• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

양북터널은 굴착과 동시에 라이닝콘크리트를 타설하였다. 터널굴착과 라이닝콘크리트의 동시시공을 위한 적정시공 Cycle을 결정하고, 이에 따른 양생기간과 양생온도를 설정하는 순으로 시험하였다. 라이닝콘크리트는 품질관리를 위해 보온장치를 탑재한 Sliding form과 양생대차를 운영하고, 균열을 최소화하기 위해 양생온도와 양생시간 및 탈형강도 등을 시험에 의해 결정하였다. 시험과정은 터널내부와 라이닝콘크리트 내부온도를 계절별로 측정하고, 양생온도별로 콘크리트의 강도를 측정하였다. 거푸집 탈형시 콘크리트 온도가 터널내부의 온도로 수렴하기까지는 $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$의 차이로 측정되었고, 거푸집 탈형을 위한 콘크리트 초기강도 4MPa을 발현하는데는 양생온도에 따라 차이가 발생하지만 시공 Cycle에 적합한 양생시간은 약 20시간이고, 이 때의 양생온도는 $23^{\circ}C$ 이상이었다. 위의 시험결과대로 현장에서 라이닝콘크리트를 양생한 결과 시공 Cycle과 압축강도 및 콘크리트면의 외관 등이 만족한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

There are many restrictions with a rock breaking method by using explosives in the urban area due to such safety problems as vibration, noise, and flying rock. Therefore, the use of FINECKER Plus which is mainly used as a rock breaking method (Ministry of Construction and Transportation, 2003) is gradually increasing. Accordingly, construction cases applying FINECKER Plus to the construction sites in the urban area was introduced in case studies. In addition, a comparative test on the same volume of charge applied to 360g of 1 new product 1 set and 180g of the existing FlNECKER Plus 2 sets was conducted. As a result of the test, the two cases were equivalent in breaking efficiency and the level of noise and vibration, and as for the method, the working time decreased by 32%, thus, it was proven to be excellent in terms of construction.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.153-166
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• 1999

Since the reliability of results by the existing analyzing method is low, in the case of for excavation performed in urban area whose stability is of great importance, construction control based on field monitoring is always necessary. But the field monitoring reflects only the behavior of construction process that has already been carried out, and it has limitations in predicting the behavior of the expected construction process, which is practically more important for construction control. In this study, construction control system for excavation which can predict the behavior of the expected processes during construction with high degree of accuracy, is developed by adopting inverse analysis. The inverse analied applied field monitoring results to excavation analysis can improve the reliability of predicted results. The developed system uses an elasto-plastic soil spring model for the excavation analysis and the minimization of least squared errors between measured displacements and calculated displacements for the inverse analysis. All the required processes for construction control can be performed as an integrated work within the system reflecting real time application and user's convenience. Their applicabilitis are confirmed by two case studies.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 2017

Underground excavation for building construction in Korea is changing from conventional support method (Strut, Ground anchor) to inside permanent support method by stability, economic, circumstances around excavation and etc. This study was selected the sites of Top-down, New Top-down, S.P.S, S.T.D and B.R.D in general use. This study was compared and analyzed a construction cost and period between aforementioned methods and conventional support method. Also, this study was confirmed the stability of temporary retaining wall by analysis for measurement data under construction. As a result, this study can grasp that most improved permanent support method is excellent in economic and constructability than conventional support method in case of deep excavation and rapid appearance of bedrock.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2021

Ground subsidence risk ratings obtained from the site investigation during pre-excavation stages could be changed depending on the parameters revealed during construction activities. A method of correcting the pre-excavation ground subsidence risk ratings based on the site conditions observed in the field is suggested in this study. The elevation of groundwater table during the excavation may be different from the predicted value depending on the application of waterproofing methods and construction conditions. The drastic drawdown of groundwater table during the excavation could cause ground subsidence due to soil volume decrease related to consolidation or compression of the ground, whereas the rising of groundwater table caused by the intense rainfall may result in a high potential for ground subsidence due to heaving or boiling of the excavation bottom. Excessive displacements of retaining walls or ground settlements may cause ground subsidence, which also results in a high risk of ground subsidence caused by the destruction of buried pipelines. Reevaluation of ground subsidence risk ratings is suggested considering the fluctuation of groundwater table, condition of groundwater leakage, measured ground displacements, and soil types. Finally, the ground subsidence risk rating system is improved for better evaluation by using 12 factors in 5 categories.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.559-575
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• 2021

Due to the increase in ground excavation work, the possibility of ground subsidence accidents is increasing. And it is very difficult to prevent these risk fundamentally through institutional reinforcement such as the special law for underground safety management. As for the various cases of urban ground excavation practice, the ground subsidence behavior characteristics which is predicted using various information before excavation showed a considerable difference that could not be ignored compared to the results real construction data. Changes in site conditions such as seasonal differences in design and construction period, changes in construction methods depending on the site conditions and long-term construction suspension due to various reasons could be considered as the main causes. As the countermeasures, the safety management system through various construction information is introduced, but there is still no suitable system which can predict the effect of excavation and risk assessment. In this study, a web-based system was developed in order to predict the degree of impact on the ground subsidence and surrounding structures in advance before ground excavation and evaluate the risk in the design and construction of urban ground excavation projects. A system was built using time series analysis technique that can predict the current and future behavior characteristics such as ground water level and settlement based on past field construction records with field monitoring data. It was presented as a geotechnical data visualization (GDV) technology for risk reduction and disaster management based on web-based system, Using this newly developed web-based assessment system, it is possible to predict ground excavation impact prediction and risk assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2022

The room-and-pillar method or grid-type underground space is a method of forming a space by excavating the excavation part at regular intervals so that it is orthogonal and using natural rock mass as a structure. Such excavation may appear different in size from the excavation stage where the maximum displacement occurs depending on the excavation direction and sequence. In this study, considering the installation of support materials such as shotcrete and rock bolts for the optimal design of the excavation process, the safety and constructability of the design and construction of the grid-type underground space under specific ground conditions were analytically reviewed. The ground conditions were set using an numerical method, and the stress at pillar and displacement at center of room were considered for each excavation stage and construction type under a constant surcharge. The height of the space was 8m, which was set higher than the size of a general office, and was reviewed in consideration of equipment and plant facilities. In addition, the degree of displacement control according to the installation of support materials was reviewed in consideration of shotcrete and rock bolts.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Recently, the consecutive shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) has gained attention for its potential to enhance TBM penetration rates. However, its development requires a thorough risk assessment due to the unconventional nature of its equipment and hydraulic systems, coupled with the absence of design or construction precedents. This study investigated the causal relationships between four accidents and eight relevant sources associated with the consecutive shield TBM. Subsequently, risk levels were determined based on expert surveys and a risk matrix technique. The findings highlighted significant impacts associated with collapses or surface settlements and the likelihood of causal combinations leading to misalignment. Specifically, this study emphasized the importance of proactive mitigation measures to address collapses or surface settlements caused by inadequate continuous tail void backfill or damaged thrust jacks. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop advanced non-destructive testing technology capable of comprehensive range detection across helical segments, to design a sequential thrust jack propulsion system, and to determine an optimal pedestal angle.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

This paper intends to develop an assesment technique for the rapid and quantitative evaluation of tunnel safety during tunnel excavation by using displacement measurements. Control criteria for the field measurements are provided at tunnel construction sites in Korea and other countries. However, it was known that the criteria were not clear and varied depending on the construction sites. In order to make a reasonable support for guidelines, critical strain concept is introduced in this study. And the engineering meanings of the critical strain concept are investigated precisely. In order to do this, at first, the engineering meanings of the original concept from the previous researchers was investigated theoretically for the evaluation of tunnel safely. Subsequently displacement data were obtained by using the commercial program, then the evaluation of tunnel safely was conducted with the view point of previous researches. Additionally, strains are determined from the feedback analyses program by inputting measured displacements that were obtained from the commercial program, then the evaluation of tunnel safety was discussed with the critical strain concept. Consequently it can be concluded that the evaluation of tunnel safety can be determined quantitatively and rapidly in the field by introducing the critical strain concept.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.53-63
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• 2011

This paper investigates the effects of tunnelling-induced ground movements on nearby structures, considering soil-structure interactions of different ground (loose sand, dense sand, soft clay, stiff clay) and construction conditions (ground loss). The response of four-story block structures, which are subjected to tunnelling-induced ground movements, has been investigated in different ground and construction conditions (ground loss) using numerical analysis. The structures for numerical analysis has been modelled using Discrete Element Method (DEM) to have real cracks when the shear and tensile stress exceed the maximum shear and tensile strength. The response of four-story block structures has been investigated with a ground movement magnitude and compared in terms of ground and construction conditions (ground loss) considering the magnitude of deformations and cracks in structures. In addition, the damage levels, which are possibly induced in structures, has been provided in terms of ground and construction conditions (ground loss) using the state of strain damage estimation criterion (Son and Cording, 2005). The results of this study will provide a background for better understandings for controlling and minimizing building damage on nearby structures due to tunnelling-induced ground movements.