• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2013

The following experiment was designed to test the students' involvement in the interactive activities and objectives of the relevant chapters in the newly revised curriculum of 2007. The experiment was carried out with the purpose of understanding the level of participation of the Grade 9 students who have successfully completed the Grade 8 "Choice of Food and Diet" and "Table Manners and Dining Etiquette" courses with classified materials such as tables/diagrams/pictures, reading, and activity resources from Technology Home Economics textbooks. The chapters "Choice of Food and Diet" and "Food Preparation and Etiquette" generally emphasize the practical and experiential part of domestic life through using various activity resources; while the tables/diagrams/pictures and reading materials do not provide the students with first-hand experience, they support the students' learning by explaining the basic knowledge required for doing the activities and solving various problems. Within the main training courses, the objectives which the students achieved the highest marks were(in a descending order) "Table Manners and Dining Etiquette" (3.24), "Checking Nutrition Labels, Food Expiration Date, Country of Origin When Buying Food" (3.18), Additionally "Making Food" and "Planning a Healthy, Balanced Diet" hardly met the goals, the result of which shows clear relations to the well achieved objectives from the list of in-class activities that students directly participated in. Therefore, in order to increase the students' interest in the Food and Diet section of Technology Home Economics textbooks, it is recommended to encourage the students to actively engage in the class activities by developing various learning resources and teacher education/pedagogical materials, rather than following the conventional lecture-based teaching methods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-433
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• 2021

This paper aims to examine the effects of homeownership and residential types on the economic values of urban green spaces. Green open spaces as public goods provide positive externalities that are comprised of pecuniary and technological externalities. Seoul, South Korea, is used as a case study using choice experiments, with split-sample online respondents of 1,000. The study results evidenced that the differentiation between the two types of externalities is imperative for equitable provisions and efficient management of various urban open spaces. There is a positively significant and substantial impact of homeownership for apartment dwellers, ceteris paribus, but not for house dwellers. For apartments, the efficiency loss can be reduced by increasing green spaces up to the critical point where the marginal cost is at equilibrium with tenants' marginal values. For non-apartment houses, it is not homeownership but the monthly household income that has a significant impact on the amenity value. In general, public benefits from green spaces are equivalent to 16% to 33% of the current residential prices on average for a view or access. Different residential types do not cause a significant impact on the access values. Residential profiles for green spaces were developed, together with tailor-made policy suggestions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate dietary habits related to weight reduction and snack intake habits of $4^{th}$ to $5^{th}$ grade elementary students located in Jeju-si, Jeju, South Korea. Methods: The $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ grade elementary school students (total n = 234, equally matched numbers of normal weight children and overweight/obese children (n = 117/group)) were surveyed using a questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall method in Oct 2015. Results: The percentage of students who experienced reduced food intake to control weight was 26.3% in the normal weight group (NG) and 77.6% in the obese group (OG). Most frequently answered meal for reduced intake was snacks in the NG and dinner in the OG. Percentages of daily calorie intake among subjects were 17.2% for breakfast, 33.8% for lunch, 29.7% for dinner, and 19.3% for snacks. Frequency of snack intake was 2.1 times a week in NG and 1.6 times a week in OG, which showed a statistical difference between body weight groups. Types of snack foods were distinctly different depending on where children consumed them, although no difference was observed between NG and OG. In addition, snack intake level of low energy and nutrient-dense foods was significantly lower in the OG compared to the NG, whereas snack intake level of energy dense and low-nutritive foods was not different between the OG and NG. Conclusion: Taken together, snack intake level with consideration of frequency and amount of snack intake showed that children in the OG consumed significantly less low energy and nutrient-dense foods compared to the NG. Therefore, nutritional education for choosing healthy snack foods for children regardless of body weight status is crucial based on family-school links.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-223
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• 2008

This paper considers a heterogeneous agent dynamic general equilibrium model and analyzes effects of an increase in labor income tax rate on labor market and the aggregate variables in Korea. The fiscal policy regarding how the government uses the additional tax revenue may take the two forms: 1) general transfer and 2) earned income tax credit (EITC). The model features are as follows: 1) Workers are heterogeneous in their productivity. 2)Labor is indivisible, hence the analysis focuses on the variation in labor supply through the extensive margin in response to a change in fiscal policy. 3) The incomplete markets are introduced, so individual workers can not perfectly insure themselves against risks related to stochastic changes in income or employment status. 4) The model is of general equilibrium, hence it is equiped to analyze the feedback effect of changes in aggregate variables on individual workers' decisions. In the case of general transfer policy, the government equally distributes the additional tax revenue to all workers regardless of their employment states. Under this policy, an increase in the labor income tax rate dampens work incentives of individual workers so that the aggregate employment rate decreases by 1% compared with the benchmark economy. In the case of EITC policy, only employed workers whose labor incomes are below a certain EITC ceiling are eligible for the EITC benefits. Unlike the general transfer policy, the EITC induces low-income workers to participate the labor market to be eligible for EITC benefits. Hence, the aggregate employment rate may increase by 2.7% at the maximum. As the EITC ceiling increases, too many workers can collect the EITC but the benefits per worker becomes too little so that the increase in employment rate is negligible. By and large, this study demonstrates that EITC may effectively raise the aggregate employment rate, and that it can be a useful policy tool in response to the decrease in the labor force due to population aging as observed in Korea recently.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.487-496
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• 2000

In this paper, the Multi-FNN(Fuzzy-Neural Networks) model is identified and optimized using HCM(Hard C-Means) clustering method and genetic algorithms. The proposed Multi-FNN is based on Yamakawa's FNN and uses simplified inference as fuzzy inference method and error back propagation algorithm as learning rules. We use a HCM clustering and Genetic Algorithms(GAs) to identify both the structure and the parameters of a Multi-FNN model. Here, HCM clustering method, which is carried out for the process data preprocessing of system modeling, is utilized to determine the structure of Multi-FNN according to the divisions of input-output space using I/O process data. Also, the parameters of Multi-FNN model such as apexes of membership function, learning rates and momentum coefficients are adjusted using genetic algorithms. A aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is used to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization abilities of the model. The aggregate performance index stands for an aggregate objective function with a weighting factor to consider a mutual balance and dependency between approximation and predictive abilities. According to the selection and adjustment of a weighting factor of this aggregate abjective function which depends on the number of data and a certain degree of nonlinearity, we show that it is available and effective to design an optimal Multi-FNN model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we use the time series data for gas furnace and the numerical data of nonlinear function.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.551-565
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• 2013

This paper examines the aspects of development education in the Geography Syllabus in the State of NSW, Australia and geography textbooks developed by it. The aspects of development education in the Geography Syllabus and textbooks is as follows. Firstly, Development Education is implicitly described in terms of the difference of the quality of life and aid links in Geography (Mandatory) Stage 4 and Geography (Mandatory) Stage 5, but clearly in Geography Elective. Moreover, Development Geography is one of unit to learn deeply in case of Global Challenges in Stage 6. Secondly, in geography textbooks, development education is sequenced with learning of the quality of life in everyday life, understanding of diverse meaning of development and measure of development, and the role of individuals and organizations for reducing the global inequality. The implications of the findings is as follows. Firstly, geography curriculum needs to be consist of the difference of the quality of life in the middle school, and development geography in high school. Secondly, the major concepts of development education like development, measure of development and the aid etc. need to be described in the different views. Thirdly, development education needs learners to learn the interdependence and practice the global citizenship through learning of specific links of our country with others. Finally, geography textbooks should not describe the normative efforts for reducing global inequality, and treat individual practical cases as well as organizations like government and NGOs so that learners empathize with their value and attitude through individual practical cases.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1208-1219
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• 2003

The Internet has become a part of our life and has changed our living environments dramatically. However, Electronic Commerce (EC) stays currently at a level that a buyer deals only with an one-sided condition (price) proposed by a seller or compares the proposed condition to find a better one. As the agent technology makes progress, EC requires negotiation that is not one-sided but is a way to maximize profits of both seller and buyer. Moreover, negotiation in EC should consider multiple issues rather than a single issue to replace the traditional commerce. In this paper we propose a negotiation model, which guarantees balanced profits between two agents through negotiation using multi-issues, and makes a deal successfully under time-constraint environment. The proposed negotiation model suggests strategies(alternative and simultaneous strategy) that change the value of issues with each agent has time for negotiation. In this paper, we also suggest a strategy that proposes an offer to each other. We compare the proposed negotiation model with another negotiation model. The experimental results show that dynamic conceder tactic and linear tactic showed balanced profits and a high percentage of deals for negotiation between two agents, and the sum of utilities of two agents is high, when the alternative strategy is used.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

As the application area of lithium secondary batteries becomes wider, performance characterization becomes difficult as well as diverse. To address this issue, battery manufacturers have to evaluate many batteries for a longer period, recruit many researchers and continuously introduce expensive equipment. Simulation techniques based on battery modeling are being introduced to solve such difficulties. Various lithium secondary battery modeling techniques have been reported so far and optimal techniques have been selected and utilized according to their purpose. In this review, the electrochemical modeling based on the Newman model is described in detail. Particularly, we will explain the physical meaning of each equation included in the model; the Butler-Volmer equation, which represents the rate of electrode reaction, the material and charge balance equations for each phase (solid and liquid), and the energy balance. Moreover, simple modeling processes and results based on COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a will be provided and discussed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.151-170
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• 2019

This study deals with the rent-seeking behavior that exist in cultural voucher from the viewpoint of culture and arts management. Art organizations open to consumers, producers and governments of the arts are dependent on the internal and external influence of an open system. Researcher has found rent-seeking in the course of introducing policies and legalization of the cultural voucher business which has been promoted in the direction of democratization of culture or cultural democracy. Cultural voucher business is a legal term. Although the government has increased the budget or tried to change the policies of the cultural voucher business, the implementation of the cultural voucher business has been opposed to the diversity of consumption and equity as the consumption of genre and the concentration of the capital region have increased. These results were structurally related to the process of legalization and rent-seeking behavior in bureaucracy. This study reaffirms that the efficient operation standard of the cultural voucher business is a balance between the choice of the beneficiary, the competition of the supplier, and access to the cultural voucher. And the theory of rent-seeking was applied as a criterion to analyze this balance. Thus, it is suggested that the criteria of evaluation and improvement to check the conservativeness of bureaucrats are needed to establish a legal system applied to the purpose of 'cultural democracy' and 'democratization of culture' ideology and to guarantee individual creativity and autonomy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.945-950
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• 2006

In implementing transportation projects, benefits have been estimated using conventional benefit components. However, these components have a lot of assumptions and limitations for benefit estimations and thus it seems to be difficult to obtain values of parameters as well as to overlook benefits of non-market goods in calculation process. In other words, current benefit estimations are considered that can be solely measured by directly depending on traffic volumes. Existing economic analysis do not reflect the full benefits, including direct and indirect of the project implementations. To illustrate this fact, bicycle road construction can result in various functional benefits, including improved quality of life, balanced regional development, and good scenery composition. These benefits can not be explained with conventional economic analysis. The objective of this research is to estimate valuation of bicycle road construction using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). CVM can evaluate user's direct willingness-to-pay as well as maximize bicycle utilization with balanced regional development. This research used the coastline bicycle road construction project for example. The proposed method can be well calculated or estimated benefits for non-market goods of bicycle road constructions using CVM.