• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Compared with traditional face-to-face instruction, online learning causes learners to experience more severe feeling of isolation and results in higher dropout rate. This is due to the lack of interaction, sense of belonging, membership, interdependency, cooperation among members and social environment that enables persistence in online learning. Therefore, it is very important for grouping e-learning community to lower the dropout rate and eliminate feeling of isolation. In this paper, the research has been done on the inclination test list to be applied for grouping the desirable learning community. And on the basis of this research, the grouping system for e-learning community(GSE) based on intelligent multi agents for an inclination test using homogeneous and heterogeneous items has been developed. GSE system has such properties that construct a personalized user profile by an agent, and then make groupings according to users' inclination. When this system was evaluated, about 88% of learners were satisfied, and they wanted the group not to be disorganized but to be maintained.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

목 적 : 두경부 암은 발생 순위에서 전체 6위에 해당하는 다빈도 암이나 최근 20여년 동안의 노력에도 불구하고 두경부 암의 독톡한 특성상 생존률에서 뚜렷한 향상을 보이지 못하고 있다. 특히, 하인두 암은 원발 부위의 점막하 침윤이 흔하며, 주변 림프절 전이와 원격 전이가 흔하고, 2차 원발 암종 발생이 흔하여 두경부 암 중에서도 가장 불량한 예후를 보이고 있는 악성 종양이다. 최근에 이러한 암을 치료하고 진단하기 위한 방법으로 분자생물학적 접근법들이 많이 시도 되고 있으며, 그 중 하나로 N-myc downstream regulated gene-1(Ndrg-1)이라는 유전자가 유방, 전립선, 방광 암 등의 타 악성 종양에서 종양의 전이 및 진행 양상과 관련되어 있다는 보고가 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 하인두 암에서의 Ndrg-1의 발현 양상을 살펴보고 이와 임상 양상과의 연관관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1996년부터 2003년까지 수술 받은 하인두 암 환자 56명을 대상으로 면역조직화학검사를 시행하여 Ndrg-1 발현을 확인하였고, 3명의 신선 조직을 대상으로 RT-PCR, Western blot을 시행하였다. 결 과 : Ndrg-1은 RT-PCR에서 정상 조직과 악성종양 조직 모두에서 비슷한 수준으로 발현되었다. 그러나 Western blot에서는 정상 조직에서 뚜렷한 증가 양상을 보여 타 연구와 동일한 결과를 보였고, 이는 불필요하며 비효율적인 mRNA수준에서의 발현이 있지만 최종적인 단백 산물 발현에서는 암종의 진행과 연계되어 악성 종양 진행군에서 발현이 억제되는 결과로 해석된다. 면역조직화학검사에서는 정상 상피조직에서 Ndrg-1 발현이 확인되었으며, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않으나 불량한 예후를 가진 그룹에서 대체로 발현이 억제되는 악성 종양과의 역 연관 관계를 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 림프절 전이를 보인 그룹과 그렇지 않은 그룹 사이에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 확인되었다. 결 론 : 즉, 림프절 전이가 없는 그룹에서 Ndrg-1이 종양의 전이에 관여할 것이라는 타 연구와 일관된 결과로 하인두 암에서도 그 역할이 있음을 나타내는 결과라 할 수 있다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.575-583
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• 2018

This study approached EPL learning with deductive teaching and learning methods and inductive teaching and learning methods which are grammar teaching and learning methods. In the entry site, lectures provided for elementary school students in grades 5 to 6 were set as deductive learning courses. Based on this, inductive learning process was developed and each learning process was composed of 12 periods. After conducting the research, EPL utilization evaluation, learning satisfaction and immersion test were conducted between the two groups. It was difficult to obtain statistically meaningful results between the two groups. However, in the three tests, the mean value of groups using inductive teaching and learning methods was high. If we construct a long-term learning process and conduct research, we think that statistically meaningful results are produced between the two groups.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to propose appropriate requirements to obtain a pilot's license in order to improve the safety of pilotage related to a survey of experts involved with pilotage. The survey has been conducted by experts from stakeholders in various fields. To suggest requirements for the license, a hypothesis test has been conducted. It turns out that onboard experience with higher gross tonnage is eligible for pilot. Secondly, it is required to have onboard experience of more than one year as a captain, within 5 years from the date that the individual takes the pilot's written test, with 5 years onboard experience as a captain. Lastly, if personality and aptitude tests are added to the requirements to obtain a pilot's license, the safety of pilotage will increase rapidly.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.184-193
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• 2021

This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the FRIENDS program in improving the resilience of adolescents. For this purpose, the following research questions were chosen: 1) What effect does the FRIENDS program have on the resilience of adolescents? 2) What difference does the FRIENDS program make for the subfactors of resilience in adolescents? 3) After completing the FRIENDS program, what sustained effects are there on adolescent resiliency? They were divided into experimental and control groups and the results from before and after group coaching as well as follow-up results were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. For measuring resilience, KRQ-53 created by Juhwan Kim was utilized in this study. Finally, based on prior research and under the guidance of his advisor, the author adapted the FRIENDS program to fit the study subjects' circumstances. This program was conducted across 10 sessions which were 50 minutes each. The study found that the FRIENDS group coaching program had a positive effect on enhancing the resilience of adolescents.Based on the discussion and research findings.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2022

Since attaining middle age, many patients suffer from the post-micturition dribble (PMD) syndrome but do not receive proper treatment. This is because the etiology and treatment mechanisms of PMD differ from conventional lower urinary tract symptoms. Several pathophysiologies have been proposed, but the mechanisms we observed are the weakening of the bulbocavernosus muscle and dilation of the urethra due to atrophy of the cavernosal tissue. This study investigates the mechanism of PMD by observing anatomical changes in the corpus cavernosum and urethra. SD male rats were categorized by age into the young rats group (8 weeks old) and the old rats group (24 months or more). The ratio area of the bulbous urethra and corpus cavernosum to the total penis was statistically significant between both groups (P<0.05). Significant differences were obtained between the two groups for restored smooth muscle contents and several other parameters related to PMD mechanisms (nNOS, α-SMA) (P<0.05). The changes in size and parameters of the urethra and corpus cavernosum in young and old rats were confirmed. The results from this study are expected to contribute to the study of PMD in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1986

CAI 프로그램 개발에 Piaget의 인지 발달 이론과 학습자의 수업 조절(learner-control) 전략을 적용하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 미국의 North Carolina주에 있는 Greensboro Day School의 9학년과 10학년 학생 102명을 실험 대상으로 하여 인지 발달의 수준을 조사하고, 3그룹으로 나누어 그들에게 구체적 조작 수준의 CAI, 형식적 조작 수준의 CAI, 그리고 학습자가 수업의 수준을 선택 학습할 수 있는 CAI의 3가지 형태를 각각 학습시킨 후 학습의 효과성을 조사 비교하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사 학생들의 3.92%가 구체적 조작의 초기 수준(IIA)에, 37.25%가 구체적조작의 완전 수준(IIB)에, 47.06%가 형식적 조작의 초기 수준(IIIA)에, 그리고 11.76%가 형식적 조작의 완전 수준(IIIB)에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 구체적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 형식적 조작 수준의 CAI를 실시 한 그룹은 학습자 수업 조절 CAI를 실시한 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.660, P=0.031). 3) 구체적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 형식적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 신어서 학습한 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.257, P=0.044). 4) 성취도 검사의 전체 문항에 대하여, 구체적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 섞어서 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=5,340, P=0.009). 5) 형식적 조작 수준의 문항에 대하여, 구체적 수준의 수업만 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들은 구체적 수준과 형식적 수준의 수업을 섞어서 학습한 그룹의 구체적 수준의 학생들보다 유의하게 높은 학업 성취도를 보였다(F=3.511, P=0.044).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.334-336
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• 2001

표절을 쉽게 알아내기 위해, 프로그램 유사성 검사기(CloneChecker)를 만들었다. CloneChecker는 프로그램을 요약해서, 유사성을 계산하고, 비슷한 그룹들로 묶어 낸다. CloneChecker는 두 프로그램의 모든 부 구문트리(abstract syntax sub-tree)들을 서로 비교하므로 구문의 사소한 변화에 민감하지 않으며, 그럼에도 해쉬 함수를 이용하여 빠르게 수행된다. CloneChecker는 실제 강의에서 사용되었으며, C, Java, Scheme, nML로 짜여진 프로그램들에 대해 동작한다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Patients were classified into four groups based on their severity of polysomnographic data: the snoring group (n=108)-characterized by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI<5); the mild OSA group (n=186)-AHI $5{\leq}AHI$<15; the moderate OSA group (n=179)- AHI $15{\leq}AHI$<30; and the severe OSA group (n=233)-$AHI{\geq}30$. On the same night of polysomnography (PSG), BP levels were measured before sleeping (bedtime BP) and immediately after waking up on the following morning (morning BP). EDS was recognized as ESS (epworth sleepiness scale)${\geq}9$. The differences and correlations between BP and PSG parameters in the EDS and non-EDS groups of OSAH patients were analyzed. MAP was positively correlated with BMI, AHI, and total arousal (r=0.099, r=0.142, r=0.135, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01), while negatively correlated with mean $SaO_2$ (r=-0.258, p<0.01). The EDS group had overall younger population ($47.2{\pm}11.3$ vs $50.3{\pm}11.4$, p=0.023), higher DBP (both bedtime and morning, $83.1{\pm}9.7$ vs $81.4{\pm}8.8$ and $86.4{\pm}9.2$ vs $83.6{\pm}9.7$)(p=0.031, p=0.047), and higher SBP (both bedtime and morning, $126.7{\pm}11.2$ vs $123.4{\pm}12.4$, $128.9{\pm}12.4$ vs $125.3{\pm}12.9$)(p=0.021, p=0.021) than compared with the non-EDS group. In hypertensive OSAH patients, patients with EDS were also younger and had higher total arousal number, as well as higher morning and bedtime DBP and SBP than compared with the non-EDS group (p<0.005, p=0.008, p<0.001 and p<0.001). EDS in OSAHS patients is a special phenotype characterized by younger age, higher DBP, more severe desaturation, and hypertension.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of hepatobiliary dysfunction (HD) at our hospital and determine the possible risk factors and complications associated with the development of HD in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: A retrospective study of VLBWI (n=92) that required PN between 2004 and 2008 in the NICU at the Bucheon St. Marys Hospital of Catholic University was performed. HD was defined by a direct bilirubin (DB) >2 mg and a transaminase of 60 IU/L defined cholestasis and liver injury. Groups I, II, and III were limited to cases of cholestasis, liver injury without cholestasis, and no abnormalities, respectively. The VLBWI were compared to each other. Results: Thirty-six subjects (39.1%) had cholestasis and 51 (55.4%) had liver injury. In addition, 36 (39.1%), 19 (20.7%), and 37 (40.2%) subjects were classified as groups I, II, and III, respectively. The three groups showed significant differences in gestational age, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, use of surfactant, duration of parenteral nutrition, frequency of RBC transfusions, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (P<0.05). The multiple regression analysis with cholestasis as the dependent variable, showed a significant correlation with gestational age, use of surfactant, frequency of RBC transfusions, and PDA. Conclusion: Various factors, such as birth weight, gestational age, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, use of surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), frequency of RBC transfusions, BPD, and PDA may be related to hepatobiliary dysfunction in VLBWI treated with PN.