• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Purpose: Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP) is a small-vessel vasculitic disease that most often affects the skin. Abdominal symptoms precede the typical purpuric rash of HSP in 14~36%. It is a challenge to diagnose HSP in the absence of a rash, because there are no biologic tests that can identify HSP with certainty, so we tried to find out the characteristic features of HSP gastroenteropathy without purpura before diagnosis. Methods: This study included 82 children with HSP who had been admitted or visited outward of the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital from 1995 to 2000. The cases that the onset of purpura preceded or coincided that of abdominal pain were defined as purpura-positive group. The cases that the onset of abdominal pain preceded purpura more than 1 week and purpura was not presented till diagnosed as HSP gastroenteropathy were defined as purpura-negative group. We compared and analyzed the clinical features of the two groups by reviewing the medical records retrospectively. To ensure the diagnosis of HSP gastroenteropathy, we conducted upper GI series, abdominal ultrasonogram, abdominal CT, endoscopy and/or skin biopsy. Results: The number of cases of purpura-positive group and purpura-negative group were 72 and 10, respectively. There is no difference between two groups in the incidence of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Children with HSP gastroenteropathy had characteristic erosive or ulcerative lesions in the stomach or duodenum on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or mural thickening of the small bowel on abdominal ultrasonogram, CT or upper GI series. Skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis in 3 of them, although biopsy specimen was taken from any areas of normal- appearing skin. In purpura-negative group, 9 patients improved by steroid therapy. Conclusion: In purpura-negative group, there is no diagnostic feature on the laboratory findings and clinical features. Therefore, to diagnose HSP gastroenteropathy in patients with abdominal pain in the absence of the characteristic rash, careful observation of clinical features and laboratory data, and prompt application of available diagnostic tools such as gastrointestinal endoscopy, radiologic study and skin biopsy are recommended. Early use of corticosteroid may reduce the suffering in these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.225-229
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• 2002

The quality characteristics of sulgidduk, a steamed rice cake, with chlorellaa sulgidduk) were evaluated. Chlorella sulgidduk was prepared in the different ratio of chlorella powder (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1%, w/w) and water content (15 or 20%, w/w). In mechanical texture characteristics, hardness, gumminess and brittleness were higher in 15% water content chlorella sulgidduk and lower in 20% water content chlorella sulgidduk than in the absence of chlorella (the control sulgidduk), wherease 20% water content chlorella sulgidduk and a significantly higher adhesiveness and cohesiveness values (p<0.05) compared with control 24 hours storage at $25^{\circ}C$, the good texture characteristics were maintained in 20% water content chlorella sulgidduk. In sensory evaluation, the most favorite quality characteristics were shown in the sulgidduk with 0.2 and 0.5% chlorella powder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.228-235
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• 2001

먼저 한국의 친환경농업과 유기농업이 놀라울 정도로 발전한데 대해 커다란 존경을 표한다. 특히 한국 유기농업의 본산지라고 할 수 있는 양평에서 이번 학회가 개최된 것은 큰 의미가 있다. 양평군이 이처럼 친환경농업을 발전시킬 수 있었던 것은 도시의 소비자들과 농민들이 서로 협력하여 이루어진 결과라고 들고 있다. 일본의 농민들과 소비자들은 한국의 경험으로부터 많은 것을 배울 수 있으리라 믿는다. 한일 양국은 많은 면에서 공통점을 지니고 있기 때문에 친환경농업과 유기농업 발전을 위해 우리의 지식과 경험을 서로 교환하고 싶다. 나는 이 논문에서 일본이 유기농업과 친환경농업을 어떻게 발전시켜왔으며 공식적인 유기규격을 제정하기 위하여 어떻게 노력하고 있는지를 소개하고자 한다. 그리고 앞으로 유기농업과 친환경농업 발전을 위하여 어떠한 노력이 필요한지 같이 생각해보는 시간을 갖고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.12.2-12
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• 1987

만성 상악동염은 동점막의 복잡한 변화를 일으키고, 만성증으로 지속되는 비분비물 및 비점막의 염증이 이관에 파급되어 중이에 영향을 미치며 그 치유경과를 늦추게 한다. 저자는 만성 상악동염에서 동점막의 비후정도가 이관 및 중이에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자, 1986년 1월부터 3월까지 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속병원 이비인후과에 비폐색 및 비루를 주소로하여 내원한 환자중 만성 상악동염으로 진단된 16세 이상의 성인 환자를 대상으로 검사하였다. 동점막 비후정도에 따라 비정상군을 경도(2~3mm), 중등도(4mm이상), 고도(상악동 전체혼탁) 3군으로나누어 각각 40예를 조사군으로 하고 동점막의 두께가 0~1mm인 경우를 정상대조군으로 하여 40예를 GSI 28 AUTO TYMP를 사용하여 screening audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex threshold (ipsilateral and contralateral)를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 남녀의 비는 1 : 2.6이고 21세에서 30세군이 53예(33.0%)로 가장 많았다. 2) 증상발현기간은 6개월 이내가 42.5%로 가장 많았다. 3) Tympanogram의 분포에서 비정상적 type으로 나오는 비율이 정상군과 비정상군중에서 경도군이 각각 22.5%이었고 중등도군이 30.0%, 고도군이 50.0% 순이었다. 4) 등골근반사역치는 정상군과 비정상군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 5) 등골근무반사율 역시 정상군과 비정상군 사이에 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2007

Purpose : It is well known that suspension microlaryngeal surgery produces marked increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 10% lidocaine preoperatively sprayed for attenuation of the perioperative hemodynamic response during suspension microlaryngeal surgery. Materials and Methods : Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 1 patients scheduled for excision of a vocal polyp by suspension laryngoscopy were randomly divided into two groups (n=25 for each group). They were intubated without 10% lidocaine spray (control group) or given 1.5 mg/kg of 10% lidocaine sprayed onto the pharyngolaryngeal and intratracheal sites 90 sec prior to intubation (10% lidocaine group). Anesthesia was maintained using desflurane in $O_2/N_2O$ 50%. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured at preinduction (T0), 1 min (T1), 3 min (T2), 5 min (T3) after tracheal intubation, and 1 min (T4), 3 min (T5), 5 min (T6) and 10 min (T7) after the suspension laryngoscopy. Results : In the 10% lidocaine group, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate at 1 (T1), 3 (T2) min after tracheal intubation and 1 (T4), and 3 (T5) min after suspension laryngoscopy were lower than the same measurements in the control group. Conclusion : 10% lidocaine sprayed onto the pharyngolaryngeal and intratracheal sites before intubation was an effective method for attenuation of the perioperative hemodynamic response during suspension microlaryngeal surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2004

Background: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) can detect microembolic signals (MES) in the patients with a potential embolic source. Clinical significance of MES has not been demonstrated in patients with prosthetic mechanical heart valves. We studied the correlation between cerebral thromboemoblic events after the mechanical heart valve surgery (MHVS) and residual MES during TCD monitoring with 100% oxygen inhalation in patients with mechanical heart valves. Material and Method: Twenty patients with previous cerebral thromboemoblic events after MHVS and a sex- and age-matched control group (n=30) were studied. TCD monitoring was performed from unilateral middle cerebral artery. After baseline monitoring for 20 minutes, 61 of oxygen was inspired for 40 minutes. Result: The site of valve and the duration after MHVS of the patients did not differ from those of controls. During baseline monitoring, there was no significant difference in MES prevalence or counts compared to controls. During oxygen inhalation, patients showed a higher MES prevalence (55%, 27.6%, p=0.045) and a more frequent MES counts (p=0.027) compared to controls. Conclusion: TCD monitoring with oxygen inhalation may be useful to differentiate clinically significant MES in patients with mechanical heart valve.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2006

Purpose: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a very useful procedure in diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases. However, there can be some difficulty in performing this procedure in children due to the associated discomfort. Recently, sedative agents such as midazolam have been introduced to alleviate this problem quite successfully. In our study, we attempted to confirm the safety and efficacy of midazolam use by monitoring the vital signs of children undergoing endoscopy. Methods: We analyzed data on 244 children who received EGD in the department of pediatrics at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University between August 2003 and July 2005. We evaluated $O_2$ saturation, heart rate and change of mental status before and during the procedure and analyzed the results using the SPSS 12.0 package (Chi-square test, cross table method, etc.). Results: There was no significant difference in vital signs measured before and during EGD between midazolam treated and non treated children. There was no significant relationship between the amount of midazolam given and $O_2$ saturation or a change of mental status. Regarding the $O_2$ saturation, it was decreased during EGD in both groups with p<0.01 though no difference was noted between the groups; the $O_2$ level was maintained above 95% in all patients. The heart rate was also increased during EGD in both groups with a p<0.01; however, no significant difference was noted between the groups. Conclusion: We confirmed the safety of low dose midazolam by evaluating the vital signs of children during endoscopies. However, the doses used were not sufficient for sedation or to obtain an amnestic effect.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and vascular plants on Joryeongsan Mountain in Baekdudaegan, Korea. The results of four field surveys from April to September 2023 identified a total of 552 taxa, representing 491 species, ten subspecies, 43 varieties, six forms, and two hybrids in 314 genera and 101 families. The elevational distribution ranges of 360 taxa of vascular plants were also identified. Among them, 19 taxa were endemic to Korea, and two taxa were rare plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 100 taxa, specifically two taxa of grade V, seven taxa of grade IV, 25 taxa of grade III, 33 taxa of grade II, and 33 taxa of grade I. Seventy-eight taxa were northern lineage plants. In all, 29 taxa of alien plants were recorded in the investigated area, with a naturalized index of 5.3% and an urbanization index of 7.4%. Two plants disturbed the ecosystem. Species richness along the elevation showed a reversed double-hump shape with peaks at low, mid, and high elevations. The results of a cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity between adjacent elevation sections, except in lowlands. Detrended Correspondence Analysis ordination also supported distinct groups by elevation. Warmth index values ranged from 62.1℃·month to 92.9℃·month on Joryeongsan Mountain. Our results provide primary data on vascular plants and valuable information on the current distribution ranges of plant species on Joryeongsan Mountain. These data could serve as a baseline for comparing species shifts at elevations under future climate changes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.459-470
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• 2006

This study was carried out objectively to analyze the distributing flora for the conservation of natural environment and to construct the database in Mt. Joryeong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. The period of survey was from November, 2004 to September, 2005, and the routes were A (Recreation $forest{\sim}Shinseon-bong$), B $(Shinseon-bong{\sim}Mapae-bong)$, C(Joryeong 3rd $gateway{\sim}Mapae-bong$), and D $(Yongseong-gol{\sim}Gitdae-bong)$. The vascular plants were summarized as 341 taxa; 85 families, 219 genera, 299 species, 36 varieties, and 6 forma. The rare and endangered plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa; Paeonia japonica, Viola albida, and Rhododendron micranthum. The Korean endemic plants were 9 taxa; Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Salix caprea, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, $Lespedeza{\times}tomentella$, Vaccinium koreanum, Salvia chanroenica, Weigela subsessilis, and Cirsium setidens. And in the results of survey on resource plants, we confirmed 171 taxa of ornamental plants (50.1%), 222 taxa of edible plants (65.1%), 237 taxa of medicinal plants (69.5%) and 146 taxa of other useful plants (42.8%).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is gaining wider acceptance for the treatment of early gastric cancer. However, firm evidence supporting the long-term outcome after LADG for gastric cancer is unknown. This study compared long-term quality of life after LADG versus an open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for early gastric cancer. Methods: This study included 29 patients who underwent LADG and 57 patients who underwent ODG for the treatment of stage I gastric cancer. Quality of life was evaluated based on the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) and EORTC QLQ-STO22 one year after surgery. All patients underwent a Billroth II gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between January 2003 and December 2004. Results: A total of 86 (58%) out of 154 patients responded to the questionnaire. Demographic features showed no difference between the two groups of patients for age, sex, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis except for tumor size and the number of retrieved lymph nodes. The mean score for global health status was not statistically different (LADG, $60.3{\pm}20.4$ vs ODG, $57{\pm}20.6$; P=0.413). The total score of 21 items related to stomach cancer (EORTC QLQ-STO22) also was not statistically different (LADG, $68.9{\pm}64.9$ vs ODG, $94.5{\pm}97.3$; P=0.340). Conclusion: Based on the results of the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C 30 (version 3.0) and EORTC. QLQ-STO22, LADG does not seem to have any long-term benefit over ODG on 'quality of life'.