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Effects of Electric Stimulation Conditions on In Vitro Fusion and Developmental Rates of Nuclear Transplanted Porcine Embryos (전기적 융합조건이 돼지 핵이식 수정란의 융합 및 체외발달에 미치는 영향)

  • 박준규;박희성
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of procine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer, The porcine ear cell was cultured in vifro for confluency in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199+0.5% FBS) for cell confluency. The zona pellucida of IVM oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After electric fusion, the embryos were activated and cultured in NCSU-23 medium containing 10% FBS at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 6 to 8 days. Nuclear transferred(NT) oocytes which fused at a field strength of 1.90kv/cm showed a higher (P<0.05) fusion rate(49.5%, 50/101) compared to 2.10 kv/cm(25.8%, 24/93) or 2.50kv/cm(30.3%, 27/89). After electric activation, the cleavage rate of NT embryos was 48.0(24/50), 66.6(16/24) and 70.3% (19/27), respectively and these were not different. There was no significant difference in fusion rate by duration and pulse of electric stimulation. In cleavage rate, however, more NT embryos(76.3%, 45/59) cleaved at 60 $\mu$sec twice than other embryos(49.1 to 56.5%) with different conditions of electric stimulation(P<0.05). NT embryos activated at a field strength of 1.50kv/cm showed a higher developmental rate(9.8%, 5/51) than those embryos activated at 1.25kv/cm(0%) or parthenotes(6.4%, 7/109). These results suggest that some factors such as field strength, duration and pulse of electric stimulation could be affected to in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted porcine embryos.

Studies on the Performance of Korean Native Chickens I. Effect of Various Feeding Systems on Performance of Korean Native Chickens (한국재래닭의 능력에 관한 연구 I. 서로 다른 사료 급여가 한국재래닭의 능력에 미치는 영향)

  • 김상호;이상진;강보석;최철환;장병귀;오봉국
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.169-175
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    • 1998
  • A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate optimum feeding system to Korean Native Chicken (KNC) with various feeding programs for 64 weeks. Eight hundreds and ten KNC'one day birds were assigned to three feeding systems, NRC(T1), Japanese Feeding Standard(T2), Korean Feeding Standard(T3). Each treatment had three replicates of 90 birds a replicate. Data were obtained growing performance to 20 week of age and laying performance from twenty one to sixty four week. Viability to 20 week of age was similar to treatments. Growth characteristics by feeding systems were not significantly difference on body weight, feed intake and 50% egg production days. However, body weight was less about 100g in T2. There were no different on egg production, egg weight, and egg mass during laying period. Feed intake of T1 was 104g daily and showed lower than other treatments, but was not different significantly. Feed conversion was significantly improved in T2(P <0.05) compared to other treatments(P<0.05). Egg production of all treatments was the highest between 27 to 30 week of age. ME intake of T1 was significantly maximized, whereas CP intake was the lowest of all treatments(P < 0.05). Nutrient requirements for egg mass tended to depend on nutrients intake. Interior egg and eggshell characteristics were not different among treatments except yolk color. Fertility and hatchability were similar to treatments, and the results at 39 week of age were higher than at 62 week in all treatments. In conclusion, treatments fed three or four phase feeding would be superior to other treatments during the growing period and suggest 2,800 ㎉/kg ME, 15% CP for Korean native laying hen.

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Estimation of Breeding Values for Economic Traits in Korean Native Chicken (한국재래닭의 경제 형질에 대한 육종가 추정)

  • Sang B. D.;Choi C. H.;Kim H. K.;Kim S. D.;Jang B. G.;Na J. C.;Yu D. J.;Lee S. J.;Sang B. C.;Lee J. H.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.231-237
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the breeding values for economic traits in Korean native chicken on the basis of 11,583 birds of record along 7 generations collected from 1995 to 2001 at National Livestock Research Institute, Korea. The results obtained are summarized as follows : The breeding value estimates of the body weights at 150 and 270 days in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $-16.563\~0.474\;and\;-18.836\~21.700,\;-14.714\~9.272\;and\;-23.025\~11.297,\; -25.186\~12.953\;and\;-28.368\~18.156,\;-15.549\~6.329\;and\;-18.264\~4.963,\;-10.708\~20.284\; and\;-25.112\~10.132g$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the ages at first egg in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $-1.236\~0.047,\;-1.509\~0.298,\;-1.362\~0.114,\;-1.436\~0.199\;and\;-1.385\~0.718$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the egg weight at first egg and at 270 days were $-0.105\~0.075\;and\;-0.120\~0.398,\;-0.109\~0.042\;and\;-0.205\~0.173,\;-0.166\~0.084\;and\;-0.256\~0.091,\;-0.119\~0.066\;and\;-0.051\~0.132,\;-0.112\~0.027\;and\;-0.070\~0.101g$, respectively. The breeding value estimates of the egg Production to 270 days in Dark Brown, Light Brown, Gray Brown, Black and White strains were $0.298\~l.807,\;-0.049\~l.146,\;-0.396\~l.125,\;-1.206\~l.173\;and\;-0.474\~2.641$, respectively.

Efficacy of 2 mm Videothoracoscopic Examination and Application of Fibrin Glue in Bullectomy of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (원발성 자연기흉 환자에서 2mm 흉강경 검사와 기포절제술 후 Fibrin Glue 도포의 효용성)

  • 이덕헌;금동윤;박창권
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.438-443
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    • 2004
  • Background : The treatment strategy for urinary spontaneous pneumothorax has progressively changed with the introduction of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Recently, we modified the strategy of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. If the patient had mild dyspnea and the lung was minimally collapsed, 2 mm thoracoscopic examination was performed. If no blob or bullae was inspected, the intrathoracic air was evacuated through the 2 mm thoracoscopic troca without closed thoracostomy, and if the blob and bullae was noted, the 10 mm thoracoscopic bullecotomy was carried out immediately and also application of fibrin glue was substituted for pleural abrasion. We compared the clinical outcomes of modified treatment strategy with conventional strategy in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Patients were divided into four groups. Group I (n=21) underwent 2 mm thoracoscopic examination. Group II (n=68) underwent closed thoracostomy. Group III (n=56) underwent VATS and application of fibrin glue. Group IV (n=87) underwent VATS and pleural abrasion. The duration of chest tube drainage, the duration of hospitalization and the recurrence rate were compared between group I and group II and between group III and group IV. Result: Mean age, sex, location of pneumothorax were not different in all groups. In group I, the blob or bullae were existed in 12 patients, In remaining 9 patients, the bleb or bullae was not inspected. The mean duration of hospitalization in 9 patients were 2.4 $\pm$1.0 day and in group II were 3.9$\pm$2.1 day (p=0.014). There was 1 case of recurrence among the 9 patients in group I and 26 recurrences in group II (p=0.149). The mean duration of chest tube drainage were not difference in group III and IV (group III: 2.8$\pm$1.8 day, group IV: 3.0$\pm$2.5 day). The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in group III than group IV (group III: 5,6$\pm$2.7 day, group IV: 1.3$\pm$3.3 day)(p=0.002). There was no recurrence in group III and 7 recurrences in group IV (p=0.043). Conclusion: Our modified treatment strategy of primary spontaneous peumothorax was effective in short hospital course and low recurrence rate.

Arterial and Venous Blood Gas, Electrolytes, Biochemical and Hematological Values in Healthy Korean Native Calves (건강한 한우 송아지의 동맥과 정맥 혈액의 혈액가스, 전해질, 생화학 및 혈액학적 측정치)

  • Lee, Sung-hwan;Ok, Seung-hoon;Kwon, Hyeok-ho;Kim, Doo
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.499-503
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to investigate arterial and venous blood gas, electrolytes, biochemical, and hematological values in healthy Korean native calves (KNC). The healthy 62 KNC within 3 weeks-old were examined. The arterial blood was collected from caudal auricular artery and the venous blood from jugular vein. The blood samples were analyzed immediately using a portable blood gas analyzer. The pH, $pO_2$, $pCO_2$, $cHCO_3{^-}$, BE, $cSO_2$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, anion gap potassium (AgapK), Hct, cHgb, glucose, lactate and creatinine were determined. The normal values for blood gas, electrolytes, biochemical, and hematological variables determined in this study agree with other published values for normal calves. The mean concentration of glucose and lactate within 3 weeks old of KNC is higher than those of adult cattle. The blood values according to weeks of age within 3 weeks-old of arterial and venous blood variables were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Glucose (r = 0.927) had the strongest correlations between arterial and venous values. The correlation between the values of the arterial and the venous blood was strong in creatinine (r = 0.925), lactate (r = 0.815), $Ca^{2+}$ (r = 0.806), Hct (r = 0.799), $Na^+$ (r = 0.790), cHgb (r = 0.786), base excess (r = 0.749), pH (r = 0.710), $HCO_3{^-}$ (r = 0.710), and $cTCO_2$ (0.663). Analysis of blood samples in a field condition, using hand-held analyzer is rapid and useful in bovine practice.

Factors for Delayed Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Children (소아 급성 충수돌기염 진단에 지연을 일으키는 요인에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Myung-Ki;Kim, Kyoung-Soo;Park, Yu-In;Kim, Jeong-Ho;Lee, Jung-Joo;Kim, Bong-Seong;Kang, Hye-Young
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.158-165
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: We designed this retrospective study to establish the incidence of diagnosic delay in children diagnosed with acute appendicitis and to identify associated factors with delayed diagnosis and its impact on the clinical course. Methods: All cases of children under 15 years of age who underwent appendectomy from 1996 to 2001 at Gangneung Asan Hospital were reviewed. We reviewed signs and symptoms, type of health professional first contacted, the advice given by the health professional and a history of appendicitis in first degree relatives. Diagnostic period is the time elapsed between first complaints and definitive diagnosis. Delay was defined as diagnostic period exceeded the 48 hours. Postoperative course and complications were also reviewed. Results: Incidence of diagnostic delay differed by whether diarrhea and fecalith on X-ray were present. Also children whose parents were advised to observe them at home were more likely to have a diagnostic delay. In almost half of the cases in delayed group, initial diagnosis was not acute appendicitis but gastroenteritis. The perforation rate in non-delayed group was 22%, whereas 87% in delayed group. The delayed group showed a higher number of postoperative complication and a longer hospitalization period. Conclusions: Diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever in children should not be dismissed as gastroenteritis, respiratory infections or other common disorders. Our study suggests that physicians have a responsibility to prevent diagnostic delay and resultant perforation of acute appendicitis in children by having a high index of suspicion about acute appendicitis.

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The Aspects of Type-Combination of 'Otter Legend' in 『the Joseon tale』 and recognition of the Qing Dynasty and the Joseon Dynasty (가린-미하일로프스키의 『조선설화』에 나타난 '수달 전설'의 결합 양상과 청에 대한 인식)

  • Ha, Eun-ha
    • Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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    • no.37
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    • pp.253-281
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the meaning of of "Nikolai Garin - Mikhailovsky's the "Joseon tale". talks about the origins of the Joseon Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. In this paper, we revealed the features of the form of "Otter Legend". And analyzed the confrontation between Nurhachi's family and Yi Seong-gye's family shown in the story. The result is as follows. is complex tale. The start of is 'the typr of Yaraeja'. Next is the story of Myoung-Dang. Myoung-Dang is deep in the water. also has anecdotes of Jeong, Chung-shin. rearranged at least three stories or more. transformed each type of stories, communing the different patterns of stories with different logic. The basic logic of the transformation was to maximize the confrontation between the NuruhachI and Yi Seong-gye clans, the origins of Manchuria and the Chosun Dynasty. As a result, the sacredness of Nurhachi's Family, the origin of the Qing Dynasty, was expanded. On the other hand, Yi Seong-gye s Family was less extraordinary than Nurhachi's Family. Also, the ability of the person is also inferior. This is not the yearning for the Qing Dynasty. This is because the Qing Dynasty and the Joseon have the same pedigree. shows that the Qing Dynasty's experiences should be shared since the Qing Dynasty was born of another clan of Joseon. This is a new perception of Qing Dynasty. This is similar to the interpretation that dragged the Qing Dynasty's history into the Joseon's ethnographic historical point of view.

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Sintering Temperature on the Experiment of Physical Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrite (Ni-Zn Ferrite의 조성성분 및 소결온도에 따른 물리적 특성의 실험적 연구)

  • Koh, Jae-Gui
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 2006
  • The basic composition of Ni-Zn ferrite was $(Ni_{0.35}Cu_{0.2}Zn_{0.45})_{1.02}(Fe_2O_3)_{0.98}$ (group A) and $(Ni_{0.4}Cu_{0.2}Zn_{0.4})_{1.02}(Fe_2O_3)_{0.98}$(group B) with additional 0.1 mol% $CaCO_3$ and 0.03 mol% $V_2O_5$. For high permeability and acceleration of grain growth, $CaCO_3$ and $V_2O_5$ was added. The mixture of the law materials was calcinated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and then milled. The compacts of toroidal type were sintered at different temperature ($1,050^{\circ}C,\;1,070^{\circ}C,\;1,100^{\circ}C$) for 2 hours in air followed by an air cooling. Then, effects of various composition and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and physical properties such as density, resistivity, magnetic induction, coercive force, initial permeability, quality factor, and curie temperature of the Ni-Zn ferrite were investigated. The density of the Ni-Zn ferrite was $4.90{\sim}5.10g/cm^3$, resistivity revealed $10^8{\sim}10^{12}{\Omega}-cm$. The average grain size increased with the increase of sintering temperatures. The magnetic properties obtained from the aforementioned Ni-Zn ferrite specimens were 4,000 gauss for the maximum induction, 0.25 oersted for the coercive force, 2,997 for the initial permeability, 208 for the quality factor, and $202^{\circ}C$ for the curie temperature. The physical properties indicated that the specimens could be utilized as the core of microwave communication and high permeability deflection yoke of high permeability.

Physicochemical Comparison of Two Different Shark Meats Used for Preparation of Dombaeki (돔배기용 상어육의 이화학적 성분 비교)

  • Kim, Eun-Ok;Yu, Myeong-Hwa;Lee, Ki-Teak;Kim, Seon-Bong;Choi, Sang-Won
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.711-718
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    • 2008
  • Dombaeki, a traditional salted shark meat, has been widely used as a customary religious food in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area of Korea. Two different sharks, Sphyrna zygaena (SZ) and Isurus oxyrinchus (IO) are traditionally used to prepare Dombaeki. Chemical components, lipid classes, fatty acid levels, and sterol compositions of meats prepared from the two sharks were investigated. There were no significant differences in chemical composition between the two dried shark meats. Major amino acids in shark meat were leucine, lysine, arginine, proline, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and asparagine, which together accounted for about 40% of total amino acids. Levels of amino acids in IO meat were higher than in SZ meat. Major fatty acids in the two shark meats were palmitic ($C_{16:0}$), stearic ($C_{18:0}$), oleic ($C_{18:1}$), arachidonic ($C_{20:4}$), and docosahexanoic (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) acids, which accounted for about 80% of total fatty acids. Notably, IO meat showed higher amounts of DHA (31.8%) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 1.8%) than did SZ meat. The two shark meats showed similar dry weight levels of total lipids, with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols, and phospholipidscomprising on average 5.0, 2.0, 13.0 and 63.0% of total lipids, respectively. The dominant classes of phospholipids were mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PC content in the two shark meats was higher than that of PE, although the differencewas not great. The major fatty acids in phospholipids were myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, and docosanoic acids. Total volatile basic nitrogen content and the pH of SZ meat were lower than those of IO meat, whereas the Hunter's 'a' and 'b' values of SZ meat were higher than those of IO meat. These results suggest that shark meat may be useful as a functional food to prevent several degenerative diseases.

A Study on the Determinants of Land Price in a New Town (신도시 택지개발사업지역에서 토지가격 결정요인에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Tae Yun
    • Korea Real Estate Review
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the pricing factors of residential lands in new cities by estimating the pricing model of residential lands. For this purpose, hedonic equations for each quantile of the conditional distribution of land prices were estimated using quantile regression methods and the sale price date of Jangyu New Town in Gimhae. In this study, a quantile regression method that models the relation between a set of explanatory variables and each quantile of land price was adopted. As a result, the differences in the effects of the characteristics by price quantile were confirmed. The number of years that elapsed after the completion of land construction is the quadratic effect in the model because its impact may give rise to a non-linear price pattern. Age appears to decrease the price until certain years after the construction, and increases the price afterward. In the estimation of the quantile regression, land age appears to have a statistically significant impact on land price at the traditional level, and the turning point appears to be shorter for the low quantiles than for the higher quantiles. The positive effects of the use of land for commercial and residential purposes were found to be the biggest. Land demand is preferred if there are more than two roads on the ground. In this case, the amount of sunshine will improve. It appears that the shape of a square wave is preferred to a free-looking land. This is because the square land is favorable for development. The variables of the land used for commercial and residential purposes have a greater impact on low-priced residential lands. This is because such lands tend to be mostly used for rental housing and have different characteristics from residential houses. Residential land prices have different characteristics depending on the price level, and it is necessary to consider this in the evaluation of the collateral value and the drafting of real estate policy.