• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.630-637
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• 2010

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Sobaeksan National Park from May to October in 2008 using the methodology of the ZM school's phytosociological analysis. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 community groups such as Quercus mongolica community group. Quercus mongolica community group was subdivided into 3 community such as Pinus densiflora community, Acer barbinerve community and Cornus controversa community. Pinus densiflora community was subdivided into Quercus variabilis group and Tilia amurensis group. Acer barbinerve community was also subdivided into Salix hallaisanensis group and Betula ermani group(subdivided into Taxus cuspidata subgroup and Betula ermani typical subgroup). Artificial forest type indicated 2 communities such as Larix leptolepis community and Pinus koraiensis community. Accordingly, the vegetation pattern of the surveyed areas were classified into 1 community groups, 5 communities, 4 groups, and 2 subgroups and the forest vegetation was classified into 8 units in total. The vegetation unit distributions was strongly correlated with sea level and topography in this research area.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2013

식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 지표면과 대기의 에너지와 물 순환에 큰 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 상층군락과 하층군락의 식생은 미기후의 차이 등에 의해 서로 다른 생물계절학적 특성을 가진다. 이러한 식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 반사도 관측을 통해 추정할 수 있다. 과거부터 원격탐사 기법을 활용하여 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 추정하는 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 상층군락과 하층군락의 반사특성을 구분하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 상층군락과 하층군락 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 구분하여 탐지하기 위해 red, green, blue 그리고 near-infrared 의 네 가지 파장대를 가진 LED 센서를 이용하였다. LED 센서는 광릉 시험림 내의 활엽수림과 침엽수림 관측지에 서로 다른 네 군데의 높이에 설치되어 각 파장대의 반사도를 산출하였다. 또한 반사도를 이용하여 세 가지 식생지수(NDVI, EVI, Greenness index)를 산출하여 상층식생과 하층식생의 개엽기를 추정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 2013

Forest vegetation of Namdeogyusan (1,507 m) in Deogyusan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation and flatland forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, valley forest, coniferous forest, afforestation and other vegetation. Including 45 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 8 communities of other vegetation, the total of 53 communities were researched; mountain forest vegetation classified by physiognomy classification are 22 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 11 communities of valley forest, 5 communities of coniferous forests, 7 afforestation and 8 other vegetation. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis communities account for 79.30 percent of deciduous broad-leaved forest, Fraxinus mandshurica community takes up 82.96 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 53.31 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus variabilis are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation region in Deogyusan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora and Fraxinus mandshurica which are climax species in the area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.147-167
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze forest vegetation structure in the Marugeum (Ridge) area of Gitdaebaegibong to Jukryeong, Baekdudaegan. Data were collected in 298 quadrates through a Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey from April, 2018 to October, 2018. Forest vegetation was classified into 13 vegetation units. A Quercus mongolica community was divided into Morus bombycis, Filipendula glaberrima, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Prunus maackii unit and Q. mongolica typical unit. The M. bombycis unit was further classified into a Deutzia glabrata group and M. bombycis typical group. The F. glaberrima unit was subdivided into a Veratrum oxysepalum group, Arundinella hirta group, and F. glaberrima typical group. The F. sieboldiana unit was divided into a Pinus densiflora group, Larix kaempferi group, and F. sieboliana typical group. The relationship between vegetation units and environmental factors was studied through coincidence analysis and CCA. The F. glaberrima unit (VU 6~8) was distributed by elevation above 1,200 m and other vegetation units were distributed below 1,200 m. Results of the CCA analysis showed that the F. glaberrima unit distribution is positively correlated with elevation. As a result of species diversity, the F. glaberrima unit was higher than other vegetation units. A similarity index analysis revealed that the F. sieboldiana unit (VU 9~11) was relatively homogeneous, and the M. bombycis unit (VU 1~5) and A. girta group (VU 7) were relatively heterogeneous. A detrended correspondence analysis determined that the distance between the statistical axes of the M. bombycis and F. glaberrima units was the greatest, which is consistent with the analysis of the similarity index. As a result of interspecific correlation of major woody plants, hydrophilic species were positively correlated, and a negative correlation was found between Q. mongolica and intolerant species such as P. densiflora and L. kaempferi.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2006

In an estuary, ecological dynamic is modified for a long time and memorized in soils and landscapes. As landscape memory, ecological motif is defined with dominance and rarity of vegetation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the existing vegetation character and to propose the ecological motif of this area. The present salt-water plants, community species composition and constancy degree around the estuary in Buandam watershed Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do were analyzed. The results are as follows. The flora of the salt-water plants was listed as 16 taxa; 6 families,13 genera,14 species and 2 varieties. 5 taxa were Gramineae, 4 taxa Chenopodiaceae, and 4 taxa Comrositae. The salt-water plant communities are a total of 10 communities as listed; Zoysia sinica-Artemisia scoparia community, Phacelurus latifolius community, Artemisia scoparia Cnidium japonicum community, Limonium tetragonum -Artemisia scoparia community, Artemisia scoparia community, Suaeda japonica community, Elymus dahuricus community, Suaeda asparagoides community, Zoysia sinica community, and Zoysia sinica-Suaeda japonica community. Analyzed by the community classification species class of constancy degree, Phacelurus latifolius, Cnidium japonicum, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda japonica, Elymus dahuricus and Suaeda asparagoides belong to I, Zoysia sinica and Artemisia scoparia to II. Elymus dahuricus, Setaria viridis var. pachystachys, Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola, Phacelurus latifolius, Atriplex gmelini, Salicornia herbacea, Calystegia soldanella and Aster tripolium belong to the accompaniment species to I: Zoysia sinica, Suaeda asparagoides, Artemisia capillaris to II; Suaeda japonica, Artemisia scoparia to III ; Cnidium japonicum to IV: Limonium tetragonum, Artemisia fukudo to V. And the ecological motif is the Phacelurus latifolius community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.281-287
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• 2003

We present the first analysis of moor vegetation on the Moojechi of Ulsan including syntaxonomy and syndynamics. We classified plant communities according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. In order to better understand ecological alteration processes and changing species compositions along successional gradients we also examined synecological differences using Principal Coordinate Analysis(PCoA) in terms of moisture gradient, species richness, and community structure. Classification resulted in one association and five plant communities occupying distinct moor habitats: Hypericum laxum-Eleocharis acicularis for. longiseta community, Drosera rotundifolia-Eleocharis congesta community, Platanthero-Molinietum japonicae ass. nova hoc loco, Molinia japonica-Alnus japonica community, Miscanthus sinensis-Pinus densiflora community, and Convallaria keiskei-Quercus serrata community. Due to synecological correspondences and floristic similarities in supraregional perspective, Platanthero-Molinietum can be assigned to existing higher syntaxonomic units of Molinion and Molinietalia in Braun-Blanquet system, established in Japan. We propose to extend their range and designate the new class Molinietea japonicae representative to the intermediate moor (Zwischenmoor) vegetation in Northeast Asia. PCoA resulted in four types showing a sequencess of succession: Needle spike-rush type, moor-grass type (incl. alder forest type), eulalia type, and oak forest type. A combination of edaphic conditions (soil eutrphication and soil moisture) and hydrologic patterns of moor ecosystem related to topography, occurring as result of external geophysical forces, controls inter alia spatial patterns and floristic compositions of moor plant communities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.9-26
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• 2008

To clarify the reed (Phragmites australis) stand's effects on the sediment properties and its increasing pattern, breaths of reed stands in 1999 and 2000, and sediment properties - water, salt, organic matter, sulphur, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen contents - along th depth at the three stands in 2007 were surveyed at Suncheon Bay. Regardless of reed stand, the more distance from the land was long, the more water and salt contents of sediment were high. Organic matter content of sediment was high and increased with the reed biomass at the upper layer but low regardless of biomass at the lower layer. Sulphur content of sediment was higher at old reed stand (0.33%) than at new stand (0.21%) or non-vegetated stand (0.23%). Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen contents of sediment were similar at three stands in mean values. However, their contents were high at upper layer and low at lower layer in a stand. Therefore, the changing pattern of organic matter content with the depth was similar to but not coincided to the inorganic nutrients' ones. The mean breadth of reed stands increased $2.33{\pm}0.73m$ in 1999 and $3.65{\pm}1.64m$ in 2000. However, the increase of reed stands' breadth a year varied along the direction, year or stands, so that there was not a trend in increasing pattern. It was thought that this increasing pattern made the reed's patch round. The height and density of reed shoot in newly formed stand decreased with the distance from the center of stand. In the newly formed peripheral area of a reed stand, the shoot density was not related with the land (north) or sea (south) direction, however, the shoot height was higher in the sea (south) than in the land (north) direction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to provide a fundamental data which can be applied to management conservation, and restoration of coastal sand dune vegetation by determining the classification and distribution of community, and ecological characteristics of the habitat. This research was performed by the Braun-Blanquet's method. The coastal sand dune vegetation of Uido (I.) was composed with 9 communities as follows : Vitex rotundifolia community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Carex kobomugi community, Iachaemum anthephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Calystegia soldanella community Messerschmidia sibirica community and Pinus thunbergii community, the evergreen needle-leaved forest. The constancy degree showed high in Calystegia soldanella (77%), Vitex rotundifolia (74%), Carex kobomugi (66%), Zoysia macrostachya (50%) and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (47%). However the highest constancy degree Calystegia soldanella has, it turned out to have low net contribution degree (NCD) in each community. In terms of the distribution and growth feature of the composition species in the coastal sand dune, Vitex rotundifolia, Carex kobomuri and Zoysia macrostachya were widely distributed from unstable sand dune to stable one but Iachaemum anthephoroides and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were mainly found at the stable sand dune. Carex kobomugi was especially dominant at the unstable sand dune where the sand continued to be deposited. On the other hand, Carer pumila and Messerschmidia sibirica showed regional distributions around fresh water.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2014

Various ecosystem carry out fundamental function of material circulation and energy flow through interrelationship with many environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to scientifically understand the value of nature to deduce correlation between environmental factor and change of ecosystem function. In this study, we determined the accumulated ecosystem carbon and characteristics of soil respiration on grassland vegetation in Namahangang basin in Namhangang Basin. It was found that the rate of soil respiration was highly correlated with the soil temperature in all communities. The measured soil respiration rates were $1,539mgCO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, $1,200mgCO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, $1,215mgCO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ in Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica, Salix koreensis communities, respectively. Also, carbon quantities accumulated in litter and soil layers were $40.6tCha^{-1}$ (1.9+38.7), $46.9tCha^{-1}$ (43.0+3.9), $31.2tCha^{-1}$ (28.9+2.3) in M. sacchariflorus, P. japonica, S. koreensis communities, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.646-655
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• 2015

A phytosociological survey carried out using the Z.-M. School’s methodology and system of numerical-classification analyses, this study sought to classify the syntaxa of forest vegetation on Mt. Byeokbang and to collect basic data on the transitional zones of the southern Korean peninsula’s coastal region. The syntaxa were classified into three physiognomic types and nine communities, including (1) evergreen coniferous forests (Eurya japonica-Pinus thunbergii community and Ardisia japonica-Pinus densiflora community), (2) summer-green, broad-leaved forests (Chloranthus japonicus-Quercus serrate community, Syneilesis palmata-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus acutissima community, Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana community, Fraxinus siebolidiana-Quercus dentate community, and Deutzia glabrata-Lindera erythrocarpa community), and (3) artificial afforestation (Alnus firma afforestation). The Chloranthus japonicus-Quercus serrata community, Syneilesis palmata-Quercus mongolica community, Fraxinus siebolidiana-Quercus dentata community, Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana, community and Deutzia glabrata-Lindera erythrocarpa community were closely evaluated for national vegetation naturalness. It was confirmed that the Carpinus turczaninovii var. coreana community was endemic to Korea. Most syntaxa were defined as a secondary forestation due to various human activities (e.g., forest fires, logging, digging, climbing, etc.). The results of a canonical-correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that human activities, altitude, humus depth, rock cover ratio, slope, etc. were the main ecological factors determining the classified plant communities’ distribution patterns.