• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-345
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• 2009

Carpinus laxiflora communities are known as the climax forest community of the temperate zone of Korea. There are three Carpinus laxiflora communities in Seoul. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of Carpinus laxiflora communities of Seoul and supply basic data for establishing of a management plan. The research sites are Sahmyook University, Mountain Dobong and Jinkwandong. This study considers investigation and the analysis of communities structure, soil characteristics and the growth increment of trees. As the result of study, we could know that the growth increment of the Carpinus laxiflora trees of Seoul is decreasing recently because of soil acidification and so on. Also the vegetation disturbance is increasing because of naturalized plant. Oak wilt disease has appeared in the oak forest around Sahmyook University that is the largest Carpinus laxiflora communities area in Seoul. For that reason the open gap was appeared in forest, and the spread of naturalized plants has been increasing in the gap. Furthermore, the Carpinus laxiflora trees are affected by the Platypus koryoensis which is a kind of oak wilt disease. And so, Unless there is a specific management plan, the survival of Carpinus laxiflora communities are uncertain in Seoul. Therefore the management plan of Carpinus laxiflora communities is necessary such as precise investigation, annual monitoring, etc. For the conservation of the Carpinus laxiflora communities, it is necessary to establish the management plan of the biodiversity for Seoul area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

The species composition and seasonal patterns in marine benthic algal community at intertidal zone in Jinhae Bay were investigated seasonally throughout 2007. A total of 45 species, 6 Chlorophyta, 10 Phaeophyta, and 29 Rhodophyta, were recorded, and dominant species were Ulva pertusa, U. conglobata, Sargassum horneri, Gelidium divaricatum, Gracilaria textorii, and Polysiphonia morrowii during study periods. The number of species were differed with seasons and stations; Higher number of algal species was 42 species in winter, whereas 33 species was lower in summer. The number of algal species were higher at station 1,7,8, while the lower value was at station 2, 3 than other stations. The differences of marine benthic algal composition at each station in MDS ordination due to the physical characteristics and local topography.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 2003

Species composition, community structure and biodiversity of marine benthic community were studied in the intertidal zone of Seoam, Busan. A total of 75 species of benthic marine plants including 4 Cyanophyta, 6 Chlorophyta, 17 Phaeophyta, 47 Rhodophyta and 1 Magnoliophyta are listed. The dominant marine plants were melobesioidean algae, Chondracanthus tenellus, Sargasium thunbergii, Corallina spp., and Phyllospadix japonica and Ulva pertusa was added in summer. Chthamalus challengeri and Mytilus edulis were dominant zoobenthic species in the upper and middle intertidal zone. The algal species diversity index based on coverage was 1.81; 2.25 from frequency; 2.19 from average of total frequency and coverage, and 1.80 from importance value. The algal diversity indices estimated from different sources were quite different. This means that the index value changes depending on the sources used to calculate the species diversity index, indicating how important it is to select the based data and that it is necessary to standardize the methodology when studying later the algal diversity index. On the other hand, the number of species identified in this study has been found to be reduced by 65% at highest, compared with the result of the investigation that was conducted in the coast of Busan.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.106-113
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the community structure of macrobenthos on Angel tidal flat in Jinhae, south coast of Korea. Monthly samples were conducted at eight sites from March 1998 to February 1999. A total of 110 species were sampled with a mean density of 322ind. $m^{-2}$ and biomass of 98.4 wwt g $m^{-2}$. Of these species, there were 44 species of polychaetes $(40.0\%)$, 41 species of crustaceans $(37.3\%)$ and 16 species of molluscs $(14.5\%)$. The major density dominant species were a gastropod Batilaria cumingi (52ind. $m^{-2}$) and five polychaetes Ceratonereis erythraeensis (38ind. $m^{-2}$), Cirriformia tentaculata (32ind. $m^{-2}$), Capitella capitata (23ind. $m^{-2}$), Sigambra tentaculata (23ind. $m^{-2}$), Glycera chirori (17ind. $m^{-2}$). Cluster and MDS analysis showed that the study sites could be divided into two tidal elevation groups. According to the spatial distribution of dominant species and SIMPER analysis, the two groups were characterized by Sigambra tentaculata - Chaetozone setosa in upper species group and Ceratonereis erythraeensis-Cirriformia tentaculata-Capitella capitata in lower species group.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

In this study, basic skin characteristics data were collected by measuring skin hydration, skin melanin, skin redness, and skin torsion elasticity from Korean women in from 20's to 40's ages, and then, age and correlation analysis were conducted. This was used to create a skin index, and cluster analysis was performed to classify the groups into 4 clusters, and the skin characteristics of each cluster were confirmed. Then, two prototypes were used for two weeks to confirm the improvement effect on skin moisture, skin redness, and skin dead mass reduction, and then analyzed which product was more effective in which cluster of subjects participated in the skin characteristics test. As a result of the study, the possibility of preparing for the customized cosmetics market was confirmed by applying the skin index and cluster analysis results to product efficacy evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1418-1429
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• 2020

This study was conducted on men and women in their teens and 50s living in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do to find out the relevance between demographic characteristics of lifestyle clusters and the characteristics of beauty salon use. To analyze the data of a total of 522 people collected, statistical processing was performed with analysis of frequency, analysis of factor, analysis of reliability, analysis of cluster, analysis of variance and analysis of cross. As a result, lifestyle group types were classified as fashion and social focus types, family-oriented types, and family-free types. These types were highly related to age, final education, and marital status among demographic characteristics, and were also found to be highly relevant to the characteristics of beauty salon use, such as beauty salon location and frequently used beauty services. The results of this study are thought to be the basic data that can be used for beauty salon marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

The species composition and distributional patterns in marine benthic algae at intertidal zone in Masan Bay were investigated seasonally throughout 2007. A total of 42 species, 5 Chlorophyta 8 Phaeophyta and 29 Rhodophyta were recorded, and dominant species were Enteromorpha linza, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, G. divaricatum, Corallina pilulifera, Gracilaria textorii, and Polysiphonia morrowii during study periods. Especially the vertical distribution of dominant algal species was remarkable: U. pertusa and G. divaricatum were dominated in the upper part, E. intestinalis, E. linza, S. thunbergii and G. divaricatum were in the middle part, and U. pertusa, Undaria pinnatiffda, S. thunbergii, G. amansii, G. divaricatum and C. pilulifera mainly occurred in the low part of tidal zone. The numbers of species were different with seasons and stations; Higher number of species was 38 species in winter, whereas 28 species were the lowest in fall. The number of species was higher at stations 4 and 6 Mile the lower value was at stations 1 and 2 than other stations. The spatial distributional patterns of marine benthic algal composition at each station in dendrogram and MDS ordination were due to the differences of local topography and physical characteristics such as currents and water movements.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.381-393
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• 2002

K-modes algorithm and ROCK(RObust Clustering using linKs) algorithm we useful clustering methods for large categorical data. In the paper, we investigate these algorithms and propose improved algorithms of them to correct their weakness. A simulation study shows that the proposed algorithms could increase the performance of data clustering.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 명선봉(1.586m)에서 덕평봉(1.521m)에 이르는 아고산지대를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 한국특산종 구상나무의 생육현황과 구상나무가 분포하는 천연림의 군집구조를 정확히 파악하여 앞으로 구상나무 관리의 기초자료를 마련하고자 구상나무가 생육하고 있는 지역에 26개의 방형구(20m$\times$20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다 분석한 결과 조사대상지는 신갈나무-구상나무 군집이었다 수종간의 상관관계에서는 뽕잎피 나무와 철쭉 마가목과 산벚나무, 층층나무와 시닥나무 등의 종들간에는 높은 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고 신갈나무와 쇠물푸레나무 잣나무와 노린재나무 등의 수종들간에 높은 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다 본 조사지의종다양도는 1.0572-1.0931로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. 구상나무의 활력은 저조한 것으로 나타났으며 8.32%가 고사목이었다 구상나무의 생육현황표에 의한 점수 평균은 9.03이었다 구상나무의 생육현황표에 의한 점수는 해발고와 낙엽퇴의 두께와 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.