• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-408
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• 2012

This paper have examined the descriptive and legal approaches to the comparison and analysis of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and the primary judicial precedents that arose during the executing process of FTAs. Preferential tariff treatment shall be applied to a good satisfying the requirement of this agreement(annex, article etc.,) and which is transported directly between the territories of the exporting party and importing party. However, products may be transported through territories of non-parties, provided that they do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading, splitting-up of consignments or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition. During this period the products shall remain under customs control in the country of transit. The low perception of firms on the rules of origin was found to lead to breaking the rule and thus taking up losses. The FTA major countries enacted penalty rules against the violation of the rules of origin and bring civil and criminal suits and administrative sanctions. The types and level of penalties are subject to their domestic laws of each of those nations. With better recognition of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and well-prepared countermeasures, firms will be able to enhance competitive advantage while benefiting from preferential tariffs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.377-386
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• 2012

Crack sealing has been widely used in the pavement maintenance due to its advantage of repairing the cracks at the preliminary stages. However, it has been analyzed that the crack sealing work process is dangerous and labor intensive. Moreover, quality and productivity of crack sealing work are highly depended on labor experience and skills. Therefore, various crack sealing machines have been researched but revealed many limitations in practical application. This research analyses conventional crack sealing work process and previously developed crack sealing machines in order to develop an automated pavement crack sealing machine which can be practically and widely applied in the construction fields. This paper develops the previously proposed conceptual design by drawing detailed designs and fabricating the hardware(manipulator and end-effector) of the automated pavement crack sealing machine. The crack sealing machine suggested in this paper overcomes limitations of existing crack sealing machines and designed to meet the domestic road conditions and regulations. It is expected that automating the conventional crack sealing method contributes to the improvement of quality, economy and reduce accidents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.322-331
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to develop a convergent education contents for dementia prevention, operating on the web network applying modern information technology(IT). At the preparation stage, local and worldwide literatures related to dementia were analyzed followed by surveying industry demands, based on which the program was designed and developed. In the following enhancement stage, the program was modified as much as possible by advices obtained from experts in various fields. Development results of the present program are summarized as follows. Firstly, 645 intellect development model to prevent dementia was established through peer review and verification of convergent education theories by expert groups. This model was named as "Garisani" meaning "cognition capable of judging objects" in the Korean language. Secondly, 'Find a way' and 'Connect a line' modules were developed in the numeric field as well as 'Identify a letter(I, II)' modules, in the language field for web-based left brain training program. Thirdly, 'Find my car' and 'Vision training' modules in the attention field and 'Object inference' and 'Compare pictures' modules in the cognition field were developed for web-based right brain training program. Fourth, 'Pentomino' and 'BQmaze'(Brain Quotient and maze) modules in the space perception field and 'Visual training' in the memory field were developed for web-based left and right brains training. Fifth, all results were integrated leading to a 52 week Garisani convergent education program for dementia prevention.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-69
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• 2019

This thesis aims to reveal the meanings of SF as a genre in Korea. Most of the studies on the characteristics of SF novels in Korea have revealed the meanings of characteristic elements of SF, or peripherally reviewed the characteristics of works. However, these methodologies have a limitation, such as analysis through the existing methodologies, while overlooking the identity of SF texts with the characteristics as a genre. To clearly define the value of texts in the SF genre, an understanding of the customs and codes of the genre is first needed. Thus, this thesis aims to generally handle matters like the historical context in which Korean SF was accepted by Korean society, and the meanings and characteristics when they were created and built up relationships with readers. In addition to fully investigating SF as a popular narrative & genre narrative that has not been fully handled by academic discourses, this thesis aims to practically reconsider the present/future possibilities of SF, which is currently being reconsidered given that the scientific imagination is regarded as important in the 21^st century. This thesis considers the basic signification of Korean SF texts in academic discourses. Through this work, numerous Korean SF that have not been fully handled in the area of literature and cultural phenomena will be evaluated for their significance within the academic discourses, and also reviewed through diverse research afterwards. As a result, this work will be helpful for the development of discourse and the expansion of the Korean narrative area that has been diversely changed since the 21^st century.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2023

Korean society has experienced so-called 'societal crisis' in many aspects of society for a couple of decades and those crises include both natural disasters and tragic catastrophes. Given that, this study purports to investigate, first of all, what is the definition of crisis in general and societal crisis in specific. Next question is what are the major types of societal crises and what are the indicators for those crises. As a result, many areas of societal crisis and corresponding indicators in each area will be introduced. Finally, this study tries to establish a new definition of societal crises based upon a more sociological, more specifically a more phenomenological point of view. For these research purpose, in-depth review for previous research on the subject will be done including psychological and sociological materials. Final outcome of this study will be a new and experimental definition of societal crisis, which will provide the principle base for actual numeric indicators of societal crisis in both macro and micro level.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-65
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• 2012

Der neue strukturelle Ansatz der Kommbination eines Rahmen$\ddot{u}$bereinkommens und eines ausr$\ddot{u}$stungsspezifischen Sonderprotokolls bedingt einen neuen organisatorischen Anstz f$\ddot{u}$r die Zusammenarbeit zwischen internationalen Organisationen bei der Schaffung von internationalem Einheitsprivatrecht. So haben hier zwei internationale Organisationen gemeinsam die Verantwortung f$\ddot{u}$r einmultilaterales $\ddot{U}$bereinkommen $\ddot{u}$bernommen: auf der einen Seite UNIDROIT als die internationale Organisation, die generell f$\ddot{u}$r die Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts kompetent ist; auf der anderen Seite ICAO als die f$\ddot{u}$r die private Luftfahrt zust$\ddot{a}$ndige internationale Organisation. Dieses neue, f$\ddot{u}$r die Luftfahrzeugausr$\ddot{u}$stung praktizierte organisatorische Modell eines joint venture zweier internationaler Organisation bei der Einheitsrechtsetzung, namlich die Betreuung eines allgemeinen privatrechtsvereinheitlichenden Rahmens$\ddot{u}$bereinkommens durch UNIDROIT und die Wahrnehmung der sektorspezifischen Belange in einem ausr$\ddot{u}$stungsspesifischen Sonderprotokoll durch die jeweils zust$\ddot{a}$ndige internationale Spezialorganisation, hat bereits f$\ddot{u}$r die Sektoren der Eisenbahn- und Weltraumausrustung Schule gemacht. Das in Kapstadt beschlossene v$\ddot{o}$lkervertragliche Regelungswerk hat erstmals ein einheitsrechtliches - grunds$\ddot{a}$atzlich weltweite Geltung anstrebendes - Sicherungsrecht geschafen. Dies kann f$\ddot{u}$r die Sachenrechtsintergration einen $\ddot{a}$hnlichen Durchbruch bedeuten, wis das Wiener UN-kaufrechts$\ddot{u}$bereinkommen von 1980 f$\ddot{u}$r das Schuldvertragsrecht. Voraussetzung daf$\ddot{u}$r ist allerdings die juristische Qualit$\ddot{a}$t und Praxisgerechtigkeit des Regelungswerkes und - insbesondere - das Funktionieren des Registersystems. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung f$\ddot{u}$r den Erfolg des $\ddot{U}$bereinkkommens wird auchsein, ob es Rechtssicherheit zu gew$\ddot{a}$hrleisten vermag.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.56
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• pp.47-80
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• 2018

The traditional laws of Korea have undergone various stages of development over time. This includes the voluntary standards of the clean society. Korea's traditional legal systems, ranging from those of the Goryeo(高麗) to those of the Republic of Korea, have taken Confucian Phiosophy as their major ideological bases. At the center of these Confucian ideals, particularly in regards to pre-Qin Confucian Philosophy(先秦儒家思想) from where these ideals originated, lie the core ideals which emphasize the responsibility of each individual regardless of the social status(正名), the needs for a democracy in which people are empower and guide the state(民本), the importance of reigning with benevolence, moral excellence, and rite (仁義), and the differential love centered on kinship and humanity(親親愛人). These were the ideas as set forth by Confucius(孔子), Mencius(孟子) and Xun Zi(荀子). The current laws of Korea, especially in regards to the Constitution and the Civil and Criminal Laws, include a number of provisions that contain the Confucian Ideas of Law. The Constitution, in particular, which is also supported by the judgement of the Constitution Court, reflects several core Confucian ideals including filial duty (孝) and respect for ascendants and the traditional culture. The Court also suggested the two important standards of the constitutional legitimacy of the Traditional Culture. One is 'Age Compatibility (時代 適合性)', the other is 'Manifested Universally Validity(現在的 普遍妥當性)'. So we have burdened with the reestablishment of the Universal Ethics of the Confucian Ideology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

The airborne LiDAR which was introduced in the early 2000's provides the point data. The new methods for the verification of LiDAR materials with high accuracy which is different from the existing airborne survey are needed. In accordance with the rules of airborne laser survey which were enacted in 2009, the verifications by three methods of Unmeasured Rate and point accuracy, point density have been executed, and Unmeasured Rate is to evaluate the rate for the presence of points within uniform grids except non-reflective areas such as watershed areas. For the calculation of Unmeasured Rate, non-reflective areas should be removed by all means, and in case of normal LiDAR materials, as there are scant points for watershed areas, watershed areas should be divided by additional spatial information. So, in this study, the watershed areas were extracted using domain extension technique from the high resolution CIR images of 0.3m grade. In addition, in order to compare the accuracy of Unmeasured Rate calculated, the comparative analysis of the Unmeasured Rate calculated by digital maps has been done. In conclusion, we found that 1I1e accuracy of Unmeasured Rate extracted by domain extension technique is similar to the value extracted by digitizing technique.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

This study was conducted to review Waste Transfer Stations(WTSs) in Seoul, especially focusing on three aspects, main roles, neighbor friendly and regulation compliance, and to draw out recommendation for improvement. The 46 units of all 65 WTSs treated large amount of waste on a day shipping-out schedule, the other 19 WTSs treated small amounts of wastes which were transported after 3~30 days stock. About 57% of WTSs are located in residential or commercial area. Other 57% of WTSs were open without walls. 79% of WTSs were placed alone. Just 17% of WTSs were permitted as environmental infrastructures by urban planning law, and 31% of WTSs were operated by private waste haulers who were permitted by waste management law. Most WTSs in Seoul seemed to go well with on-going policy demand, such as regionalizing waste treatment facilities, expanding waste recycling, and so on. However lots of WTSs did not implement sufficient environmental protection measures, and partly not compliant with regulations related to urban infrastructures. In the future, the issue on sealing facilities and integrating functions of waste management facilities could be considered in order to fit in urban environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.27-40
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• 2015

Live cinema theatre is the latest installment of multimedia show where the filming of the performance of dramatic texts becomes the live stage event. Here, the actors perform before the camera and all the audio-visual effects are produced and constructed live. Mediated through the camera and projection screen, the stage image becomes a real-time production situation where all the scenes are put together right in front of a live audience. The very concept of live cinema as dramatic theatre has been developed by English stage director Katie Mitchell who attempts to present the stage as a cohesive representation system; this is more than a provisional experimentation where the ever-changing notion of in-betweenness is constantly tested. It is rather a predetermined operational system where the relationship between cinema and theatre is governed by the logic of synchrony, therefore maintain their own individual institutional reality. Here, the presence of camera has an effect not only on the organization of stage but also an affect on how human body exists within the situation.