• Title/Summary/Keyword: 극한값

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Deflection Calculation Based on Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete in RC Members (콘크리트 응력-변형률 관계에 기반한 철근콘크리트 부재의 처짐 산정)

  • Choi, Seung-Won;Kim, Woo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.4A
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2010
  • The concrete structural design provisions in Korea are based on ultimate strength design. Up to service load stage, it is assumed a linear stress-strain relation, but there is no stress-strain relationship for a concrete material from service load stage to limat state. According to the current provisions, an independent method is provided for the each calculation of deflection and crack width. In EC2 provisions based on limit state design, however, a stress-strain relationship of concrete is provided. Thereby, it is able to calculate a strength as well as a deflection directly from concrete stress-strain relationship. In this paper the moment-curvature relationship is directly calculated from a material law using equilibrium and compatibility conditions. Then strength and deflection are formulated. These results are compared with the values from the current provisions in Korea. From the results, the deflection based on a moment-curvature relationship is well agreed with experimental results and it is appeared that the deflection after the yielding of steel is also possible.

Differences in Flood Runoff Regarding Climate Changes Utilizing GSSHA Model on the Bukhan River Basin (GSSHA를 활용한 북한강 유역 미래 홍수량 변화 예측 연구)

  • Shin, Jea-Whan;Jang, Suk-Hwan;Choi, Hong-Chan;Yoon, Tae-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.39-39
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    • 2022
  • 최근 전 지구적인 기후변화로 인하여, 극한기후일수 증가, 이상기후 등의 환경문제가 심화되고 있으며, 이는 이·치수 측면에서 물관리 정책 수립 등의 어려움을 가중시키고 있다. 더욱이 우리나라는 산악지형이 많고 수계형태가 복잡한 지형적 특성과 여름철에 연강수량이 집중되는 계절적 특성을 지니고 있어 수자원의 효율적인 관리가 어려운 실정이다. 연구 대상 유역은 DMZ 이북의 미계측 유역을 포함한 북한강 전체유역을 대상으로 하였으며, 주요 댐 유역별로 세분하여 6개 댐유역(화천댐, 춘천댐, 소양강댐, 의암댐, 청평댐, 팔당댐)에서 홍수량 분석을 실시하였다. 이때 상류의 미계측 유역을 분석하기 위해 격자기반으로 매개변수의 물리적인 계산이 가능한 분포형 모형인 GSSHA 모형을 활용하였다. 또한 온실가스 저감 정책의 실현 여부에 따른 저탄소 및 고탄소 기후변화 시나리오를, 미래 전·중·후반기의 기간별로 적용하여, 현재를 포함한 7가지 시나리오를 반영하였다. 연구결과, 미래 전반기에서는 홍수량이 다소 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 미래 중반기 및 후반기에서는 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 소유역별 분석 결과를 종합하면, 탄소 배출 농도에 따른 평균 홍수량 변화율은 저탄소 시나리오에서는 -1.03 %에서 +4.01 %, 고탄소 시나리오에서는 -4.54 %에서 +17.73 %로 나타났다. 저탄소와 고탄소 시나리오를 비교하면 홍수량 변화율 차이는 미래 기간 및 소유역 마다 상이하지만, 최소 359 %에서 최대 527 %까지 차이를 보였다. 따라서 인류의 탄소저감 노력은 기후변화 자체를 막을 수는 없으나, 그 영향을 최대 5배 이상 감소할 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 북한강 유역의 미래 기간별 확률홍수량 예측값 및 수문특성의 변화 전망을 주요 댐 유역에서 정량적으로 제시하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구가 향후 기후변화에 대비한 이·치수 정책 마련 및 접경지역의 재난예방에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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Flood Risk Assessment of Seoul based on Watershed Characteristics (유역특성 기반의 서울시 침수위험성 분석)

  • Kim, Sung Eun;Kang, Won-Sam;Baek, Jong-Rak
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.38-38
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    • 2022
  • 서울특별시(이하 서울시)는 기존 상습침수지역과 2010년, 2011년 집중호우로 발생한 침수피해를 바탕으로 34개의 침수취약지역을 선정하고, 이들 지역에 2011년 3월부터 2023년 12월까지 총사업비 1조 5,300억여 원을 투입하여 하수관거 정비, 펌프장 신설 및 증설, 저류조 신설 등 배수능력을 확충하는 사업을 진행해오고 있다. 하지만, 기후변화로 인해 집중형 배수시설의 설계용량을 초과하는 강우의 발생빈도가 증가하고, 극한홍수 발생위험과 기상예측 불확실성이 커짐에 따라, 배수시설의 용량을 증설하는 집중형 우수배제체계 중심의 침수관리만으로는 안전한 침수대응이 어렵게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 침수대응 다각화를 위해 유역의 자연적, 사회환경적 특성을 대표할 수 있는 52개 지표를 선정하고 서울시를 소규모 유역 단위인 163개의 배수분구로 구분하여 지표별 공간적 분포와 특성 분석을 통해 각 배수분구를 유형화하고, 유형특성에 따른 침수취약성과 잠재적 침수발생 위험성을 분석하여 침수위험성을 평가하였다. 유역의 특성을 대표하는 각종 지표의 서울시 내 공간적 분포를 분석한 결과, 지표별 공간적 분포 특성이 상이했으며, 지표별 최대/최소값의 차이가 수배에서 수백배까지 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 서울시 내외에 산포된 총 40개 기상청관측소의 2010년부터 2019년까지 시간강우자료를 이용하여 강우관련 지표들의 시공간적 분포를 분석한 결과, 연평균강우량, 여름철강우량, 일최대강우량 등에서 지역적으로 최대 수백 mm의 강우량 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 유역특성에 따른 서울시 침수위험성을 평가한 결과, 침수발생 및 피해에 불리한 유역의 공간적 취약성이 높은 배수분구로는 봉천1, 송파, 길동, 미아, 상계1 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 침수발생에 대한 잠재적 위험성이 높은 배수분구는 이문, 정릉, 제기1, 장안, 전농 등의 순으로 분석되었다. 침수발생에 대한 잠재적 위험성과 침수피해에 불리한 공간적 취약성이 모두 높아 침수위험성이 큰 배수분구는 상계1, 미아, 장위, 창동1, 동선, 수유2, 방학, 길동, 월계2 등의 순으로 나타났다.

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Development of Fragility Curves for Slope Stability of Levee under Rapid Drawdown (수위급강하에 대한 제방 사면의 취약도 곡선 작성)

  • Cho, Sung-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.39 no.10
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 2023
  • To effectively manage flood risk, it is crucial to assess the stability of flood defense structures like levees under extreme flood conditions. This study focuses on the time-dependent probabilistic assessment of embankment slope stability when subjected to rapid water level drops. We integrate seepage analysis results from finite element analysis with slope stability analysis and employ Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the time-dependent behavior of the slope during rapid drawdown. The resulting probability of failure is used to develop fragility curves for the levee slope. Notably, the probability of slope failure remains low up to a specific water level, sharply increasing beyond that threshold. Furthermore, the fragility curves are strongly influenced by the rate of drawdown, which is determined through hydraulic analysis based on flood scenarios. Climate change has a significant impact on the stability of the water-side slope of the embankment due to water level fluctuations.

Analysis of Orthotropic Body under Ultimate Moment Load (극한(極限)모멘트 하중(荷重)을 받는 이방성(異方性) 구조체(構造體)의 해석(解析))

  • Chang, Suk Yoon
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 1985
  • This dissertation presents an exact solution for the normal and shearing stresses of an orthotropic plane body loaded by a moment load. The solution satisfies the conditions of equilibrium compatibility equations concurrently and is governing for the body being in the elasto-plastic state. An Airy stress function is introduced to solve the problem related to an orthotropic half-infinite plane under a moment load. All the equations for orthotropy must be degenerated into the expressions for isotropy when orthotropic constants are replaced by isotropic ones. The author has evaluated all the equations of orthotropy and succeeded in obtaining exactly identical expressions to the equations of isotropy which were derived independently by of L'hosptials rule. The analytical results of isotropy are compared with the simple results of other investigator. Since moment Load under the elastic state and plastic state only is a particular case of moment load under the elasto-plastic state. All the equations of elasto-plastic state case are degenerated into the expressions for the each case. The formal solution is expressed in terms of closed form. The orthotropic constants are evaluated for two kinds and two different orientations of the grain of wood and two kinds of structures. The numerical results for orthotropy are evaluated for one kind and two different orientations of three-layered ply wood. The distribution of normal and shearing stresses are shown in figures. It is noted that the distribution of stresses of orthotropic materials depends on the type of materials and orientations of the grain and stiffening.

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Influence of Various Parameter for Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of FRP-Concrete Composite Beam Using Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model (콘크리트 손상 소성모델을 이용한 FRP-콘크리트 합성보의 비선형 유한요소해석에서 여러 변수들의 영향)

  • Yoo, Seung-Woon;Kang, Ga-Ram
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.697-703
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    • 2017
  • This paper examines the flexure behavior of FRP-concrete composite structure that can replace conventional reinforced concrete structure types. In order to investigate the structural performance and behavioral characteristics in numerical analysis means, ABAQUS, a general purpose finite element analysis program, was utilized for nonlinear finite element analysis, and the various variables and their influences were analyzed and compared with experimental results to suggest values optimized to this composite structure. The concrete damage plasticity model and Euro code for concrete were used. In the implicit finite element analysis, the convergence was ambiguous when geometrical and material nonlinearity were large, so the explicit finite element analysis used in this study was deemed to be appropriate. From the comparison with the experiment about concrete damaged plasticity model, 20mm for the mesh size, $30^{\circ}$ for the dilation angle, $100Nmm/mm^2$ for the value of fracture energy, 0.667 for Kc value, and the consideration of damage parameter were suggested believed to be appropriate. The numerical model suggested in this study was able to imitate the ultimate load and cracking pattern very well; therefore, it is expected to be utilized in research of various new material composite structures.

Flood inflow forecasting on HantanRiver reservoir by using forecasted rainfall (LDAPS 예측 강우를 활용한 한탄강홍수조절댐 홍수 유입량 예측)

  • Yu, Myungsu;Lee, Youngmok;Yi, Jaeeung
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.327-333
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    • 2016
  • Due to climate changes accelerated by global warming, South Korea has experienced regional climate variations as well as increasing severities and frequencies of extreme weather. The precipitation in South Korea during the summer season in 2013 was concentrated mainly in the central region; the maximum number of rainy days were recorded in the central region while the southern region had the minimum number of rainy days. As a result, much attention has been paid to the importance of flood control due to damage caused by spatiotemporal intensive rainfalls. In this study, forecast rainfall data was used for rapid responses to prevent disasters during flood seasons. For this purpose, the applicability of numerical weather forecast data was analyzed using the ground observation rainfall and inflow rate. Correlation coefficient, maximum rainfall intensity percent error and total rainfall percent error were used for the quantitative comparison of ground observation rainfall data. In addition, correlation coefficient, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, and standardized RMSE were used for the quantitative comparison of inflow rate. As a result of the simulation, the correlation coefficient up to six hours was 0.7 or higher, indicating a high correlation. Furthermore, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was positive until six hours, confirming the applicability of forecast rainfall.

p-Version Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminated Plates with Geometric and Material Nonlinearities (기하 및 재료비선형을 갖는 적층평판의 p-Version 유한요소해석)

  • 홍종현;박진환;우광성
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.491-499
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    • 2002
  • A p-version finite element model based on degenerate shell element is proposed tot the analysis of orthotropic laminated plates. In the nonlinear formulation of the model, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with large deflection and moderate rotation being accounted tot in the sense of yon Karman hypothesis. The material model is based on the Huber-Mises yield criterion and Prandtl-Reuss flow rule in accordance with the theory of strain hardening yield function, which is generalized lot anisotropic materials by introducing the parameters of anisotropy. The model is also based on extension of equivalent-single layer laminate theory(ESL theory) with shear deformation, leading to continuous shear strain at the interface of two layers. The integrals of Legendre polynomials are used for shape functions with p-level varying from 1 to 10. Gauss-Lobatto numerical quadrature is used to calculate the stresses at the nodal points instead of Gauss points. The validity of the proposed P-version finite element model is demonstrated through several comparative points of iew in terms of ultimate load, convergence characteristics, nonlinear effect, and shape of plastic tone.

The Description of Near-Critical Region for the Non-Ideal Inter-Particle Interacting Molecules such as n-Alkane(linear) and Alkyl-Amine(dipolar) by using Generalized van der Waals Equation of States (일반화된 반데르발스 상태방정식을 이용한 비이상적 입자 상호작용을 갖는 알칸(선형성) 및 알킬 아민류(쌍극자성)에 대한 임계 영역 특성분석)

  • Kim, Jibeom;Lee, Sukbae;Jeon, Joonhyeon
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.224-231
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    • 2010
  • In GvdW EOS, a recently presented paper, shows that the characteristic status for spherical non-linear particle, of which the mutual behavior is known to be vdWf(van der Waals force) only, could be described well enough in the critical region. However, in current papers, analysis has not been done on GvdW about whether it is accurate or not, even for the particles in the linear form or those with the additional mutual behavior such as static-electricity, so there's some argument about the wide use of that. Therefore, in this paper, for the simulation in the critical region of Normal-alkane group(R=methane, ethane, propane, butane) which are the particles that has a linear charateristic and Normal-amine group($RNH_2$, R=methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-amine) where static-electricity is extremely shown, GvdW parameter values about these particles are defined, and based on this simulation, we compared results to the current EOS presented recently, and analyzed them. Through the simulation, it was shown that in case of Normal-alkane group and Normal-amine group molecules, GvdW presents an accurate critical region characteristic which is far more close to the measurement compared to current EOSs. Especially for butane with big amount in molecules, we found out that only GvdW EOS can reach close enough to the critical point.

A study on the water temperature and salinity guidelines for a military product test & evaluation in the Korean coastal seas (군수품 환경시험을 위한 한반도 해수 온도 및 염분 기준 설정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Youngrae;Yun, Jae-Hyeong;Na, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Jang-Eun;Kim, Si-Ok;Kim, DongGil;Hong, YeonWoong
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.811-818
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    • 2017
  • Environmental tests are used to verify a equipment that can withstand the rigors of harsh environments. In case of military products for export, the tests have to be based on the climatic data of the world. However, if the climatic data of the world is used for domestic military products, it may cause an increase in manufacture price. There is currently no climatic data that can be used as criteria for the tests in the Korean peninsula and coastal seas. Therefore, this paper suggests a water temperature and a salinity guidelines of salt fog tests for military products used in the area. As a result, we present water temperature and salinity information that is extreme and FOO of the Korean coastal seas.