• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.1 s.111
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

in a software development, the design or architecture prior to implementing the software is essential for the success. This paper presents a case that we successfully designed a software architecture of radiation monitoring system (RMS) for HANARO research reactor currently operating in KAERI by applying the quality attribute-driven design method which is modified from the attribute-driven design (ADD) introduced by Bass[1]. The quality attribute-driven design method consists of following procedures: eliciting functionality and quality requirements of system as architecture drivers, selecting tactics to satisfy the drivers, determining architectures based on the tactics, and implementing and validating the architectures. The availability, maintainability, and interchangeability were elicited as duality requirements, hot-standby dual servers and weak-coupled modulization were selected as tactics, and client-server structure and object-oriented data processing structure were determined at architectures for the RMS. The architecture was implemented using Adroit which is a commercial off-the-shelf software tool and was validated based on performing the function-oriented testing. We found that the design method in this paper is an efficient method for a project which has constraints such as low budget and short period of development time. The architecture will be reused for the development of other RMS in KAERI. Further works are necessary to quantitatively evaluate the architecture.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.174-184
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• 2015

In the present study, the metabolism of [$^{14}C$]butachlor was investigated in rice plant according to the OECD test guideline No. 501. [$^{14}C$]Butachlor was treated as granule to paddy water by application of 1.5 kg ingredient (a.i.)/ha at the 3~4 leave stage of rice plant. At 85 days after treatment (DAT), samples of panicle, foliage, and roots were taken for radioactivity analysis. Upon harvest at 126 DAT, rice plants were separated into brown rice, husk, straw, and root parts. Amounts of total radioactivity absorbed by rice plant ranged from 8.6 to 9.8% of applied radioactivity (AR). Total radioactive residues (TRRs) of rice plant at 126 DAT was the highest as 4.0421 mg/kg (7.3% AR) in the straw followed by 1.4595 mg/kg (2.4% AR) in the root, 0.7257 mg/kg (0.1% AR) in the husk. The lowest level recording 0.1020 mg/kg (0.1% AR) was found in brown rice. Each part was extracted with various solvents and solvent/water mixtures. Greater than 70% of TRRs was readily extractable from foliage, panicle, husk and straw. Only 34.0% of the brown rice and 43% of root based on TRRs were extractable showing that the residues were completely assimilated in the plant tissue. The level of non-extractable radioactivity was ranged from 26.2 to 66.0% of TRRs. From this study, five tentative major metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) were observed in rice extracts. Among the metabolites, 2,6-diethylaniline assigned as M4 was identified in rice plant by comparing to retention time of reference standard. Un-metabolized butachlor was not detected in any fractions. In soil extracts, N-(butoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethyl phenyl)acetamide, 2,6-diethylaniline, M2, M3 and M5 were observed. And the concentration of butachlor was low level (ca. 0.03 mg/kg).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2000

The leaching behaviour of quinclorac was elucidated using soil columns. On top of each glass column packed with a rice paddy soil up to the 30 cm height were applied three different treatments of [$^{14}C$]quinclorac: quincloiac only (T-1), quinclorac adsorbed onto active carbon (T-2), and quinclorac adsorbed onto a mixture of active carbon and $Ca(OH)_{2}$ (T-3). Half of the columns were planted with rice plants for 17 weeks and half of them unplanted for comparison. Average amounts of $^{14}C$-activity percolated from tile soil columns without rice plants in T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 81.1%, 27.8% and 48.0%, respectively, of tile originally applied $^{14}C$, whereas those with rice plants grown were 36.8%, 9.6% and 11.0%, respectively, indicating that the leaching of [$^{14}C$]quinclorac was significantly affected by vegetation and by treatment with the adsorbents. The bioavailability of the herbicide to rice plants in T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 13.6%, 11.0% and 13.9%, respectively. The residue levels of quinclorac in the edible part of rice grains would be far less than the maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.5 ppm). After the leaching, the amounts of $^{14}C$ remaining in soil in with rice planting T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 36.3%, 73.7%, and 61.8%, whereas those without rice planting were 19.7%, 71.1%, and 52.3%, respectively. The balance sheets indicate that [$^{14}C$]quinclorac translocated to rice shoots would be lost by volatilization and/or in other ways in T-1 and T-3. The $^{14}C$-activity partitioned into the aqueous phase of the leachates collected from all treatments was less than 7% of the total, but it increased gradually with time in the case of rice growing, suggesting tile formation of some polar degradation products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2013

This study was carried out to validate the safety of ametoctradin residues in agricultural commodities by developing an official analysis method. An analytical method was developed and validated using HPLC-PDA detectors. The samples were extracted with methanol, subsequently partitioned with dichloromethane and purified with florisil column chromatograph using acetone/hexane (30/70, v/v) as solvent. The method was validated by using grape, hulled rice, mandarin, and potato spiked with ametoctradin at 0.05 and 5.0 mg/kg, and pepper at 0.05 and 2.0 mg/kg. Average recoveries were 76-114.8% with relative standard deviation less than 10%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0125 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The result of recoveries and overall coefficient of variation of the laboratory results from Gwangju regional Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Daejeon regional FDA was accorded with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guideline (CAC/GL 40). Based on these results, this method was found to be appropriate for ametoctradin residue determination and can be used as the official method of analysis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2002

A bioconcentration experiment was performed for killifish using nonradioactive and radioactive butachlor. At 0.036 ppm concentration, the highest bioconcentration ratio $(C_f/C_w)$ and BCF at steady state recorded as 296 and 87 respectively. And at 0.0036 ppm concentration, the highest $C_f/C_w$ ratio was 169 and the BCF was 51 at steady state. Considering the experimental variation of the BCF's, the BCF of butachlor was tentatively determined to be $69{\pm}28$. And the $^{14}C-butachlor$ and its metabolites depurated about 50% within 12 hours and 90% within 30 hours after depuration experiment started. And in vivo metabolites, designated as M-I, M-II, and M-III, were found in killifish and the excretes as butachlor was metabolised.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.470-475
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• 2005

Antimicrobial activities of pyroligneous liquor were investigated by determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The solvent extracts of pyroligneous liquor, which were extracted by using solvents with different polarities such as hexane, ethylacetate, or butanol. The activities were examined by disc diffusion method using MIC against 7 food poisoning microbe type strains. Antimicrobial activities were shown in hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions of pyroligneous liquor. Among the four fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganism such as Shigella sonnei, and Yersinia enterocolitica at the concentration of 2.0 mg/disc. The purified P-1 and P-2 fractions isolated by silica gel column chromatography from ethylacetate fraction of pyroligneous liquor had the highest antimicrobial activity. The total phenolic compounds content in ethylacetate, hexane, butanol, and aqueous fraction was 488.3 mg/g, 403.8 mg/g, 83.6mg/g, and 74.5 mg/g, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction could be suitable for the development of isolation and identification of antimicrobial compound from pyroligneous liquor, resulting from the above antimicrobial activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2018

Plasticizers added to thermoplastic polymers are known to shorten the life of products due to the elution to outside, and some of them are harmful to our environment and human body. Since the use of phthalate plasticizers suspected of being carcinogens has been gradually prohibited, there is a need for environmentally friendly plasticizers that can replace them. Most of the substances have a low compatibility with resin, high cost and lack of safety verification. Therefore, in this study, four kinds of norbornene dialkyl ester compounds possessing excellent physical properties, which are also reported as safe compounds from the toxicity evaluation, were added to PVC resin to evaluate the possibility of human exposure by leaching, and also the potential usage as plasticizer candidates alternative to commercial ones including DEHP, DINCH and DOTP. The test was carried out according to the American standard test method (ASTM). The results showed that di-2-ethylhexyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DEHN) in aqueous solvents and diisopentyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DIPN) compounds in oil solvents were superior or equivalent to DEHP. In addition, all four norbornene compounds showed lower values than 100 ppm, which is considered to have an influence on the environment, indicating that the polar norbornene structure affects the elution.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 1992

A metabolic study has been conducted to investigate the conversion of pentachlorophenol(PCP) to water soluble metabolites in soybean and rice cell suspension cultures as well as in intact rice plants. PCP in plant cells was found to be exclusively transformed into water soluble metabolites. The relative rate of the metabolic conversion of PCP in decreasing order was soybean cultures > rice cultures > rice plants. Also observed was that, the older the cultures grown, the lower the conversion rate was. Primary water soluble metabolites isolated from both the 5 day old soybean and 8 day old rice cells were specifically hydrolyzed only by ${\beta}$-glucosidic linkage specific glucosidase, suggesting that the metabolites are ${\beta}$-glucose conjugates. The amount of glucose conjugates was increased with increasing time of incubation of PCP up to 24 hr in both soybean and rice cultures; Thereafter, it was decreased progressively. Most of the glucose conjugates were further metabolized to more polar conjugates in cells, but a portion of them was excreted into the culture medium.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.463-472
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• 2005

In this paper, the dynamic model development for interplanetary navigation has been discussed. The Cowell method for special perturbation theories was employed to develop an interplanetary trajectory propagator including the perturbations due to geopotential, the Earth's dynamic polar motion, the gravity of the Sun, the Moon and the other planets in the solar system, the relativistic effect of the Sun, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The equations of motion in dynamic model were numerically integrated using Adams-Cowell 11th order predictor-corrector method. To compare the influences of each perturbation, trajectory propagation was performed using initial transfer orbit elements of the Mars Express mission launched in 2003, because it can be the criterion to choose proper perturbation models for navigation upon required accuracy. To investigate the performance of dynamic model developed, it was tested whether the spacecraft can reach the Mars. The interplanetary navigation tool developed in this study demonstrated the spacecraft entering the Mars SOI(Sphere of Influence) and its velocity .elative to the Mars was less than the escape velocity of the Mars, hence, the spacecraft can arrive at the target planet. The obtained results were also verified by using the AGI Satellite Tool Kit. It is concluded that the developed program is suitable for supporting interplanetary spacecraft mission for a future Korean Mars mission.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 1992

DDVP, malathion and diazinon ECs which differ in chemical compositions and moisture contents were formulated with nine emulsifiers, three solvents(xylene, cyclohexanone and DMF) and epichlorohydrin. For the studies of decomposition characteristics, these technicals and ECs were subjected to the test under elevated temperature at $54^{\circ}C$ for 15 days and $38^{\circ}C$ for 90 days respectively. DDVP technical was rapidly decomposed in early stage of thermoaccelerated test at $54^{\circ}C$, but the decomposition rate slowed down with time. As for malathion and diazinon technicals, the longer they were incubated, the more decomposed. The decomposed AI in ECs increased with solvent polarity. The increment of moisture content in ECs accelerated the decomposition of AI, and that was remarkable especially in diazinon ECs. Addition of emulsifiers increased the moisture content to be accelerated the decomposition of AI, but the decomposition of AI was more affected by the kind of emulsifier than by the moisture content of emulsifier, Stabilizing effect by epichlorohydrin was distingished in malathion and diazinon ECs, but there was no effect in other solvent-based formulation except xylene.