ 0.44, and this research result showed the resistance coefficient was 0.39 ~ 0.48 which is about 8% higher than the previous study. In this study, we tried to obtain the resistance coefficient mainly from the static load test and the resistance coefficient was 0.57 ~ 0.69(Meyhof method : LH design standard) based on the ultimate bearing capacity and the resistance coefficient was 0.49 ~ 0.60(Meyhof method : LH design standard) based on the Davissons bearing capacity. The difference of the resistance coefficient between the static and dynamic load test was greater than that we expected, we proposed the resistance coefficient(0.52 ~ 0.62 : Meyerhof method: LH design standard) using the modified bearing capacity of the dynamic load test. Summarizing the result, the coefficient of resistance obtained from the static and dynamic load tests was 0.35 ~ 0.76, which is greater than 0.3 suggested by the Road bridge design standard, so the economical design might be possible using the coefficient of resistance proposed by this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.267-277
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• 2014

The conventional performance-based design method for the solid-wall caisson breakwater has been extended and applied to the perforated-wall caisson. The mathematical model to calculate the sliding distance of a perforated-wall caisson is verified against hydraulic experimental data. The developed performance-based design method is then compared with the conventional deterministic method in different water depths. Both the expected sliding distance and the exceedance percentage of total sliding distance during the structure lifetime decrease with decreasing water depth outside the surf zone, but they increase with decreasing water depth inside the surf zone. The performance-based design method is either more economical or less economical than the deterministic method depending on which design criterion is used. If the criterion for the ultimate limit state is used, the former method is less economical than the latter outside the surf zone, whereas the two methods are equally economical inside the surf zone. However, if the breakwater is designed to satisfy the criterion for the repairable limit state, the former method is more economical than the latter in all water depths.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-522
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• 2014

In this study, an innovative steel stair system is presented which enables rapid erection and high quality control in both residential and office building construction. This system features two lightweight steel stringers of box shape, bolted connections easy to absorb construction tolerance, and stair steps movable transversely (or sliding steps) such that the work space needed for concrete stairway wall could be easily provided. In this type of stairway system, other than providing robust connecting details, ensuring vibration performance is especially important since this system may be vibration-sensitive due to lightweight nature and/or probable low damping. To tackle these issues, a series of full-scale mock-up tests were conducted by using box-shape stringer members with or without concrete-fill. The connection system was shown to be sufficiently stiff and strong, or it remained elastic even under the 160% of service load level. Among the seven stringer alternatives, five exhibited satisfactory vibration performance according to the related North American and European acceptance criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2012

For a member subjected to direct shear forces, forces are transferred across interface concrete area and resisted by shear transfer capacity. Shear-friction equations in recent concrete structural design provisions are derived from experimental test results where shear-friction capacity is defined as a function of steel reinforcement area contained in the interface. This empirical equation gave too conservative values for concrete members with large amounts of reinforcement. This paper presents a method to evaluate shear transfer strengths and to define ultimate conditions which result in crushing of concrete struts after yielding of longitudinal reinforcement perpendicular to the interface concrete. This method is based on the bi-axial stress field theory where different constitutive laws are applied in various means to gain accurate shear strengths by considering softening effects of concrete struts based on the modified compression-field theory and the softened truss model. The validity of the proposed method is examined by applying to some selected test specimens in literatures and results are compared with recent design code provisions. A general agreement is observed between predicted and measured values at ultimate loading stages in initially uncracked normal-strength concrete test.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2021

In this study, a customiz ed bridge system was developed for North Korea application. For the application of North Korea, the customized bridge system design, fabrication, and construction performance evaluation were performed using ultra-high performance concrete a compressive strength 120MPa or more and a direct tensile strength 7MPa or more. The comparison of the North Korean truck luggage load(30, 40, 55) and the Korean standard KL-510 load showed that cross-section increased as the load increased. Furthermore, a bridge with a span length of 30m was fabricated with ultra-high performance concrete for the construction performance evaluation. The evaluation of the load condition analysis was performed by a flexural test. The results showed that a bridge with a span length of 30m secured about 167% of sectional performance under initial cracking load conditions and about 134% of load bearing capacity under ultimate load conditions. As a result of economic analysis, the customized bridge system using ultra-high-performance concrete was less than about 11% of the upper construction cost compared to the steel composite girder bridge. Therefore, these results suggest that the price competitiveness can be secured when applying the ultra-high-performance concrete long-span bridge developed through this study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

In this study, the statistical characteristics of the resistance bias factors were analyzed using a high-quality field load test database, and the total resistance bias factors were estimated considering the soil uncertainty and construction errors for the application of the limit state design of aggregate pier foundation. The MLR model by Bong and Kim (2017), which has a higher prediction performance than the previous models was used for estimating the resistance bias factors, and its suitability was evaluated. The chi-square goodness of fit test was performed to estimate the probability distribution of the resistance bias factors, and the normal distribution was found to be most suitable. The total variability in the nominal resistance was estimated including the uncertainty of undrained shear strength and construction errors that can occur during the aggregate pier construction. Finally, the probability distribution of the total resistance bias factors is shown to follow a log-normal distribution. The parameters of the probability distribution according to the coefficient of variation of total resistance bias factors were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, and their regression equations were proposed for simple application.