• 기계와재료
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.106-119
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• 2013

초전도 전력기기는 초전도체를 극저온으로 냉각, 전기저항이 없는 초전도 고유의 현상을 이용하여 중전 전력기기의 열손실 저감, 소형화 및 신뢰성 향상을 가능케 하며, 최근에는 고온 초전도 재료의 기술 수준이 향상되어 초전도 응용 영역이 확대되고 있다. 초전도 케이블을 포함한 초전도 전력기기는 운전 조건인 극저온 환경($-150^{\circ}C$이하)를 조성하기 위해 극저온 냉동기 기술이 핵심적인 기술이다. 극저온 냉동기는 냉각 용량에 따라 소용량(수~수십 W), 중용량(수백 W~수 kW), 대용량(수십 kW 이상)으로 구분할 수 있으며, 초전도 전력기기용 냉각시스템은 주로 중용량 극저온 냉동기의 활용도가 매우 높다. 현재 상용화된 극저온 냉동기를 분석하면, 중용량 극저온 냉동기로는 스터링 극저온 냉동기가 가장 적합하다. 따라서 본 고에서는 중용량 스터링 극저온 냉동기 기술에 대한 개발 현황을 살펴보도록 한다.

• 기계와재료
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.48-55
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• 2010

극저온에서 고분자 복합재료는 열전도도가 낮아 단열 특성이 탁월하고 전기절연성이 뛰어나 에너지 산업, 전기 및 전자산업, 생물공학, 의료분야, 수송산업, 우주 항공 산업 등 응용 범위가 매우 광범위하고, 산업 규모 또한 지속적으로 성장하고 있다. 향후 신재생 에너지의 저장 및 수송용으로 열전도도가 낮은 고분자 복합재에 대한 수요가 크게 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 고에서는 고분자 복합재료의 극저온 응용에 관한 국내외 기술동향과 수지 및 복합재 물성, 극저온에서의 특성 평가 기술 등에 대하여 소개하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

Retention of interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of polymer composites at cryogenic temperature application is very important. In this work, single carbon tiber reinforced epoxy compositc was used to evaluate IFSS and apparent modulus under room and cryogenic temperatures. The property change of carbon and selected epoxy for particularly cryogenic temperature application were tested in tension and compression. Tensile strength and elongation of carbon fiber decreased at cryogenic temperature, whereas tensile modulus was almost same. On the other hand, epoxy matrix showed the increased tensile strength but decreased elongation. It can be due to maximum thermal contraction existing free volume in cryogenic temperature. IFSS increased up to $-10^{\circ}C$ and then decreased steadily. However, IFSS at cryogenic temperature was still similar to that at room temperature. This result is very useful to cryogenic application since selected epoxy toughness and interfacial adhesion can keep at such low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2011

7075알루미늄 합금은 기계적 강도가 가장 높은 고강도 합금으로 열처리 공정이 반드시 필요하다. 그러나 열처리 공정 중 재료의 두께에 따른 내부 온도의 차이로 인한 잔류응력이 발생하여 최종 제품의 치수에 변화를 일으켜 제품 생산에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 극저온 열처리 공정을 통하여 야기되는 7075알루미늄 합금의 기계적 특성 및 미세조직에 관하여 연구하였다. 7075 알루미늄 합금은 석출경화를 통한 강화가 이루어지며, 석출경화를 위해서 용체화 처리를 하여 인공시효를 하는 기존 공정과 비교하여 극저온 열처리 공정은 두 개의 추가적인 단계를 가지고 있다. 첫 번째 단계는 -196도의 액체 질소 속에 샘플을 극저온 ��칭을 하는 단계이고, 두 번째 단계는 샘플의 온도를 급격하게 올리는 up-hill quenching이다. 잔류응력은 X-ray diffraction을 이용한 $sin2{\psi}$ 방법으로 측정되었다. 극저온 열처리 후 기계적 특성을 평가하기 위하여 vickers hardness를 측정하였으며 미세 조직의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 EBSD와 TEM을 이용하여 평가하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The thermal property of insulation material is essential in developing a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) power cable to be operated at around liquid-nitrogen temperature. Unlike metallic materials, nonmetallic materials have a high thermal resistance; therefore, accurate estimate of the heat flow is difficult in the case of nonmetallic materials. The aim of this study is to develop an instrument for precisely measuring the thermal conductivity of insulating materials over a temperature range of 30 K to approximately the room temperature by using a cryocooler. The details of the thermal-conductivity measurement system, including the design and fabrication processes, are described in this paper. In addition, the design optimization to minimize unavoidable heat leakage from room temperature is discussed.

• Composites Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

Adhesive joints are widely used for structural joining applications in various fields and environmental conditions. Polyurethane (PU) and Epoxy adhesives are now being used for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of epoxy and PU adhesive bonds between Triplex sheets at normal and cryogenic temperatures. The most significant result of this study is that for all adhesives tested, there is a significant decrease in peel strength at cryogenic temperatures. However, the reasons for the decrease in peel strength for epoxy and PU adhesives differ. Consequently, PU adhesives can be considered better suited for use in applications requiring high bonding performance at cryogenic conditions, such as in LNG carriers.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2019

Sloshing impact loads on liquefied natural gas (LNG) carr iers are the main issue of damage to the insulation system in LNG cargo containment system (LNG CCS). The damage to the insulation system would be fatal in maintaining a temperature-savings environment in LNG CCS. The typical method is to enhance the insulation materials that can maintain a constant cryogenic temperature. Insulation materials consist of polyurethane foam and plywood, an adhesive for bonding these two materials. This study intends to improve the absorption energy of the material when the impact load is applied by creating a glass bubble/epoxy composite resin as part of the insulation. The experimental scenarios consider the effect of temperature ($20^{\circ}C$, $-163^{\circ}C$), glass bubble weight fraction in epoxy resin through free fall experiments. Experiments have shown that if the glass bubble additive reaches 20 wt.%, the cryogenic absorption energy is a maximum performance and that 0 wt.% has a maximum ambient absorption energy. However, the agglomeration has been occurred due to deterioration of the stirring performance if weight fraction was 20 wt.% and the result of 0 wt.% have been revealed that ambient absorption energy is significantly lower.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

In this study, carbon fiber reinforced polymeric (CFRP) composites with different resin composition were manufactured and resin formulation in composite materials were presented through tensile tests for cryogenic use. Thermo-mechanical cyclic loading (up to 6 cycles) was applied to CFRP unidirectional laminate specimens from room temperature to $-150^{\circ}C$. Tensile tests were then performed at $-150^{\circ}C$ using an environmental test chamber. In addition, matrix-dominant properties such as the transverse and in-plane shear characteristics of each composite model were measured at $-150^{\circ}C$ to examine the effects of resin formulation on their interfacial properties. The tensile tests showed that the composite models with large amounts of bisphenol-A epoxy and CTBN modified rubber in their resin composition had good mechanical performance at cryogenic temperature (CT).

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.309-314
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• 2020

Polymer composites were used to reduce the weight of the spacecraft's cryogenic propellant tank. Since these materials were directional, the permeability performance of the gas permeated or delivered in the stacking direction was an indicator directly related to performance such as tank stability and onboard fuel quantity estimation. In addition, the results of permeation measurements and optical analysis of the surface to verify the effect of the number of cycles exposed to the cryogenic-room temperature environment are included. As a result, the permeability was inversely proportional to the thickness and was proportional to the number of thermal shocks, and it was verified that the permeability performance was suitable for the cryogenic propellant tank material for the space launch vehicle.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1992

최근 에너지 절약면에서 초전도 케이블에 관심을 모으고 있다. 그러나 케이블의 수명과 신뢰성을 보장하기 위해서는 극저온 절연기술이 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 극적은 기체 질소의 절연파괴특성과 기구에 대해 보고한다. 극저온 기체 질소(300K-93K)의 절연파괴전압은 액체 질소(77K)의 경우의 1/4~1/6배정도 낮으며 온도와 기체밀도에 의존한다. 또한 비등점근처의 온도영역을 제외하고는 Paschen의 법칙이 성립한다.