• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2017

In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analyses were used for evaluation of genetic diversity of 61 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) germplasms including domestic and overseas collection cultivars. Forty RAPD primers were detected in a total of 230 polymorphic bands with an average of 5.75. Thirty-two SRAP primer combinations were detected in a total of 204 polymorphic bands with an average 6.38. By unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis using 434 polymorphic bands, kiwifruit germplasms were classified in three groups with similarity value of 0.680. Cluster I consisted of 46 kiwifruit germplasms belonging to A. deliciosa, A. chinensis, A. deliciosa ${\times}$ A. arguta, A. chinensis ${\times}$ A. arguta, and A. chinensis ${\times}$ A. deliciosa. Cluster II consisted of seven germplasms belonging to A. arguta and 'Skinny Green', a cultivar derived from a cross between A. arguta and A. deliciosa. Cluster III consisted of seven germplasms belonging to A. rufa, A. hemsleyana, A. macrosperma, A. polygama, and A. eriantha. Genetic similarity values among tested kiwifruit germplasms ranged from 0.479-0.991, and average similarity value was 0.717. Similarity value was highest (0.991) between NHK0038 (A. deliciosa) and NHK0040 (A. deliciosa), and lowest (0.479) between 'Hayward' (A. deliciosa) and K5-1-22 (A. arguta).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.230-247
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• 2018

We conducted principal component analyses using the quantitative characteristics of the genus Sorbaria to investigate and explore morphological variation and diagnostic characteristics. The genus Sorbaria was divided into two groups based on erect or pendulous inflorescence, the existence of hairs on the ovary and follicle surfaces, the number of stamens, and the shape of the sepal. As a result of our investigation and of a morphometric analysis, these two groups could be also classified using quantitative characteristics, in this case the number of leaflets, the size of the leaflets, the width of the inflorescence, the size of the sepal, the petal, and the follicles and seeds. In the Sorbifolia group (S. grandiflora and S. sorbifolia complex), the size of lateral leaflets, number of veins, gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of leaflets, and the petal and follicle size were found to be useful identification characteristics. The terminal and lateral leaflet size and the gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of the leaflets were found to be characters of taxonomic value for the Kirilowii group (S. arborea complex, S. kirilowii, and S. tomentosa complex). The results of the numerical analysis conducted here can provide valuable information to those reconsidering and delimiting a taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.567-574
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a buffering scheme to improve the performance by adaptively adjusting the length of the buffering period according to the degree of data duplication among peers that belong to each specific playback period in P2P live streaming systems. To do so, we first assign all the peers into many groups depending on their playback time positions. We then determine the length of their buffering periods according to the number of peers belonging to each group. That is, we increase the length of the buffering periods when much buffered data are duplicated among peers within a group while we decrease it when few buffered data are duplicated. By simulation experiments, we show that our proposed buffering scheme can improve the performance significantly compared to the fixed length buffering scheme that have been employed in the existing mesh-based P2P systems.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.598-607
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 실감공간에 대한 청소년의 반응을 바탕으로 향후 기술 개발 방향에 대한 조언을 하기 위하여 총 41명의 학생을 대상으로 소집단 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 청소년들이 자주 사용하는 미디어의 종류와 이유, 미디어 사용에서 느끼는 불편한 점, 그들이 상상하는 미래형 미디어의 모습과 실감공간기술에 대한 반응을 묻고, 그 결과를 유형화하였다. 연구 결과 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 참가자들은 자주 사용하는 미디어로 휴대폰과, 인터넷, MP3, 활자 매체 등을 꼽았다. 활자매체의 장점으로는 높은 몰입도를, 인터넷의 장점으로는 편리한 인터페이스, 핸드폰의 장점으로는 이동성이 제기되었다. 그러나 핸드폰과 관련하여 청소년들은 불편한 인터페이스, 작은 용량과 빨리 닳는 배터리를 단점으로 지적했고 뉴미디어 공통적으로 느린 속도, 미디어에 의존하게 되는 강박증적 증세, 사생활 침해의 문제와 대인관계유지에 있어서의 부작용, 높은 이용료 등의 문제가 제기되었다. 이들은 일상생활이 미디어 이용에 의해 방해받고 있으며 미디어 이용으로 인해 불필요한 '필요'가 생겨나고 있다고 지적했다. 미래형 미디어에 대한 바람은 기존 미디어의 단점이 보완, 개선되는 측면에서 제시되었다. 더욱 편리해진 인터페이스와 기존 뉴미디어의 장점이 접목되는 방향의 미디어 통합도 요청되었다. 그러나 실감공간기술에 대해서는 긍정적인 반응보다는 부정적인 반응을 수적으로 우세해 주목을 끌었다. 진화된 형태의 미디어에 대해 긍정적인 반응을 보일 것이라는 예상과는 달리 실감공간기술이 기존의 면 대 면 대인관계를 파괴할 것이며 사생활을 침해하고 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 등의 거부감과 공포를 구체적으로 피력한 것이다. 이러한 두려움(fear)은 선행연구에 따르면 사람들이 새로운 매체에 대해 갖는 두려움과 이로부터 발생하는 두려움에 대한 대응은 혁명적 변화의 가능성을 억압하여 기존의 질서와 새로운 질서가 공존하는 기간을 늘림으로써 미시적 차원에서 단절적 역사의 경험을 완화시키는 기능을 하는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 연구 결과 나타난 실감공간 기술에 대한 부정적인 반응도 이러한 맥락에서 해석될 수 있다. 즉 인터뷰 참가자들이 피력한 두려움은 뉴미디어 도입과 함께 반복되는 현상이며 이것은 새로운 현상이 아니다. 두려움은 기존 질서와 새로운 질서가 공존하는 기간을 연장시킴으로써 완충재로서 기능한다. 따라서 향후 기술 개발과 확산 과정에서 실감공간기술의 긍정적인 면모에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요하며 수용자들의 바람과 신기술에 대한 공포감을 이해하고 이를 기술 개발 방향 설정에 적극적으로 반영하는 자세가 요청된다고 하겠다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2022

In this study, I analyzed what rhetorical citation type students most frequently used when reinforcing logic of their opinions and arguments in research papers, and compared these rhetorical types between higher and lower Korean proficiency levels of students. These 30 student papers included the following rhetorical citation types: statistics, attribution, exemplification, statement of use, establishing connections between sources, and comparing one's own findings or interpretations with other sources. Statistics was the most frequently used rhetorical citation type. In addition, the group with the highest level of Korean proficiency used citations about 8 to 11 times in their papers, and incorporated a variety of citation types including attribution, statistics, exemplification, and statement of use. Lower level students used significantly less citations and citation types. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness that "citations" is an important strategy to reinforce one's own logic, teach various types of citations as important research writing strategies, and prepare a more citation-focused academic writing curriculum.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

To investigate the mycoflora of indoor air in a Sogokju, traditional rice wine, factory, fungi were sampled and analyzed from the air of several rooms in the factory using an Anderson air sampler and from two kinds of Nuruk. Twelve fungal species belonging to the genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gibberella, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces were isolated. Species belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium genera were the major species. Seven different species of Penicillium were isolated from each different room of the factory. The Aspergillus species found from indoor air of the factory was also found from Nuruk. Rhizopus sp. was commonly isolated from Nuruk but not from indoor air of the factory. This is first report of fungi present in indoor air of a traditional rice wine factory in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.220-224
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• 2014

In this study we assessed the efficacy of an automatic dispensing/injection system (ADIS) to reduce the radiation exposure of workers during PET procedures. NMW(Nuclear Medicine Workers) were classified into 2 groups, one of which used conventional method and the other used an ADIS. The radiation dose during injection were also measured in both groups, with another set of experiment. In dispensing step, ADIS imposed significantly less radiation dose than conventional method, both to finger and to whole body. In injection step, ADIS also imposed significantly less dose to finger, while the dose of whole body was somewhat larger in ADIS than in conventional method. Using ADIS, the radiation exposure of NMW during dispensing was markedly reduced. Also, the exposure of finger during injection was markedly reduced, although exposure of whole body was mildly increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.54-58
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• 2006

As media and product became variety, the propensity of the people are coming to be various. To search for some popularity in this various life, we can find the class called 'the maina.' Todays, worlds are changing so fast that the masses can only have short life but if the Mania takes shape, becomes longer as natural. Also the hundreds of animations are broadcasted in a day, almost of them are forgotten in memories. However, the animations could lasting its value which has the Mania. This thesis is a studies on the constitution of Mania from animation 'Fullmetal Alchemist's Character. We can know the audience were not just like it, but they get crazy for it by comparing Japanese animation industry in those days; before it has been shrinking. Also, various contents of Fullmetal Alchemist means had enough customers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.3B
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• pp.305-313
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• 2004

Group multicast refers to the kind of multicast in which every member of a group is allowed to transmit data to the group. The goal of routing algorithms for group multicast is to construct a set of low cost multicast trees including all the group members with QoS (e.g., bandwidth) constraint. There have been several algorithms proposed: source tree and shared tree approaches. However, the latter approach has a low success rate in constructing a shared multicast tree, and the former approach suffers from high control overhead and low scalability as stoup size increases. In this paper, we present a heuristic algorithm which varies the number of multicast trees according to the network load. The simulation results show not only that our algorithm outperforms the shared tree approach in terms of the success rate, but also that it has lower control overhead than the source tree approach while guaranteeing the same success rate.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

근거리 통신 네트워크(LAN : Local Area Network), 원거리 통신 네트워크(WAN : Wide Area Network), 대도시 지역 네트워크(MAN : Metro Area Network)는 서로 다른 표준의 전송 속도 및 프로토콜을 사용하기 때문에 네트워크 연동 등에 있어서 비용 대비 성능을 최적화 하기에 매우 어려운 상황이다. 최근에는 서로 다른 이들의 네트워크에 소요되는 대역폭의 증가에 따라 통신사업자 및 장비업체에서는 각 네트워크의 전송속도가 초당 10기가비트로 수렴될 것으로 예상하고 있다. 10기가비트 이더넷 기술은 IEEE 802.3 그룹에서 표준화가 진행중인 초고속 LAN 기술로서 기가비트에 그쳤던 LAN의 속도 개선과 아울러 MAN-WAN의 종단 네트워크 일부로써 LAN을 사용할 수 있도록 하는 차세대 기간 네트워크 기술이다. 인터넷 서비스 제공자(Internet Service Provider)들이 10기가비트 이더넷 기술을 사용되면 LAN과 MAN/WAN으로 분리되었다. 네트워크 경계가 허물어질 것으로 예상된다. 특히 급증하는 향후 트래픽의 대부분이 인터넷 트래픽임을 감안하면 이에 적합한 해결책이 절실하게 요구된다. 본 고에서는 이러한 10기가비트 이더넷 기술과 관련된 국제 표준화 동향과 기술 요소 및 10기가비트 이더넷 기술을 이용하는 경우의 응용 사례를 살펴보고자 한다.