• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

본 논문은 동아, 조선, 중앙, 한겨레 신문의 2000~2011년 신문 사설과 보도문에서서 나타나는 접속부사의 사용에 대한 분석이다. 구체적으로, 텍스트 구조를 드러내는 표지의 기능을 하는 접속부사에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 12년 동안 출현한 고빈도 접속부사 '그러나, 하지만, 그런데, 그리고, 따라서, 그래서, 그렇지만, 그러면, 그러므로, 하물며'를 대상으로 보도문에서의 빈도 변화와 신문 사설에서의 빈도 변화를 대응 분석과 군집 분석을 통해 객관적, 통계적, 통시적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 나열의 구조에서 보도문은 '그리고'를 선호하고 신문 사설은 '하물며'를 선호하여 사용하며, 대조의 표지로서 보도문은 '하지만'을 신문 사설은 '그러나, 그렇지만'을 선호하여 사용하였다. 화제 전환을 나타낼 때 보도문은 '그러면'을 사용하는 반면 신문 사설은 '그런데'를 사용하고, 문제에 대한 결과를 제시할 때 '보도문'은 '그러므로, 그래서'를 신문 사설은 '따라서'를 더 많이 사용하는 경향이 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and to present management plan of mountain type green space in Kangwhado, Inchon. The actual vegetation in survey sites(11,331ha) was divided into 19 community types. It was consisted of secondary forest(92.32%) which was Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora-Q. acutissima, and Q. mongolica community so on. Artificial planting forest area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus rigida forest and others, was 5.40%(612ha) and it was less than cases in other cities in the Metropolitan area. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 57 survey plots were divided into seven community types; P rigida(community A), Q. acutissima(community B) P. densiflora-Q. acutissima(community C), Q. acutissima-P. densiflora (community D), P. densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora-Q. serrata-Q. acutissima(community E), Q. serrata-Q. mongolica(community F), and Zelkova serrata-Acer mono(community G). From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation in this area seems to be change from P. densiflora forest through Q. acutissima forest to Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and C. laxiflora forest. It was similar to the ordinary successional trend of temperate deciduous forest in middle area, Korea. In addition, this study area was showed acid soil(pH 4.17). Therefore, there is a need for managing the soil environment for effective vegetation management.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

The bacterial community of water stream, soil and guano in Gossi cave was examined by using PCR amplified the 16S rDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoyesis (DGGE). In this study, the genetic diversity and the similarity of bacterial community between open area and non - open area toy cave tour were investigated, and the seasonable variation pattern was compared each other. DGGE is attractive technique, as it sepayate same length dsDNA according to sequence variation typical 16S rDNA genes. The diversity and similarity of bacterial community in cave was analyzed by GC341f and PRUN518r primer sets foy amplification of V3 region of eubacteria 16S rDNA. The specific DGGE band profile of the cave water gives the possibility that the specific bacterial cell can be adapting to the specific cave environment and living in the cave. The DGGE band profiles of all samples with guano were compared and analyzed by image analyzer, in which mutual band profile was compared to be and the band intensity of guano was the highest. From these result, it is thought that the guano was main nutrient source and influenced on the community structure of the cave environment where is nutritionally limited. Pseudomonas sp. NZ060, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, uncultured Variovorax sp. and soli bacterium NS7 were identified to be on some sample from analysing DNA sequence of some DGGE band.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.118-134
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigated the plant community structure and to revaluate the part of plant ecosystem on statement of environmental impact assessment in Muju resort golf course, Solch'on area, Tokyusan National Park. The actual vegetation was comprised of Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica-Q. serrata community(33.21%), Q. spp. community(27.30%), P. densiflora community(20.68%) and high mountain marsh(4.93%) etc., which communities were the major vegetation and the forest vegetation was came to being a peculiar to environmental condition. The degree of green naturality 8, 9 was covered 93% in survey area, and so this result reflect the stability of ecosystem. There was all the difference between the statement of environmental impact assessment of development concerned and this study result in the estimation of degree of green naturality. The plant community were divided into six groups in fifty-four plots by DCA and the dividing groups were P. densiflora, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, P. densiflora-Q. serrata-F. mandschurica-B. davurica, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata-P. densiflora, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis, Salix koreansis- B. davurica community. Except P. densiflora forest in survey site, the ecological succession trend of the other communities was seemed to be from P. densiflora to Q. spp.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2019

Our study was based on the long-term surveys with respect to the major reservoirs located in the Yeongsan and Seomjin river basins. A total of 45 survey sites have been surveyed four times a year from 2008 to 2017. We identified 166 zooplankton species, including 127 rotifers, 26 cladocerans, and 13 copepods. Mean population density and species number of small reservoirs were higher than those of mid and large reservoirs. Considering outliers exceeding the 90th percentile between species occupancy and mean abundance, 10 of 11 habitat generalists were rotifers, and Bosmina longirostris was the only cladoceran. Habitat specialist consisted of three species of rotifers and emerged from one to three survey sites. According to the modularity results, it was found that the survey sites covering the entire river basins were characterized into five groups, which was similar to the classification by maximum water surface areas(MWSA). The result of the eigenvector centrality showed that the size of MWSA had a greater impact on the similarity of zooplankton community structure between reservoirs than the difference in distance between reservoirs. In the case of survey points in near dam or estuary bank of Juam and Youngsan reservoirs, modularity class were separated from other internal survey points of those. Given that the zooplankton interactions may contribute to freshwater functions more than species diversity. These topological features provide new insight into studying zooplankton distribution patterns, their organization and impacts on freshwater-associated function.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2004

To investigate the vegetation structure of subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan, 20 plots(100$m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups Quercus mongolica community, Betula ermanii - Picea jezoensis - Taxus cuspidata community, Taxus cuspidata - Qurecus mongolica - Betula ermanii community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica, Taxus cuspidata and Betula ermanii were found as a major woody plant species in the subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan. In this area, Korean endemic species, Abies koreana was distributed small amounts. In future, importance percentage of Abies koreana might be decreased, but that of Betula ermanii might be increased. High positive correlations was proved between Betula ermanii and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum ; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Acer mono; Syringa velutina and Magnolia sieboldii and relatively high negative corrlations was proved between Betular ermani and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes ; Quercus mongolica and Acer mono; Abies koreana and Tripterygium regelii, Weigela subsessilis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 1.0316∼1.1776 and it was similar to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the effective conservation and management in the black pine(Pinus thunbergii) stand which is located in the eastern coast of Gyeongsangbuk-do where the fragmentation of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists, and installed the seventy study sites($20{\times}20m$) in the dominant black pine stand. The black pine stand was classified into three groups(P. thunbergii - P. densiflora community, P. thunbergii - Robinia pseudoacacia community, P. thunbergii - P. densiflora-Celtis sinensis community) by a cluster analysis. As a result of Multi-Response Permutation Procedures test, there is significance among the communities. Pinus densiflora, Callicarpa japonica, Juniperus rigida, Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense etc. nineteen species were significant by indicator species analysis. The population structure of black pine stand showed that the class of diameter 12 to 26 cm was dominance, which had the inverse hump-shape pattern. Species diversity index(H') of investigated ranged from $1.033{\pm}0.234$ to $1.629{\pm}0.226$ in the woody layer group and from $2.448{\pm}0.457$ to $2.545{\pm}0.318$ $2.174{\pm}0.333$ in the herb layer group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.758-764
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• 2018

Digital documents such as patents, scholarly papers and research reports have author keywords which summarize the topics of documents. Different documents are likely to describe the same topic if they share the same keywords. Document clustering aims at clustering documents to similar topics with an unsupervised learning method. However, it is difficult to apply to a large amount of documents event though the document clustering is utilized to in various data analysis due to computational complexity. In this case, we can cluster and connect massive documents using keywords efficiently. Existing bottom-up hierarchical clustering requires huge computation and time complexity for clustering a large number of keywords. This paper proposes an inverted index based bottom-up clustering for keywords and analyzes the results of clustering with massive keywords extracted from scholarly papers and research reports.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.375-379
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• 2016

In this study, the structure and diversity of bacterial community were investigated in the surface and subsurface marine sediments using a NGS method (i.e. illumina sequencing technology). The bacterial community in the surface was distinct from that in the subsurface of marine sediment; with the exception of the phylum Proteobacteria, the relative abundance of Bacteroides phylum were higher in the surface than subsurface, whereas the sequences affiliated to the phyla Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were relatively more copious in the subsurface than surface sediment. Moreover, interestingly, we observed that the phyla Nitrospinae and Nitrospirae contribute to nitrogen cycle in the marine sediment. This study may present the possibility for the presence of novel microorganisms as unexplored sources and provide basic information on the microbial community structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.4 s.62
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• pp.215-231
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• 2006

Recently there are many bibliometric studies attempting to utilize Pathfinder networks(PFNets) for examining and analyzing the intellectual structure of a scholarly field. Pathfinder network scaling has many advantages over traditional multidimensional scaling, including its ability to represent local details as well as global intellectual structure. However there are some limitations in PFNets including very high time complexity. And Pathfinder network scaling cannot be combined with cluster analysis, which has been combined well with traditional multidimensional scaling method. In this paper, a new method named as Parallel Nearest Neighbor Clustering (PNNC) are proposed for complementing those weak points of PFNets. Comparing the clustering performance with traditional hierarchical agglomerative clustering methods shows that PNNC is not only a complement to PFNets but also a fast and powerful clustering method for organizing informations.